Marine Diesel Engines_______________________________________________ (carburetor andgas engines): In compression ignition, the fuel ignites
with the airduetoh ightemperature causedby compression ofair. In
♦ Highest use ofheat generated during combustion. spark ignition, an external electric sparkis used forignition.
♦ Increased time period before refueling i.e. bunkering. 6) Trunk type engines (4-stroke engines) or Crosshead engines (2-stroke
♦ Increased maneuvering abilities. engines): In trunk type engines, the piston has an extended skirt which
♦ Increased cargo carrying capacity since less space is required for the acts as a guide. In crosshead engines, there is a crosshead which has
boiler, water storage, water consumption; and a smaller size of engine shoes sliding over the crosshead guides.
in comparison to a steam plant and auxiliaries. 7) Single or Multi cylinder: Modem marine engines use 4 to 12 cylinders.
♦ Increased standby reliability.
8) V,W or X pattern of arrangement of the cylinders.
9) Main Propulsion use (Ship ’s propeller drive) or Auxiliary engine use
Disadvantages of Diesel Engines
(power generation & auxiliaries).
♦ High inertia loads due to reciprocating and rotating masses.
10) Low, Medium, and High Speed
♦ High capital cost, complicated design and construction.
Low speed (100 to 350 rpm)
♦ Pressures and temperatures are a lways varyingin the system.
♦ High lube oil costs in medium and high speed engines. Medium speed (350 to)750 rpm))
♦ High idling speed ofcrankshaft and irregular rotation. High speed (750 : to j 2500 rpm).
11) Mean Piston Speed
Classification of I. C. Engines Low speed (4.5 m/s to 7 m/s)
Classification can b e done under various categories: Medium speed (7i m/ssto 10 m/s))
1) 2-stroke or 4-stroke: Usually, 2-stroke is preferred for marine engine High speed (1 03m/ssto315 m/s).
propulsion while 4-stroke is preferred for auxiliary diesel generation. 12) Uni directional (same direction) or Reversible Engines using a
2) Fuel used: Petroleum fuel ( gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil, diesel reversing mechanism.
oil), heavy fuel (motor oil, burner fuel), residual fuels, gaseous fuels 13) Ahead direction in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction.
(natural or producer gas) and mixed fuel (liquid fuel forstarting
combustion andgaseous fuel forrunning).
3) Single or DoubleActing: A single acting engine is one where the upper
part ofthe cylinder is used for combustion. A double acting engine is
one which uses both the upper and lower part of the cylinder
alternatively, e.g. Opposed piston engines.
Internal Combustion Diesel Engines
4) Naturally Aspirated or Supercharged: In naturally aspirated engines,
the piston itselfsucks in air (e.g. 4-stroke engines) or is fed by a
scavenge pump (2-stroke engines). In supercharged engines, air under
pressure is supplied to the cylinder which is pressurizedexternally by
mechanical means oranexhaustblower.
5) Compression Ignition (marine diesel engines) or Spark Ignition
