Electrical Transmission

1. The charging current in a cable

1. leads voltage by 120°.

2. lags voltage by 90°.

3. lags voltage by 120°.

4. leads voltage by 90°.

In cables there will be more capacitance effect than inductance effect. Whenever two cables are placed nearer then two

conductors act as conducting plate and insulation acts as dielectric medium between them. Hence capacitance effect

will result in more. Hence the charging current in a cable leads the voltage by 90°.

2. The voltage of super tension cables is up to

1. 33 kV.

2. 66 kV.

3. 132 kV.

4. 220 kV.

According to voltage the classification of cables can be done: Low tension cables up to 1 kV. High tension cables up

to 1 kV - 11 kV. Super tension cables up to 11 kV - 33 kV. Extra tension cables up to 33 kV - 66 kV. Extra super high

tension cables is above 132 kV.

3. If the length of cable decreases then insulation resistance

1. increases.

2. decreases.

3. remains unchanged.

4. none of above.

The insulation resistance of a cable is inversely proportional to the length of cable. As the surface of the insulation

through which leakage current will pass to the ground will be reduced if cable length is reduced.

4. Insulation resistance of a cable is

1. directly proportional to its length.

2. inversely proportional to its length.

3. remain constant.

4. none of above.

If the length of the cable is increased, then the leakage area is also increased. Hence more current can leak. In other

words insulation resistance is decreased.

5. The bridge used for measurement of insulation cables

1. Wien's.

2. Maxwell's.
 3. Schering's.

4. Kelvin's.

Schering's bridge is used to measure insulation of cables. Since insulation of cable has a capacitive effect.

6. Galvanized steel is generally used as

1. stray wire.

2. earth wire.

3. structural components.

4. all of the above.

Galvanized steel is very popular term. Conductor is one of the most vulnerable element for electrical wiring system. If

the wires are made up with ordinary steels, rust or corrosion will attack the wire after some time. For this reason,

galvanized wires are used in many applications. A layer of zinc oxide is provided on the steel wire by some chemical

process. This layer protects the cables from any natural effects. Galvanized wires are used as earthing cables, wiring

stray cables and also in structural elements.

7. If cable of homogeneous insulation has maximum stress of 5 kV / mm, then the dielectric strength of insulation should

be

1. 2.5 kV / mm.

2. 25 kV / mm.

3. 0 kV / mm.

4. 5 kV / mm.

Dielectric strength of insulation is same as the maximum stress for a cable of homogeneous insulation.

8. How does the depth of laying affect the current carrying capacity of cables?

1. Decreases.

2. Increases.

3. Unchanged.

4. Doubles.

As depth of laying increases, heat dissipation becomes more difficult and accordingly the current carrying capacity

decreases. Current carrying capacity of any conductor majorly depends upon temperature rising limit of the conductor.

9. Function of bituminous compound in joints of cable is to

1. protect joints from heat.

2. protect joints from moisture penetration.

3. provide mechanical strength.

4. none of these.

Bituminous compounds provide protection to cables against moisture penetration.

10. Insulated conductor is termed as

1. wire.

2. conductor.

3. pipe.

4. cable.

Bare conductor is called wire and insulated conductor is called cable. There are different layers of insulation. Cables

carry much higher voltage.

11. What are the types of EHT cables?

1. Oil filled.

2. Gas filled.

3. Both of above.

4. Air filled.

In oil filled EHT cable low viscosity oil is used and in case of gas filled pure nitrogen is used which is maintained at

pressure of 14 Kg / sq cm.

12. What type of cable are used in hill / mines?

1. MIND.

2. XLPE.

3. FRLS.

4. LSOH.

MIND (mass impregnated non draining) type cable is used in mines / hills. These cables are available for all voltage

including 33 kV. It is suitable for vertical run particularly on hills / mines.

13. To increases the visual critical voltage of corona voltage of corona for an overhead line one solid phase conductor is

replaced by a bundle of four smaller conductor. The area of bundle conductor is equal to that of the solid conductor.

The radius of solid conductor is 40 mm, then the radius of each of the bundle conductors would be

1. 20 mm.

2. 25 mm.

3. 30 mm.

4. 45 mm.

14. Corona effect can be minimized

1. irregular surface of conductors.

2. stormy weather.

3. small spacing between conductors.

4. large spacing between conductors.

 If the spacing between conductors is made large, then reduces the electrostatic stresses at the conductor surface, thus

avoiding corona formation.

