1. Emilio Aguinaldo 1899–1901 2. Manuel L.

Quezon, 1935–1944

After 34 years of Insular Government under

Ang isang paraan ng paggunita sa unang pangulo
American rule, Philippine voters elected Manuel
ng Pilipinas Unang Republika ay ang pagtingin sa Luis Quezon as the first president of the
limang pisong barya. Ang mukha ni Heneral Emilio Commonwealth of the Philippines. He is known
as the “Father of National Language” (Ama ng
Aguinaldo ay ginamit sa limang pisong perang Wikang Pambansa). He died of tuberculosis in
papel—hindi na ginagamit—at sa likod ng perang Saranac Lake, New York.
papel ay makikita na hawak niya ang watawat ng
Pilipinas sa pagdiriwang ng Araw ng Kalayaan ng
Pilipinas. Contributions and Achievements

Una (at tanging) pangulo ng Unang • First Senate president elected as

Republika (Republika ng Malolos) President of the Philippines
• First president elected through a
Nilagdaan ang Kasunduan sa Biak-na- national election
Bato, na nagpapahinto ng labanan sa pa • First president under the
Commonwealth
gitan ng mga rebolusyonaryo ng
• Created National Council of Education
Espanya at Pilipinas • Initiated women’s suffrage in the
Kilala bilang Pangulo ng Pamahalaang Philippines during the Commonwealth
Rebolusyonaryo • Approved Tagalog/Filipino as the
national language of the Philippines
Pinangunahan ang Pilipinas sa • Appears on the 20-peso bill
Digmaang PilipinoEspanyol at • A province, a city, a bridge and a
university in Manila are named after him
s a D i g m a a n g Pilipino-Amerikano
• His body lies within the special
Pinakabatang pangulo sa edad na 28 monument on Quezon Memorial Circle
May pinakamahabang buhay na
presidente, nasawi sa edad na 94
3. José P. Laurel, 1943–1945 4. Sergio Osmeña, 1944–1946

José P. Laurel's presidency is controversial. Sergio Osmeña was the second president of
He was officially the government's caretaker the Commonwealth. During his presidency,
during the Japanese occupation of World the Philippines joined the International
War II. Criticized as a traitor by some, his Monetary Fund.
indictment for treason was superseded later
by an amnesty proclamation in 1948.
Contributions and Achievements

Contributions and Achievements • First Visayan to become president

• Joined with U.S. General Douglas
• Since the early 1960s, Laurel McArthur in Leyte on October 20,
considered a legitimate president of 1944 to begin restoration of
the Philippines Philippine freedom after Japanese
• Organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa occupation
Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas, or • Philippine National Bank was
Association for Service to the New rehabilitated and the country joined
Philippines), a provisional the International Monetary Fund
government during Japanese during his presidency
occupation • Bell Trade Act was approved by the
• Declared Martial Law and war U.S. Congress during his
between the Philippines and the presidency
U.S./United Kingdom in 1944 • Appears on the 50-peso bill
• With his family, established the
Lyceum of the Philippines
5. Manuel Roxas, 1946–1948 6. Elpidio Quirino, 1948–1953

Manuel Roxas was the fifth president of the Elpidio Quirino served as vice president
Philippines, the third (and last) president under Manuel Roxas. When Roxas died in
under the Commonwealth, and the first 1948, Quirino became president.
president of the Third Republic of the
Philippines. He held office for only one year,
10 months, and 18 days.
Contributions and Achievements

• Hukbalahap guerrilla movement

Contributions and Achievements active during his presidency
• Created Social Security
• Inaugurated as the first president of Commission
the new Republic after World War II • Created Integrity Board to monitor
• Reconstruction from war damage graft and corruption
and life without foreign rule began • Quezon City became capital of the
during his presidency Philippines in 1948
• Under his term, the Philippine
Rehabilitation Act and Philippine
Trade Act laws were accepted by
Congress
• Appears on the 100-peso bill
7. Ramon Magsaysay, 1953–1957 8. Carlos P. Garcia, 1957–1961

Ramon Magsaysay was born in Iba, A lawyer, poet, and teacher, Carlos P. Garcia
Zambales. He was a military governor and also served as a guerrilla leader during the
an engineer. He died in an aircraft disaster Pacific War. Born in Bohol, Garcia serviced
while boarding the presidential plane. as vice president under Ramon Magsaysay
and as secretary of Foreign Affairs for four
years. He became president when
Magsaysay died in 1957.
Contributions and Achievements

