UEE1604 Power System Operation and Control
Lecture 38
Contingency Analysis - Linear Sensitivity Factors
Dr V Thiyagarajan
Associate Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA – 603 110
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Linear sensitivity factors
• Analyzing in details a large number of contingencies is a
difficult task.
• An easy (approximate) way to quickly compute any
possible violation of operating limits is the one of linear
sensitivity factors.
• Two such sensitivity factors for checking line flow
violations are (a) generation shift factors and (b) line
outage distribution factors.
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Generation shift factors
They calculate the effect of change in generation on the line flows, as
shown below:
ali =Δfl / Δ Pi
Where,
ali is the linearized generation shift factor for the lth line for a change in
output of ith generator;
Δfl is the MW change in power flow in the ith line;
Δ Pi is the change in generation at the ith bus.
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Line outage distribution factor
Line outage distribution factors are used to quickly check line
overloading as a result of outage of any transmission line, and are
defined as follows:
dlk = Δfl / f kold
Where, dlk is the line outage distribution factor for line l after an
outage of line k;
Δfl is the change in MW ow in line l due to the
outage of line k;
fk old is the flow in line k before its outage.
The new value of line ow is given by,
f lnew = fl old+ dlk fkold
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Algorithm for Contingency analysis
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References
1. Olle.I.Elgerd, “Electric Energy Systems theory – An introduction”, McGraw Hill
Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 34th reprint, 2010.
2. Allen. J. Wood and Bruce F. Wollen Berg, “Power Generation, Operation and
Control”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2016.
3. Kothari D.P. and Nagrath I.J., “Power System Engineering”, Tata mcgraw-Hill
Education, Second Edition, 2008.
4. Hadi Saadat, “Power System Analysis”, McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
21st reprint, 2010.
5. Kundur P., “Power System Stability and Control, McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi, 10th reprint, 2010.
6. B.M. Weedy, B.J. Cory et al, ” Electric Power systems” Wiley 2012
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Thank You