15. Equal area criterion gives the information regarding

1. stability region.

2. relative stability.

3. absolute stability.

4. swing curves.

Equal area criterion is a simple graphical method of predicting the transient stability of two machine systems or a

single machine against infinite bus. The criterion does not require solution of swing equation ( M × d 2δ / dt2 = PA ) for

the determination of absolute stability conditions. The stability conditions are determined by equating the areas of

segments on the power angle diagram between the P - curve and the new power transfer line for the given condition.

16. Steady state stability of a power system is the ability of the power system to

1. maintain frequency 50 Hz.

2. maintain synchronism between machines and on external tie lines.

3. maintain voltage at fixed or rated value.

4. maintain hot reserve and cold reserve at all times.

Steady state stability of a power system is defined as the ability of the system withstand even after a disturbance occur.

Or steady state stability of a power system is the ability of a power system to maintain synchronism between machines

and on the external tie lines.

17. Overhead voltage distribution system is applied to city A and cable voltage distribution system is applied to city B.

Voltage variation at consumer terminal is less in which city?

1. A.

2. B.

3. Both equal.

4. Not related to voltage distribution.

Voltage variation at consumer terminal is less in city B because cables have more capacitance and less inductance than

overhead lines.

18. As per IE rules the maximum allowable variation between declared and actual voltage at consumer premises should be

1. ± 5 %.

2. ± 6%.

3. ± 7 %.

4. ± 8 %.
 According to IE rules, the voltage at the point of commencement of supply shall not be vary more than ± 6 % in the

case of low voltage(250 V - 650 V), ± 7 % to 9 % in the case of high voltage ( up to 33 kV ). So that the second option

is correct.

19. Bundled conductor are mainly used in high voltage overhead lines to

1. reduce line losses.

2. reduce sag.

3. reduce corona.

4. increase mechanical strength.

Corona proportional to ( V - V o )2. Vo proportional to conductor size, large size means large critical disruptive voltage

and smaller will be the difference ( V - Vo )2, hence smaller corona loss.

20. Localization of cable faults done by

1. short circuit tests.

2. Murray loop tests.

3. Varley loop tests.

4. both B and C.

There are several methods for locating the faults in underground [Link], two popular methods known as loop

tests known as loop tests are:- 1. Murray loop test, 2. Varley loop test. These simple tests can be used to locate the

earth fault or short-circuited fault in underground cables provided that a sound cable runs along the faulty cable. Both

these tests employ the principle of Wheatstone bridge for fault location. The Murray loop test is the most common and

accurate method of locating earth fault or short circuit fault in underground cables. The Varley loop test is also used to

locate earth fault or short-circuit fault in underground cables. This test also employs Wheatstone bridge principal.

21. Power factor is defined as the

1. sine of the angle between voltage and current in AC circuit.

2. cosine of angle between voltage and current in an AC circuit.

3. cosine of angle between power and voltage in AC circuit.

4. tangent of the angle between voltage and current in AC circuit.

In an AC circuit, there is generally a phase difference between voltage and current . The terms cosφ is called power

factor of the circuit. If the circuit is inductive, the current lags behind the voltage and the power factor is referred to as

lagging. However, in a capacitive circuit, current leads the voltage and power factor is said to be leading.

22. What dielectric material are used in the capacitor used for power factor correction?

5. Vacuum.

6. Oil impregnated paper.

7. Mica.
 8. Glass.

Capacitors used for power factor correction has oil impregnated paper as the dielectric material between two parallel

plates.

23. The maximum and minimum values of power factor in an AC circuit are

1. 1 and 0.

2. ∞ and 0.

3. ∞ and 1.

4. 1 and 0.1.

The power factor is expressed as cosφ. Where, φ is the angle between voltage and current. The maximum and

minimum absolute values of cosθ are 1 and 0 respectively. So the maximum and minimum values of power factor in

an AC circuit are 1 and 0 respectively.

24. Reactive power is a

1. useful power.

2. some time useful and some time useless power.

3. useless power.

4. none of the above.

Because reactive power is useful at transmission of active power without losses and useless at load side.

25. Power factor can be improved by using

1. series capacitor.

2. capacitor and resistor in series.

3. inductor and capacitor in parallel.

4. only shunt capacitor.

