Mechanical Properties of Fluids

STD 11 Physics Total Marks : 80

* Choose The Right Answer From The Given Options.[1 Marks Each] [20]
1. Surface tension is due to:
(A) Frictional forces between molecules.
(B) Cohesive forces between molecules.
(C) Adhesive forces between molecules.
(D) Both (b) and (c).
2. The Bernauli's Theorem is based on the conservation of:
(A) Mass. (B) Energy. (C) Momentum. (D) All.
3. We have three beakers A, B and C containing three different liquids. They are stirred
vigorously and placed on a table. Then, liquid which is:
(A) Most viscous comes to rest at the earliest.
(B) Most viscous comes to rest at the last.
(C) Most viscous slows down earliest but comes to rest at the last.
(D) All of them come to rest at the same time.
4. According to Bernoulli's equation,
P
+h+
2
1v
= constant. The term,
P
,h and
ρg 2g ρg
2
1v

2g
are generally called respectively:
(A) Gravitational head, pressure head and velocity head.
(B) Gravity, gravitational head and velocity head.
(C) Pressure head, gravitational head and velocity head.
(D) Gravity, pressure and velocity head.
5. Pressure is applied to an enclosed fluid. It is:
(A) Increased and applied to every part of the fluid.
(B) Diminished and transmitted to the walls of the container.
(C) Increased in proportion to the mass of the fluid and then transmitted.
(D) Transmitted unchanged to every portion of the fluid and the walls of container.
6. In figure, pressure inside a spherical drop is more than pressure outside. (S = surface
tension and r = radius of bubble):

The extra surface energy if radius of bubble is increased by Δr is:

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 (A) 4πrS (B) 8πrΔrS (C) 2πrΔrS (D) 10πrΔrS

7. Which of the following diagrams does not represent a streamline flow?

8. In a container having water filled upto a height h, a hole is made in the bottom, the
velocity of water following out of the hole is:
(A) Independent of h. (B) Proportional to h.
1
(D) Proportional to ho.
(C) Proportional to h 2

9. A capillary tube A is dipped in water. Another identical tube B is dipped in soap-water

solution. Which of the following shows the relative nature of the liquid columns in the
two tubes?
(A) (B)

(C)

(D)

10. In a streamline flow:

(A) The speed of a particle always remains same.
(B) The velocity of a particle always remains same.
(C) The kinetic energies of all the particles arriving at a given point are the same.
(D) The potential energies of all the particles arriving at a given point are the same.
11. Application of Bernaull's Theorem can be seen in:
(A) Dynamic lift of (B) Hydraullic press. (C) Helicopter. (D) None of the
aeroplane. above.
12. As the temperature of water increases, its viscosity:
(A) Remains unchanged.
(B) Decreases.
(C) Increases.
(D) Increases or decreases depending on the external pressure.
13. The density of water at 4°C is:
(A) 1.0 × 103 kg m-3 (B) 4 × 102 kg m-3
(C) 6 × 103 kg m-3 (D) 3.2 × 103 kg m-3

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14. Reynold's number (Re) can be defined as:
(A)
ρη
(B)
vd
(C)
ρvd
(D) dρ
v

η
vd ρ
ηd

15. A tall cylinder is filled with viscous oil. A round pebble is dropped from the top with zero
initial velocity. From the plot shown in indicate the one that represents the velocity (v) of
the pebble as a function of time (t):

16. Radius of a soap bubble is increased from R to 2R. Work done in this process in terms of
surface tension is:
(A) 24π R S
2
(B) 2
48π R S (C) 12π R S
2
(D) 36π R S
2

17. Streamline flow is more likely for liquids with:

(A) High density. (B) High viscosity.
(C) Low density. (D) Low viscosity.
18. What is the shape when a non-wetting liquid in displaced in a capillary tube?
(A) Concave upwards. (B) Convex upwards.
(C) Concave downwards. (D) Convex downwards.
19. When a large bubble rises from the bottom of a lake to the surface, its radius doubles.
One atmosphere is equal to that of a column of water of height H. The depth of the lake
is:
(A) H. (B) 2H. (C) 7H. (D) 8H
20. For a ball falling in a liquid with constant velocity, ratio of resistance force due to the
liquid to that due to gravity is:
(A) 1 2
2
a ρg
(B) 9 2
η

2
2
a (ρ−σ)g (D) None of these.
(C) 9 η

* Given Section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [26]

21. Explain why
A drop of liquid under no external forces is always spherical in shape.

22. Explain why

Water on a clean glass surface tends to spread out while mercury on the same surface
tends to form drops. (Put differently, water wets glass while mercury does not.)
23. Explain why
To keep a piece of paper horizontal, you should blow over, not under, it.

