By
Dr. Ahmed Ghandour
HEALTH MANAGEMENT
HEALTH MANAGEMENT
Definition:
1. It is achievement of goals through the work of people
and within the available resources.
2. It is the process of achieving predetermined objective.
Health administration is regarded as synonymous with
health management but it is more concerned with policy
formulation and assuring their implementation.
ELEMENTS OF HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
POSDCORBE
P = planning التخطيط
O = organization التنظيم
S = staffing تكوين طاقم التنفيذ
definitions
D = directing التوجية important
Co = cooperation التعاون for quiz
R = reporting التقرير
B = budgeting الميزانية
E = evaluation التقييم
The health management include 3 process
forming a continuous cycle called:
Management cycle
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
PLANNING
Definition:
It is a scientific process for proper direction of
available resources in order to achieve objectives.
Planning is a part of circular process containing
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
MAIN STEPS OF HEALTH PROGRAM PLANNING
1. Situation analysis
2. Problem analysis
3. Setting objectives
4. Formulating strategies
5. Putting plan of action
1- SITUATION ANALYSIS
Situation analysis is carried out to show:
Past trends
Present situation
Future forecasts
Identifying problems
It includes the following aspects:
Assessment of health policies
Analysis of social, economic, demographic, health
& epidemiological situations
money & material &
Analysis of health resources: 3M man power
Analysis of health services (Accessibility –
utilization – availability )
Determining of population needs and demands
Determining of attitude of the public
2- PROBLEM ANALYSIS
Steps of problem analysis:
1. Identifying problems:
- Proper statement of the problem
- Prepare 3 lists of problem
a. Health problem
b. Environmental problem
c. Administrative problem
2. Determining priorities of the problems:
It depends on:
Magnitude of the problem → prevalence –
morbidity - mortality
Nature of the problem → emergency, acute,
chronic.
Effect / impact of the problem
Cost of solution of the problem
3. Quantitative description of priority problem
It should cover numerical description of the following
aspects:
Current magnitude of the problems
Direct and indirect cause of the problems
Effect of the problem
Predicted magnitude of the problems after 5 to 10
years → taking in consideration the expected
changes in the causes of the problem.
3. SETTING OBJECTIVES
Characteristics of proper objective:
SMART:
S = Specific (to avoid different interpretation)
M = Measurable
A = Applicable (practical)
R = Relevant (realistic)
T = Time limited (time – bound)
4- FORMULATING STRATEGIES
Strategy → is broad lines of actions required to
give effect to the objective.
Health strategy → is a group of health actions
or technical / administrative actions related to
health which are organized together in order to
achieve a specific objective through proper use
of available resources.
5- PUTTING PLAN OF ACTION
It includes all the required actions for achieving
the objective.
The plan of action should give clear and specific
answers to the following questions: [7W]:
1. What are the actions we want to do in order to
achieve the objective?
2. To whom the actions, activities or procedures will
be directed (target population)?
3. Where the actions, or procedures will be done, (at
the community / health centre or school)?
4. What are the results expected after
completion of a certain action?
5. When the actions, activities or procedures will
be started and when will be ended?
6. Who will be responsible for implementation of
the actions, activities or procedures?
7. What are the resources needed to implement
the selected activities?
TYPES OF PLANNING
1. population based planning (national-comprehensive):
It is done by MOHP → to study the existing resources in
order to know does it meet the populations demands in
the future. → for all population زي الخطة الخمسية
2. Institutional planning:
As planning to improve the quality of health care units in
the rural areas.
3. Program based planning:
These are special types of program with specific
objectives e.g., EPI (expanded program of immunization)
Polio eradication program ….etc. the program targets
part of the population.
Program based planning is 2 type:
a. Growing:
It means implementation of the program
is started in limited areas → then → expansion
after ensuring the success e.g., family medicine.
b. Constant (bicycle):
It means implementation of the program
is started in all areas e.g., evaluative program.