• Hukbalahap movement quelled

during his presidency Contributions and Achievements
• Chairman of the Committee on
Guerrilla Affairs • Known for “Filipino First Policy,”
• First president sworn into office which favored Filipino businesses
wearing Barong Tagalog during over foreign investors
inauguration • Established the Austerity Program
• Presidency referred to as the focusing on Filipino trade and
Philippines' "Golden Years" for its commerce
lack of corruption • Known as the “Prince of Visayan
• Philippines was ranked second in Poets” and the “Bard from Bohol”
Asia’s clean and well-governed • Cultural arts was revived during his
countries during his presidency term
• Established National Resettlement • First president to have his remains
and Rehabilitation Administration buried at the Libingan ng mga
(NARRA) among other agrarian Bayani
reforms
9. Diosdado Macapagal, 1961–1965 10. Ferdinand Marcos, 1965–1986

Born in Lubao, Pampanga, Diosdado Born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Ferdinand

Macapagal was a lawyer and professor. His Edralin Marcos was a lawyer and Senate
daughter Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the President for three years. He was president
14th and second female president of the for 21 years. He ruled under martial law and
Philippines. his dictatorship was known for its
corruption and brutality. Marcos was
removed from office after the People Power
Revolution.
Contributions and Achievements

• Established the first Land Reform

Law, allowing for the purchase of Contributions and Achievements
private farmland to be distributed in
small, inexpensive lots to the • First president to win a second term
landless • Declared Martial Law on Sept. 22,
• Placed the Philippine peso on the 1972
currency exchange market • Increased the size of Philippine
• Declared June 12, 1898 to be military and armed forces
Philippines’ Independence Day • By 1980 the Philippine GNP was four
• Signed the Minimum Wage Law times greater than 1972
• Created the Philippine Veterans • By 1986 the Philippines was one of
Bank the most indebted countries in Asia
• Built more schools, roads, bridges,
hospitals, and other infrastructure
than all former presidents combined
• Only president whose remains are
interred inside a refrigerated crypt
11. Corazon Aquino, 1986–1992

The first woman president of the Philippines • Initiated charitable and social
and the first woman to become president of activities helping the poor and the
an Asian country, Corazon Aquino was born needy
in Paniqui, Tarlac. She was a prominent • Named “Woman of the Year” in 1986
figure in the People Power Revolution that by Time magazine
brought down Ferdinand Marcos'
• On the new 500-peso bill together
dictatorship.
with her husband Benigno Aquino

Her husband, Benigno Aquino Jr., was a

senator during the Marcos regime and its Honors and Awards
strongest critic. He was assassinated while
Marcos was still in power. • 100 Women Who Shaped World
History
• 20 Most Influential Asians of the
Contributions and Achievements 20th Century
• 65 Great Asian Heroes
• First woman to be president of the • J. William Fulbright Prize for
Philippines or any Asian country International Understanding
• Restored democracy
• Abolished the 1973 Marcos
Constitution and ushered in the new
Constitution of the Philippines
• Reorganized the structure of the
executive branch of government
• Signed the Family Code of 1987, a
major civil law reform, and 1191
Local Government Code, which
reorganized the structure of the
executive branch of government
12. Fidel V. Ramos, 1992–1998 13. Joseph Estrada, 1998–2001

Fidel V. Ramos was the chief-of-staff of the Known as "Erap," Joseph Estrada was the
Armed Forces of the Philippines before he first president who had been a famous film
became president. He was also a civil actor. His presidency was controversial.
engineer. As president, he restored During his years in office, economic growth
economic growth and stability in the was slow and he faced impeachment
country, even during the Asian Financial proceedings. He was ousted from the
Crisis in 1997. He is the first, and so far only, presidency in 2001. He was later convicted
non-Catholic president of the Philippines. of stealing from the government but was
pardoned. He ran unsuccessfully for
president in 2010.
Contributions and Achievements
Contributions and Achievements
• Oversaw Philippine economic growth
• Presided over celebrations of Philippine
• During his presidency Moro Islamic
Independence Centennial in 1998
Liberation Front headquarters and
• Received British Knighthood from the camps were captured
United Kingdom by Queen Elizabeth II • Joined other leaders and politicians
(Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. to try to amend the 1987
Michael and St. George) Constitution
• Hosted the fourth Asia Pacific Economic • Cited as one of the Three
Cooperation Leader's Summit in the Outstanding Senators in 1989
Philippines in 1996 • Among the “Magnificent 12” who
• Philippine Stock Exchange became an voted to terminate the agreement
international favorite during his that allows for U.S. control of Clark
presidency Airbase and Subic Naval Base
• Death penalty reinstated while he was in
office
• Signed peace agreement with the rebel
Moro National Liberation Front
14. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 2001–2010

