The energy source of a passive remote sensing system can be from

A. a laser
B. a powerful torch on the system
C. the Sun
D. a transmitter attached to the system
E. none of the options
ANSWER: C

Which of the following properties of wave can be used to explain the working
principle of optical sensors?
A. Interference
B. Diffraction
C. Reflection
D. Dispersion
E. Refraction
ANSWER: C

The relation between velocity, wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic

radiation can be given as _________
A. λ = c * f
B. λ = c / f
C. λ = c / h
D. λ = h*c / f
E. λ = h*f
ANSWER: B

Which of the following waves is not useful for satellite remote sensing for
Earth observation?
A. Radio wave
B. Gamma ray
C. Visible light
D. Infra-red
E. Microwave
ANSWER: B

Which of the following is not a reason why remote sensing is ideal for use in
geosciences?
A. It will always be more reliable than fieldwork studies.
B. It can be applied at any scale
C. It can monitor change over time
D. It minimizes the need for fieldwork in dangerous, isolated and sensitive
areas
E. It can identify landcovers and river channels
ANSWER: A
Which of the following is an advantage of passive remote sensors over active
remote sensors?
A. They can be used day and night
B. The energy source can be controlled and the radiation can be focused on
the target
C. They are unobtrusive
D. They are more powerful
E. They do not require atmospheric correction
ANSWER: C

In which of the following cases would you NOT use remote sensing?
A. Monitoring geomagnetic storms
B. In situ measurements
C. Tracking volcanic eruptions
D. Monitoring wildfires
E. Mapping inaccessible areas due to rugged topography
ANSWER: B

Which of the following is not an example of remote sensor?

A. Infrared thermometer
B. Speed gun
C. Camera
D. Human eye
E. Stethoscope
ANSWER: E

Which of the following is not a limitation of remote sensing?

A. It is not useful for large area coverage.
B. Instruments used may become uncalibrated.
C. Collection of data and their analysis may be expensive.
D. Emitted radiation by the sensor system may affect the objects being
scanned.
E. It is prone to human error.
ANSWER: A

Which of the following is true in visual remote sensing?

A. Cones are responsible for both coloured vision and gray vision.
B. Cones are very sensitive under low light illumination condition.
C. Rods are sensitive only to the total light intensity.
D. Rods are responsible for coloured vision.
E. Rods are responsible for both coloured and gray visions.
ANSWER: C
Which of the following is not true about visual remote sensing system?
A. Human eye is an example of visual remote sensing system.
B. The sensors do not work in total darkness.
C. They do not require physical contact with the object being observed.
D. The sensors are passive remote sensors.
E. They are sensitive to radio waves.
ANSWER: E

The wavelength region in optical remote sensing includes the following

except _________
A. visible light
B. near infrared
C. shortwave infrared
D. thermal infrared
E. red light
ANSWER: D

Which of the following remote sensing techniques is useful for

measurements of the earth's land and sea surface temperature?
A. Visual remote sensing.
B. Radar remote sensing.
C. Optical remote sensing.
D. Lidar remote sensing.
E. Infrared remote sensing.
ANSWER: E

The advantage of airborne remote sensing over satellite remote is that

airborne remote sensing has
A. higher spatial resolution
B. higher temporal resolution
C. larger coverage
D. higher spectral resolution
E. All the given options
ANSWER: A

Which of the following sensors is acoustic?

A. Antenna
B. Operational Land Imager (OLI)
C. Photodetector
D. Sonar
E. Thermal infrared sensor (TIRS)
ANSWER: D
Which of the following remote sensing platforms is the closest to the ground?
A. Sun-synchronous satellites
B. High altitude aerial remote sensing
C. Space shuttles
D. Polar orbiting satellites
E. Geo-stationary satellites
ANSWER: B

The wavelength of the visible region covers a range of about __________

A. 0.4 – 0.7 micrometer
B. 0.7 – 100 micrometer
C. 0.4 – 3.0 micrometer
D. 3.0 – 100 micrometer
E. 0.1 – 2.22 micrometer
ANSWER: A

Which of the following radiations has the highest energy?