24. Water flows through a horizontal pipe of radius 1cm at a speed of 2ms-1 , what should be
the diameter of its nozzle if the water is to come out at a speed of 10ms?

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25. If the excess pressure inside a spherical soap bubble of radius 1cm is balanced by that
due to a column of oil of specific gravity 0.9, 1.36mm high. Calculate the surface
tension.
26. It is advised not to stand near a running train. Why?
27. A hole of area 4cm2 is formed in the side of a ship 2.4m below the water level. What
minimum force is required to hold on a patch covering the hole from the inside of the
ship? Given that density of sea water = 1.03 × 103kg m-3 .

28. A liquid drop of radius 4mm breaks into 1000 identical drops. Find the change in surface
energy. S = 0.07Nm-1 .
29. What should be the maximum average velocity of water in a tube of diameter 2cm so
that flow is laminar? The viscosity of water is 0.001Nm-2 s.

30. In a horizontal pipe line of uniform area of cross section, the pressure falls by 8N-m2
between two points separated by a distance of 1km. What is the change in kinetic
energy per kg of the oil flowing at these points? Density of oil is 806kg-m-3 .

31. A liquid drop breaks into 27 small drops. If surface tension of the liquid is S, then find
the energy released.

32. Two soap bubbles of radii 6cm and 8cm coalesce to form a single bubble. Find the
radius of the new bubble.
33. Derive an expression for the excess of pressure inside an air bubble.

* Given Section consists of questions of 3 marks each. [30]

34. A hydraulic automobile lift is designed to lift cars with a maximum mass of 3000kg. The
area of cross-section of the piston carrying the load is 425cm2 . What maximum
pressure would the smaller piston have to bear?

35. A U-tube contains water and methylated spirit separated by mercury. The mercury
columns in the two arms are in level with 10.0cm of water in one arm and 12.5cm of
spirit in the other. What is the specific gravity of spirit?

36. In a test experiment on a model aeroplane in a wind tunnel, the flow speeds on the
upper and lower surfaces of the wing are 70m s–1 and 63m s-1 respectively. What is the
lift on the wing if its area is 2.5m2 ? Take the density of air to be 1.3kg m–3 .

37. A tank 5m high is half-filled with water and then filled to the top with oil of density
0.85g/cc. What is the pressure at the bottom of the tank due to these liquids?
38. A liquid is in streamlined flow through a tube of non uniform cross-section. Prove that
sum of its kinetic energy, pressure energy and potential energy per unit volume remain
constant.
39. Show that terminal velocity V of a spherical object of radius r, density ρ falling vertically
through a viscous fluid of density σ and coefficient of viscosity n is given by:

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 2
2 (ρ−σ)r g
V =
9 η

40. Water rises to a height of 10cm in a certain capillary tube. The level of mercury in the
same tube is depressed by 3.42cm. Compare the surface tensions of water and
mercury. Specific gravity of mercury is 13.6g/cc and angle of contact for water and
mercury are zero and 135° respectively.
41. State Pascal's law. Explain the working of hydraulic lift.
42. 1
−1
Two exactly similar rain drops falling with terminal velocity of (2) 3
ms coalesce to
form a bigger drop. Find the terminal velocity of the bigger drop.

43. What is the pressure inside the drop of mercury of radius 3.00mm at room
temperature? Surface tension of mercury at that temperature (20°C) is 4.65 × 10–1 N m–
1.The atmospheric pressure is 1.01 × 105Pa. Also give the excess pressure inside the
drop.

* Case study based questions [4]

44. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 3.
Bernoulli's Theorem It states that for the streamline flow of an ideal liquid through a
tube, the total energy (the sum of pressure energy, the potential energy and kinetic
energy) per unit volume remains constant at every cross-section throughout the tube.
1 2
P + pgh +
2
pv = constant
2
P 1 v
or pg
+h+
g
= another constant
2

P
Here, pg
= pressure head;
2
1 v
h = potential head and velocity head.
2 g

If the liquid is flowing through a horizontal tube, then h is constant, then according to
Bernoulli’s theorem,
2
P 1 v

pg
+
2 g
constant
Bernoulli’s theorem is based on law of conser - vation of energy.
i. Bernoulli’s equation for steady, non-viscous, incompressible flow expresses
the:
a. Conservation of linear momentum
b. Conservation of angular momentum
c. Conservation of energy
d. Conservation of mass
ii. Applications of Bernoulli’s theorem can be seen in:
a. Dynamic lift of aeroplane
b. Hydraulic press
c. Helicopter
d. None of these
iii. A tank filled with fresh water has a hole in its bottom and water is flowing out of
it. If the size of the hole is increased, then:
a. The volume of water flowing out per second will decrease.
b. The velocity of outflow of water remains unchanged.
c. The volume of water flowing out per second remains zero.
d. Both (b) and (c)

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