Computer Number
Systems
Computer Number Systems
• The number system is a way to represent or express
numbers.
• Humans use words and characters to communicate.
We are accustomed to working with numbers, letters,
and words.
• Computer systems cannot handle this kind of data, only
numbers or machine language can be accepted.
• Each object represents a value of a number, and instead
of using the number, we made use of a symbol with an
assigned value to help us solve the problem.
Reading the Key Idea/Stem
• Computers understand numbers differently from humans,
necessitating the need for an entirely other system. Every
time we enter text into a device, the characters are
converted into numbers that only the computer can
comprehend.
• A computer can comprehend a positional number system
which uses a small number of digits depending on their
position in the number that can indicate a variety of
values. A number system is defined as a writing system for
denoting numbers logically using digits or symbols.
Reading the Key Idea/Stem
• The following types of number systems are supported
by computers
• Binary System
• Octal System
• Decimal System
• Hexadecimal System
• Computers represent and modify data using a variety of
different number systems.
Reading the Key Idea/Stem
• For instance, the hexadecimal number system is
frequently used in computer programming, but number
system is used to represent data in computer's memory
and in communications between computer equipment.
• The selection of a number system is determined by the
particular application and needs of the computer
system.
• The number system helps to represent numbers in a
small symbol set.
Reading the Key Idea/Stem
• Computers use binary number systems because it is
the simplest number system to implement using
electronic components.
• A binary system can represent all data and instructions
in a computer as a combination of 0 and 1, which can
be easily represented using electronic switches.
• In computers, there are primarily four types of number
systems.
Binary Number System
•The simplest number system to implement using
electronic components.
•Base 2.
• The binary system uses only two digits: 0 and 1. Each
position in a binary number represents a power of 2.
• Only the "on" and "off" states of a switch may be
understood by a computer.
• Example: 110100
• In the decimal system, which is • In the binary system, which is
also called the base-10 system, also called the base-2 system,
each digit from 0 to 9 each digit from 0 to 1
represents a number. represents a number.
•5 • 101
• 12 • 1100
• GWAPO • 01000111 01010111 01000001
01010000 01001111
11
12
BINARY
What is Binary?
• Binary describes a numbering scheme in which
there are only two possible values for each digit
that is 0 or 1.
• These systems use this code to understand
operational instructions and user input and to
present a relevant output to the user.
• The computer system use binary number system due to computer system
architecture and the micro-architecture of the processor chip.
BINARY CONVERSION
• To fully understand IP addressing, you must be familiar with binary-to-decimal
conversion.
• To find the decimal equivalent of a binary number, you must add the binary values.
• Binary numbers use eight bits to create a byte.
• Each bit in the byte has a certain value, and if a bit is turned on (assigned a value of 1),
then the byte takes on that decimal value.
• Each bit has a value that starts at 1 and doubles in value from right to left.
• Convert 10111101 into Decimal
BINARY TO DECIMAL
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Binary:
Decimal:
15
Octal Number System
Base-8 Place Values Conversion
The octal system uses The place values are Converting between
eight digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 8^0, 8^1, 8^2, and so octal and binary is
4, 5, 6, and 7. Each on, moving from right straightforward. Each
position represents a to left. This system is octal digit can be
power of 8. more concise than represented by three
binary. binary digits.
Decimal Number System
Base-10
The decimal system uses ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
Each position represents a power of 10.
Place Values
The place values are 10^0, 10^1, 10^2, and so on, moving from
right to left. This system is the most familiar to humans.
Conversion
Converting between decimal and other number systems is a
fundamental skill in computer science.
Hexadecimal Number
System
Base-16 Uses sixteen digits: 0-9 and A-F
Place Values 16^0, 16^1, 16^2, and so on
Conversion Easily converted between
binary and decimal
Applications Used in memory addressing
and color representation