• Ex-classmate of former U.S.

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the 14th
President Bill Clinton at Georgetown
president of the Philippines (and second
University’s Walsh School of
female president). The Oakwood Mutiny
Foreign Service, where she
occurred during her term. Arroyo oversaw
maintained dean’s list status
road and infrastructure improvements and
higher economic growth than presidents • Oversaw higher economic growth
before her, but there was also controversy. than the past three presidents
before her
• Peso became the best-performing
The so-called "Hello Garci" controversy currency of the year in Asia in 2007
involved recordings that allegedly captured • eVAT Law was implemented under
Arroyo ordering the rigging of the election her term
that put her in office. In 2005, Arroyo faced • Currently on the 200-peso bill
impeachment proceedings related to the
recordings but the impeachment failed.
After she had left office, Arroyo faced
additional charges of election fraud and
misuse of state funds.

Contributions and Achievements

• Second female president of the

country
• First and only female vice-president
of the Philippines so far
• First president to take oath outside
Luzon
• Former Economics professor at the
Ateneo de Manila University, where
later president Benigno Aquino III
was one of her students
15. Benigno Aquino III, 2010–2016

Benigno Aquino III joined the House of • Renamed the Office of the Press

Representatives and the Senate before his Secretary to Presidential

presidency. He was the first bachelor Communications Operations Office

president, as he was unmarried and had no and appointed new officers

children. • Suspended allowances and

bonuses to Government Owed and

Contributions and Achievements Controlled Corporation and

Government Financial Institution

• Created the no "wang-wang" (street
board members
siren) policy
• Oversaw 7.1% growth of the
• Appointed statesman Jesse
Philippine economy in 2012
Robredo to serve as secretary of

Interior and Local Government in

2010, where Robredo served until

his death in 2012

• Initiated K-12 education in the

Philippines
16. Rodrigo Duterte, 2016–2022

Before he became president, Rodrigo • Initiated an economic policy called

Duterte was a member of the House of "DuterteNomics," which focused on

Representatives and later the mayor of developing infrastructure and

Davao City. He had a long history of making industry
inflammatory remarks about human rights,

his fellow international leaders, the Catholic • In December 2017, signed the TRAIN
Church, and other controversial subjects. Law (Tax Reform for Acceleration

and Inclusion) in an attempt to

Contributions and Achievements
simplify the country's tax system

• Oldest person to assume the office

of presidency at the age of 71
• Spearheaded the Build! Build! Build!

infrastructure program to stimulate

• In July of 2016, a Pulse Asia
Research survey found that Duterte the economy and reduce poverty
had a trust rating of 91%.
17. Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos, 2022–
Present

Contributions and Achievements

Bongbong Marcos is the son of former

president Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda • After he took the oath of office of
president, Marcos appointed himself
Marcos. In 1966, young Bongbong and his Secretary of Agriculture to
personally monitor and expand food
sister Imee were two of the children waiting and agricultural programs.
for the Beatles to attend a reception at the
• One of his first executive actions
palace in a miscommunication between was to abolish the Presidential Anti-
Corruption Commission.
their mother and the band that later became

known as the "Manila incident." • Starting in August 2022, the Marcos

administration has been exploring
ways to boost the country's military
capabilities.
Before becoming president, Bongbong was

the governor of Ilocos Norte, a member of • Marcos has also been seeking ways
to strengthen education and the
the House of Representatives, and a economy, which were both
compromised during the COVID-19
senator.
pandemic.

• On the international stage,

Bongbong Marcos is considered
relatively pro-American but seems
open to closer ties with China.