SQL Built-in Functions
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Lesson Objectives
This is a sample text that you can edit. You
01 Understand about the
canbuilt-in
changefunctions in SQL
font(size, color, Server
name), or apply
any desired formatting.
Recognize how to use built-in functions to perform operations
02 on data
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Agenda
1. Conversion Functions
2. Date and Time Functions
3. String Functions
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Section1
Conversion Functions
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CAST Function
Converts an expression of one data type to another in SQL Server 2008
R2.
Syntax for CAST:
CAST ( expression AS data_type [ ( length ) ] )
The Cast() function is used to convert a data type variable or data from one
data type to another data type.
The Cast() function provides a data type to a dynamic parameter (?) or a
NULL value.
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CONVERT Function
When you convert expressions from one type to another, in many cases
there will be a need within a stored procedure or other routine to convert
data from a datetime type to a varchar type.
The Convert function is used for such things. The CONVERT() function can
be used to display date/time data in various formats
Syntax for CONVERT:
CONVERT ( data_type [ ( length ) ] , expression [ , style ] )
Style (0 or 100): mon dd yyyy hh:miAM (or PM)
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CONVERT Function
Without century With century
Standard Input/Output
(yy) (yyyy)
- 0 or 100 Default mon dd yyyy hh:miAM (or PM)
1 101 U.S. mm/dd/yyyy
2 102 ANSI yy.mm.dd
3 103 British/French dd/mm/yyyy
4 104 German dd.mm.yy
5 105 Italian dd-mm-yy
6 106 - dd mon yy
7 107 - Mon dd, yy
8 108 - hh:mi:ss
- 9 or 109 Default + milliseconds mon dd yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM (or PM)
10 110 USA mm-dd-yy
11 111 JAPAN yy/mm/dd
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CONVERT Function (3/3)
Without With century
Standard Input/Output
century (yy) (yyyy)
12 112 ISO yymmdd
Yyyymmdd
- 13 or 113 Europe default + milliseconds dd mon yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmm(24h)
14 114 - hh:mi:ss:mmm(24h)
- 20 or 120 ODBC canonical yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss(24h)
- 21 or 121 ODBC canonical (with milliseconds) yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss.mmm(24h)
- 126 ISO8601 yyyy-mm-ddThh:mi:ss.mmm (no spaces)
- 127 ISO8601 with time zone Z yyyy-mm-ddThh:mi:ss.mmmZ
(no spaces)
- 130 Hijri dd mon yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM
- 131 Hijri dd/mm/yy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM
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Section2
Date and Time Functions
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GETDATE() & DATEPART() Function
The GETDATE() function returns the current date and time from the SQL Server.
The DATEPART() function is used to return a single part of a date/time, such as year,
month, day, hour, minute, etc.
Syntax:
GETDATE()
DATEPART(datepart, date)
Ex: SELECT GETDATE() SELECT DATEPART(YYYY, GETDATE())
Result:
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GETDATE() & DATEPART Function
datepart Abbreviation
year yy, yyyy
quarter qq, q
month mm, m
dayofyear dy, y
day dd, d
week wk, ww
weekday dw, w
hour hh
minute mi, n
second ss, s
millisecond ms
microsecond mcs
nanosecond ns
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DAY, MONTH,YEAR Function
Returns an integer representing the day/month/year (day of the month) of
the specified date.
Syntax:
DAY(date)
MONTH(date)
YEAR(date)
SELECT DAY(GETDATE()) AS [Day],
Ex: MONTH(GETDATE()) AS [Month],
YEAR(GETDATE()) AS [Year]
Result:
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DATEADD Function
The DATEADD() function adds or subtracts a specified time interval from a
date.
Syntax:
DATEADD(datepart,number,date)
Ex:
DECLARE @dt datetime; Result:
SET @dt = GETDATE();
SELECT @dt AS CurrentDate;
SELECT DATEADD(day, 30, @dt) AS AffterDate;
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DATEDIFF Function
The DATEDIFF() function returns the time between two dates.
Syntax:
DATEDIFF (datepart,startdate,enddate)
DECLARE @date1 DATETIME;
Ex:
DECLARE @date2 DATETIME;
SET @date1= '2012-04-07 20:12:22.013‘;
SET @date2= '2014-02-27 22:14:10.013‘;
SELECT DATEDIFF(month, @date1, @date2) AS 'Month'
Result:
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Section3
String Functions
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RTRIM, LTRIM Function
LTRIM Removes all white spaces from the beginning of the string.
Syntax:
LTRIM (str)
RTRIM (str)
Ex : SELECT LTRIM(' Sample ');
SELECT RTRIM(' Sample ');
Result :
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SUBSTRING Function
The Substring function in SQL is used to return a portion of string. This
function is called differently in different databases:
Syntax:
SUBSTRING(str, position, length)
Ex : SELECT SUBSTRING('Bill Gates', 0 ,5) As Result
Result :
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LEN, CHARINDEX, PATINDEX Function
The CHARINDEX and PATINDEX functions return the starting position of a
pattern you specify.
PATINDEX can use wildcard characters, but CHARINDEX cannot
Syntax: LEN(str)
CHARINDEX ( expression1 ,expression2 [ , start_location ] )
PATINDEX ( '%pattern%' , expression )
Ex:
SELECT CHARINDEX('bicycle', 'Reflectors are vital safety components of your bicycle.')
AS Positions
SELECT PATINDEX ( '%ein%', 'Das ist ein Test') AS Positions
Result:
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Summary
Conversion Functions
CAST, CONVERT Function
Date and Time Functions
GETDATE, DATEPART, DAY, MONTH,YEAR, DATEDD, DATEIFF Function
String Functions
RTRIM, LTRIM, SUBSTRING, LEN, CHARINDEX, PATINDEX
Demo
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THANK YOU!
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