Shunt capacitors are used to provide part of reactive VAr required by the load to keep the voltage within desirable

limits and improve power factor. The shunt capacitor are mainly installed to provide capacitive reactive

compensation / power factor correction and improvement. The use of shunt capacitor banks has increased because,

they are relative in expensive, easy and quick to install and can be deployed virtually anywhere in the network. Its

installation has other beneficial effects on the system such as improvement of voltage at the load, better voltage

regulation, reduction of losses and reduction postponement of investments in transmission.

26. For a fixes value of complex power flow in a transmission line having a sending end voltage V, real power will be

proportional to

1. V.

2. 1 / V2.

3. 1 / V.
 4. V 2.

27. Power is drawn from a source at power factor 0.8, Pav = 200 W, the reactive power is given by

1. 200 VAr.

2. 160 VAr.

3. 150 VAr.

4. 120 VAr.

28. The apparent power drawn by an AC circuit is 20 kVA. The wattmeter reads 16 kV. The reactive power in the circuit

in kVAr is

1. 12.

2. 21.

3. 52.

4. 60.

29. What will be the reactive power in a circuit when the apparent power and actual power drawn by that circuit are 100

kVA and 60 KW?

1. 120 KVAr.

2. 100 KVAr.

3. 80 KVAr.

4. None of these.

30. In characteristic impedance of a transmission line if load impedance of a transmission line is equal to the load

impedance then

1. all the energy sent will observed by the load.

2. the system will resonate badly.

3. all the energy sent will pass to earth.

4. all energy will lost in transmission line as transmission losses.

For loss less transmission line characteristic impedance is given by √( L / C). The case characteristic impedance is

equal to load impedance and it is possible only when transmission line is in resonance i.e. inductive reactance and

capacitive reactance are equal. Hence all energy sent will be observed by the load.

31. Capacitor banks are connected with AC induction motor

1. in parallel.

2. in series.

3. not connected at all.

4. can be connected either way series/parallel.

Capacitor banks are connected in parallel with induction motor (AC).

32. Shunt compensation in an EHV system used to

1. improves the voltage profile.

2. reduce fault level.

3. improves stability.

4. improves the protection of the line.

Shunt compensation is used to improve voltage regulation. Hence it is used in transmission system to improve voltage

profile.

33. For enhancing the power transmission in a long EHV transmission line, the most preferred method is to connect a

1. series inductive compensator in the line.

2. series capacitive compensator in the line.

3. shunt capacitive compensator at the sending end.

4. shunt inductive compensator at the line.

Power flow in line is proportional to 1/ ( reactance of the line). As reactance of line decreases so power flow in the line

increases with increasing capacitive effect.

34. In order to increase the limitation distance of transmission line the following can be used

1. shunt reactors and series capacitors.

2. series reactors and shunt capacitors.

3. synchronous condensers.

4. tap - changing transformers.

Shunt reactors and series capacitors are used in order to increase the limitation distance of transmission line. Series

capacitors develop high recovery voltage across the circuit breaker contacts. Series compensated line has a tendency to

cause series resonance, called sub-synchronous resonance of frequencies lower than power frequencies and the effect

of series capacitors is less than that of shunt capacitors in power factor improvement.

35. What will be its capacity when the distance between two plates of a condenser of capacity 8 μF in reduced from 10

mm to 4 mm?

1. 30 μF.

2. 20 μF.

3. 10 μF.

4. 5 μF.

36. The surge impedance of a 3-phase, 132 kV transmission is 750 Ω. The SIL is

1. 12.235 MW.

2. 19.375 MW.

3. 23.232 MW.
 4. 27.257 MW.

37. The magnitude of open circuit and short circuit impedance of a transmission line are 120 ohm and 30 ohm

respectively. The characteristic impedance of line is

1. 62 ohm.

2. 64 ohm.

3. 60 ohm.

4. 67 ohm.

38. The magnitude of open circuit and short circuit impedance of a transmission line are 120 Ω and 20 Ω respectively.

Characteristic impedance of the line (in Ω) is

1. 62.

2. 49.

3. 13.

4. 6.

39. By which of the following system electric power can be transmitted?

1. Overhead system.

2. Underground.

3. Both A and B.

4. None of the above.

For high voltage transmission overhead system is preferred, because it is quite safer and lot of spaces are there in

between two parallel conductors. Underground system is preferred for those areas, where the neat and clean

transmission system is required, like different metro cities.

40. BOTU stands for

1. British Thermal Unit.

2. Board of Thermal Unit.

3. British Oxygen Trade Unit.

4. Board of Trade Unit.

BOTU stands for Board of Trade Unit which is the commercial unit of electrical energy.