A. Radio wave
B. Ultraviolet
C. Visible light
D. Infrared
E. Microwave
ANSWER: B

Which of the following layers of the atmosphere account for more than 99%
of the total mass of the atmosphere?
A. Troposphere and thermosphere
B. Troposphere and stratosphere
C. Mesosphere and thermosphere
D. Stratosphere and mesosphere
E. stratosphere and thermosphere
ANSWER: B

All atmospheric weather activities occur in the _________

A. thermosphere
B. mesosphere
C. Stratosphere
D. Troposphere
E. Exosphere
ANSWER: D

Atmospheric ozone exists mainly in the ________

A. thermosphere
B. mesosphere
C. Stratosphere
D. Troposphere
E. Exosphere
ANSWER: C

The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is ________

A. Nitrogen
B. Oxygen
C. Water vapour
D. Ozone
E. Carbon dioxide
ANSWER: A

Solid and liquid particulates in the atmosphere include the following except
_______
A. Water vapour
B. Aerosols
C. Ice crytals
D. Water droplets
E. Snow
ANSWER: A

Which of the following is not an atmospheric gas?

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Aerosol
D. Ozone
E. Carbon dioxide
ANSWER: C

The energy of a gaseous molecule can exist in which of the following forms
A. Translational energy
B. Rotational energy
C. Vibrational energy
D. Electronic energy
E. All the given options
ANSWER: E

Which of the following radiations is mostly absorbed in the ozone layer of the
atmosphere?
A. X-ray
B. Visible light
C. Ultraviolet
D. Infrared
E. Microwave
ANSWER: C
When particle sizes are very small compared to the wavelength of incident
radiation, the shorter wavelengths of the radiation are scattered much more
than longer wavelengths. This type of scattering is called
A. Rayleigh scattering
B. Mie scattering
C. Nonselective scattering
D. Raman scattering
E. Compton scattering
ANSWER: A

The sky appears blue during the day as a result of

A. Rayleigh scattering
B. Mie scattering
C. Nonselective scattering
D. Raman scattering
E. Compton scattering
ANSWER: A

Mie scattering occurs when

A. all wavelengths of the radiation are scattered about equally.
B. when particles are very small compared to the wavelength of the radiation
C. when the particles are just about the same size as the wavelength of the
radiation
D. when the particles are much larger than the wavelength of the radiation
E. shorter wavelengths of energy are scattered much more than longer
wavelengths.
ANSWER: C

Which of the following atmospheric constituents does not cause Rayleigh

scattering?
A. Small specks of dust
B. Nitrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Water droplet
E. All of the given options
ANSWER: D

Fog and clouds appear white due to

A. Rayleigh scattering
B. Mie scattering
C. Nonselective scattering
D. Raman scattering
E. Compton scattering
ANSWER: C
Which of the following radiations from sources outside the earth is
completely absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere?
A. Visible light
B. Infrared radiation
C. Microwave
D. Gamma ray
E. Ultraviolet radiation
ANSWER: D

The main atmospheric constituent(s) responsible for infrared absorption are

A. Aerosol
B. Nitrogen and oxygen
C. Ozone
D. Hydrogen
E. Water vapour and carbon dioxide
ANSWER: E

The reflectance spectrum of a material, which serves as a unique signature

for the material, is determined by plotting the fraction of radiation reflected
by the material against
A. the wavelength of the incident radiation.
B. the fraction of emitted radiation by the material.
C. the fraction of absorbed radiation by the material.
D. the size of the material.
E. the energy of the incident radiation.
ANSWER: A

The reflectance of clear water is

A. generally low, maximum at the blue end of the spectrum and decreases
as wavelength increases
B. generally high, maximum at the red end of the spectrum and decreases as
wavelength increases
C. maximum at the blue or red end of the spectrum and increases as
wavelength increases
D. dependent on its composition but generally increases monotonically with
increasing wavelength
E. low in both the blue and red regions of the spectrum but has a peak at the
green region in the visible region and very high in the near infrared region.
ANSWER: A

The reflectance of a landcover is high in the near infrared region but low in
the visible region. If the reflectance in the visible region is lower in the blue
and red regions than in the green region, then the landcover is most likely
A. bare soil
B. clear water
C. vegetation
D. turbid water
E. snow
ANSWER: C

Given a panchromatic (visible) image and a near infrared image, if a ground

area on the images has a bright tone in the near infrared image and a dark
tone in the panchromatic image, this implies that the area most likely
contains
A. bare soil
B. water
C. human
D. vegetation
E. clay
ANSWER: D

Given blue, green, red and near infrared remote sensing images. A very dark
spot on the near infrared image is fairly dark on the blue, green and red
images. This spot is most likely a
A. tall building
B. water body
C. bare soil
D. vegetation
E. forest
ANSWER: B

Which of the following remote sensing images is analog?

