MADURAI SAHODAYA SCHOOLS COMPLEX

PRE BOARD EXAMINATION

ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-2025
MARKING SCHEME

GRADE :X SUBJECT CODE:086

MAX MARKS :80 SUBJECT : Science

1. C 1

2. B 1

3. B 1

4. C 1

5. B 1

6. C 1

7. B 1

8. A 1

9. B 1

10. C 1

11. A 1

12. D 1

13. D 1

14. A 1

15. C 1

16. D 1

17. D 1

18. C 1

19. C 1
 20. A 1

2
21. Sodium chloride and hydrogen gas are formed. (1)
2Na +2HCl → 2NaCl + H2 (1)

22. The two different ways by which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in 2
human body are:
(i) Aerobic respiration (In the presence of oxygen): The end products in aerobic
respiration are carbon dioxide, water and energy. (1)
(ii) Anaerobic respiration (In the lack of oxygen): The end products are lactic
acid and energy. (1)
23. Tissue fluid is also called lymph. (1) 2
The functions of tissue fluid are:
(i) It carries digested and absorbed fat from intestine. (0.5)
(ii) It drains excess fluid from extracellular space back into blood. (0.5)

24. (a) The characteristics of the image formed: (1) 2

(i) It is real. (ii) It is inverted (iii) It is enlarged.
(b) We get the magnification of object, m = - 1 at the position 2F1. (1)
25. (a) If the potential difference across the two ends of a conductor is 1 V and the 2
current through it is 1 A,
then the resistance R, of the conductor is said to be 1 Ω. (1)
(b) Given, potential difference V = 2 V Current, = 0.5 A Using Ohm's law,
V = IR (0.5)
R=V/I = 2/0.2= 4Ω (0.5)
26. (i) Crop fields are the artificial ecosystems because in crop fields, both biotic 2
(living) and abiotic (non-living) components are manipulated by human beings.
Humans can change edaphic factors by adding fertilisers, water, etc. Biotic
components may be changed using biocides or adding useful organisms like
earthworms etc. (1)
(ii) A food chain consists of various organism at various trophic levels. In
terrestrial ecosystem, a common food chain is
Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake (1)
27. (i) Calcium carbonate is abundant in earth's crust and calcium hydroxide is 3
used in white washing. Hence, metal X is calcium (Ca). (1)
(ii) CaCO3 is strongly heated in the absence of air to get the metal oxide. This
process is called calcination. (1)
(1)
28. (a) The compound P is calcium phosphate. (1) 3
(b) Eating chocolates and sweets produce large amount of acid in the mouth
which is not completely neutralised by the saliva produced in the mouth. Excess acid
attacks the enamel and tooth decay starts as pH of the mouth falls below 5.5.
 (1)
The best way to prevent tooth decay is to clean the teeth by using toothpastes after
eating food. Toothpastes which are generally basic neutralise the excess acid in the
mouth. (1)
29. (a) Differences between transport in xylem and transport in phloem are as 3
follows:

(1.5)
(b) Significance of transpiration in plants:
(i) The absorbed water is transported from roots to leaves through xylem
vessels which is greatly influenced by transpiration pull.
(ii) The water stream moving upwards carries dissolved minerals with it.
Transpiration also helps in distributing these minerals throughout the
plant.
(iii) The evaporation of water during transpiration provide cooling effect to
the leaves. (1.5)
OR
The functions of human heart are as follows: (3)
 Heart maintains the blood pressure.
 Heart pumps vital substances and nutrients to different body parts.
 Heart pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the whole body and CO2-rich blood to
the lungs for purification.
 Heart is responsible for removing metabolic waste such as CO2 from all the
tissue of the body. The heart of human beings consists of two sides - right and
left. The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood and sends it
further for purification to lungs. The left side of heart receives oxygenated
blood from the lungs which is pumped further and sent to all the parts of the
body through blood vessels. This is called double circulation.
 The energy demands for human beings is too high and hence the separation of
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood is necessary to meet high energy
demands.
30. (a) F1 progeny will have green stemmed tomato plants as green is dominant 3
over purple stemmed tomato plants. (1)
(b) If F₁ plants are self pollinated, then the percentage of purple stemmed plant
in F2 progeny will be 25%. (1)
 (c) The ratio between GG and gg plants in the F2 progeny is 1:1. (1)
31. Student is suffering from myopia. (1) 3

The two possible reasons due to which the defect of vision arises are:
excessive curvature of the eye lens and elongation of the eye ball.
A student with myopia has the far point nearer than infinity, thus, the
image of a distant object is formed in front of the retina.

(1)
Correction of myopia: This defect can be corrected by using a concave
lens of suitable power as it brings the image back on to the retina, thus
the defect is corrected.