A. Landsat
B. Sentinel
C. SPOT
D. ASTER
E. CORONA
ANSWER: E

The pixel value of a digital image represents the

A. location address on the image
B. wavelength of the radiation
C. intensity of the measured quantity
D. size of the image
E. image format
ANSWER: C

An image quantized at 8 bits (i.e. 256 levels) per pixel has lower __________
resolution than an image quantized at 11 bits per pixel.
A. spatial
B. temporal
C. radiometric
D. spectral
E. atmospheric
ANSWER: C

Which of the following remote sensing images has the highest spectral
resolution?
A. Multispectral image
B. Single band image
C. Superspectral image
D. Hyperspectral image
E. Twenty-band image
ANSWER: D

Landsat-8 contains the following spectral bands except

A. blue
B. green
C. red
D. near infrared
E. microwave
ANSWER: E

A 3D image cube is also known as

A. multispectral image
B. single band image
C. superspectral image
D. hyperspectral image
E. panchromatic image
ANSWER: D

The spatial resolution of an image is determined by

A. its pixel size
B. the number of bands it has
C. the frequency of flyovers by the remote sensor platform
D. the number of quantization levels of the image
E. the size of the entire image
ANSWER: A

The spectral resolution of an image is determined by

A. the pixel size and the sensor’s instantaneous field of view
B. the number of bands it has and how narrow the bands are
C. frequency of flyovers by the remote sensor platform
D. the number of quantization levels of the image
E. the size of the entire image
ANSWER: B

Images that have temporal resolution are primarily used for

A. monitoring and change detection
B. large area mapping
C. temporary survey
D. topographic and lithological mapping
E. in site survey
ANSWER: A

The tasks of image interpretation include following except

A. delineation
B. detection
C. mensuration
D. Enumeration
E. calibration
ANSWER: E

The visual element of an image that is used to identify objects based on their
relative brightness or colour is
A. tone
B. pattern
C. association
D. texture
E. shadow
ANSWER: A

While interpreting the image of an urban area, which of the following visual
elements can be used to distinguish between factories and residential
buildings?
A. Tone
B. Pattern
C. Size
D. Shadow
E. Texture
ANSWER: C

The arrangement and frequency of tonal variation in particular areas of an

image implies which visual element?
A. tone
B. size
C. shape
D. texture
E. shadow
ANSWER: D

Orchards with evenly spaced trees and urban streets with regularly spaced
houses in an image are good examples of
A. tone
B. pattern
C. shape
D. texture
E. shadow
ANSWER: B

Natural features and man-made features are typically differentiated in an

image using which of the following visual elements?
A. Shape
B. Shadow
C. Size
D. Pattern
E. tone
ANSWER: A

The position of the sun at the time a passive remote sensing image was
captured can be determined using which of the following visual elements of
the image?
A. Shape
B. Shadow
C. Size
D. Pattern
E. tone
ANSWER: B

By communicating with three or more GPS satellites, a GPS receiver can

pinpoint its location on the Earth using a process called
A. trilateration
B. transmission
C. navigation
D. triangulation
E. translocation
ANSWER: A

Remote sensing satellite is not used for

A. ground water surveys
B. crop yield surveys
C. television broadcasting
D. spying for military purposes
E. weather forecasting and warning services
ANSWER: C

The full meaning of LIDAR is

A. light detection and ranging
B. light detector and radiation
C. light detection of artificial radio-waves
D. light detection and reflection
E. light intensity detector and aperture radar
ANSWER: A

The following are major components of LIDAR system except

A. Laser
B. Scanner and optics
C. Photodetector and receiver electronics
D. Position and navigation systems
E. Thermal infrared sensor
ANSWER: E

Which of the following types of sensor uses a highly focused beam of light?
A. Thermal infrared sensor
B. RADAR
C. LIDAR
D. Sonar
E. Passive optical sensor
ANSWER: C