(1)

32. (a) Two disadvantages of using a series circuit in homes: 3

(i) If all devices are connected in series, the greater's the resistance.
(ii) If a device have faulted then all devices of home stop working. (1)
(b)
Now, equivalent resistance between A and B

We know that 6 Ω and 4 Ω are in series, then R1 = 6 Ω + 4 Ω = 10 and 3Ω and

3Ω are in series, R3 = 3Ω+3Ω=6Q Now equivalent resistance between A and B,

(2)
33. (a) Strength of magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid depends 3
upon the following factors:
(i) number of turns in the coil
(ii) amount of current flowing through it
(iii) radius of coil
(iv) material of core of the solenoid. (1.5)
(b) A strong magnetic field produced inside a solenoid can be used to magnetise a
piece of magnetic material, like soft iron, when placed inside the coil. The magnet
so formed is called an electromagnet.

(1.5)
34. When ethanol is heated with excess of concentrated H2SO4 it gets dehydrated 5
to form ethene.

(2)
When ethene is heated with hydrogen in presence of nickel catalyst it forms
ethane.

(2)
 Ethane on oxidation gives two moles of carbon dioxide and three moles of water.

(1)
Or
(a) As the molecular mass of 'Y' is 30 g mol¹, it is ethane
(C2H6 = 12 × 2 + 6 × 1 = 30). 'X' is ethene (CH2 = CH2) which decolourises
Br₂-water and burns with a smoky flame. (2)

(2)

(c) No, we are not able to check if water is hard by using a detergent as detergent
works well in hard water as well. This is because calcium and magnesium salts of
detergents are soluble in water and hence, detergents can be used for washing even
in hard water. (1)
35. (a) A - Ureter B - Seminal vesicle C - Urethra D - Vas deferens (1) 5
(b) Testes produce male sex hormone testosterone. Hormone testosterone
brings about the development of secondary sexual characters during puberty in
boys like growth of facial hair, deepening of voice, build up of muscle mass and
also regulates formation of sperms. (2)
(c) Seminal vesicles (B) release its contents into the ejaculatory duct during
ejaculation. Urethra (C) carries sperms from the vas deferens through the penis. (2)
OR
(a) (i) The ovaries in female are primary sex organs (or female gonads) which
perform the dual function - production of female gametes (eggs or ova) and
secretion of female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
(ii) Oviducts or fallopian tube are paired tubes originating near the ovaries
of their respective sides and extend upto uterus. The terminal part of fallopian
tube is funnel-shaped with finger-like projections called fimbriae lying near
ovary. Fimbriae pick up the ovum released from ovary and push it into
fallopian tube. Fertilisation also takes place in the oviduct. (1.5)
(b) (i) As the ovary releases one egg every month, the uterus also prepares
itself, every month to receive fertilised egg by making its lining thick and spongy to
nourish the zygote if fertilisation takes place.
 (ii) When the female gamete/egg is not fertilised, this lining is not needed
any longer. So, the lining slowly breaks and comes out through vagina as blood
and mucus through menstrual cycle that takes place every month. (1.5)
(c) Placenta performs the following functions:
(i) All nutritive elements from maternal blood pass into the fetus
through it. (ii) Placenta helps in respiration i.e., supply of oxygen and
removal of CO2 from fetus to maternal blood.
(iii) Fetal excretory products diffuse out into maternal blood through
placenta and are excreted by mother.
(iv) Placenta also secretes various hormones during pregnancy. (2)
36. (i) It states that the potential difference V, across the ends of a given metallic 5
wire in an electric circuit is directly proportional to the current flowing through
it, provided its temperature remains the same. Mathematically, where R is
resistance of the conductor.
V∞I
V=IR

(2)
(ii) To measure the entire current passing through the circuit, the ammeter should have
low resistance.

(1)
(iii) RS = R1+R₂ = Maximum resistance
So, RA > RB Thus, A shows series combination and B shows parallel combination. (2)
OR
Let the resistance of the wire be R, heat produced in the fuse at 5 A in 1s is
H = (5)²R ( H = 12Rt) (1)
So, fuse melts at (5)²R joules of heat.
Let, the resistance of new wire is R' So, heat produced in 1 second = (10)²R' (1)
To prevent it from melting ..

(1)
cross-sectional area of new fuse wire is four times the first fuse. Now, A = πr²,
so new radius is twice the previous one. (1)
So, at 10A, the new fuse wire of same material and length has larger radius than the
earlier one. (1)
37. 1. (ii) Group C Group A (1) 4
2. (i) using litmus paper (ii) using universal indicator (1)
3. Copper reacts with moist carbon dioxide in air to form copper carbonate and
as a result, copper vessel loses its shiny brown surface forming a green layer of
copper carbonate. The citric acid present in the lemon juice neutralises the
 basic copper carbonate and dissolves the layer. That is why, tarnished copper
vessels are cleaned with sour substances like lemon juice to give the surface of
the copper vessel its characteristic lustre. (2)
OR
(i) Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than 5.5.
(ii) Our body works within the pH range of 7.0 to 7.8. (2)

38. 1. A-Cerebrum: B-Spinal cord C-Medulla; D – Cerebellum (1) 4

2. It prevents the brain from mechanical shocks. (1)
3. Pituitary gland (2)
OR
The brain and spinal cord constitute the central nervous system. (2)
39. 1. M₂ because it gives an erect and diminished image. (1) 4

(1+2)
OR
When object is at C of M, (concave mirror), image is formed at C, i.e.,
v=-C=-2f Hence, distance between image and pole is 2f. (2)