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MCA Computer Graphics Lab Report

The document is a practical file submitted by a student named Kushal for the Computer Graphics & Multimedia course in the MCA 1st semester. It includes various programming tasks such as drawing basic graphics, creating animations, implementing a digital clock, and simulating a bouncing ball, along with their source codes. The document serves as a certification of completion for the lab course requirements.

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Abhinav Methi
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27 views32 pages

MCA Computer Graphics Lab Report

The document is a practical file submitted by a student named Kushal for the Computer Graphics & Multimedia course in the MCA 1st semester. It includes various programming tasks such as drawing basic graphics, creating animations, implementing a digital clock, and simulating a bouncing ball, along with their source codes. The document serves as a certification of completion for the lab course requirements.

Uploaded by

Abhinav Methi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DPG School of Technology & Management

(A unit of DPG Degree College,Sec-34,Gurugram)


(Affiliated to MDU. Rohtak)
Recognized 2(f) by UGC & Accredited with 'A' Grade by NAAC

Master of Computer Applica on 1st Semester


Session 2024-2026

Computer Graphics & Mul media


(20MCA21CL1 based on paper 20MCA21C3)

Submitted To: Submitted by: KUSHAL


Mr. Aadi Student I’d no: 145793
(Assistant Professor)
1

Cer ficate

This is to certify that KUSHAL S/o Mr. Rajesh kumar has


submi ed a prac cal file for fulfilment of MCA 1st semester lab course for
Computer Graphics & Mul media.

Submitted To: Submitted By: kushal

Mr. Aadi Student I'd no: 145793

(Assistant Professor)
2

INDEX
[Link] Programs [Link] REMARKS

Write a Program to draw basic


1 graphics construc on like line, circle, 1-4
arc, ellipse, and rectangle.

Write a program to draw anima on


2 using increasing circles filled with 5-8
different colors and pa erns.

Program to make sccreen saver that


display different size circles filled with
3 9-11
different colors and at random
places.

Write a func on to make a moving 12-


4
car using inbuilt func ons. 15

Write a program to implement digital 16-


5
clock. 17

Write a program to implement 18-


6
bouncing ball in ver cal direc on. 20

Write a program of
21-
7 transla on,rota on and scaling using
24
composite transforma ons.

Write a program to draw Bezier 25-


8
curve. 27

Program to rotate a rectangle about 28-


9
its midpoint. 31

Program to clip a line using Liang 32-


10
Barsky method. 36
3

Program 1
Write a program to draw basic graphics construc on like line,circle,arc
,eclipse and rectangle.
Source code:-
1. #include<graphics.h>
2. #include<stdio.h>
3. #include<stdlib.h>
4. #include<conio.h>
5. void main()
6. {
7. intgd=DETECT,gm;
8. initgraph (&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
9. setbkcolor(GREEN);
10. prin ("\t\t\t\n\nLINE");
11. line(50,40,190,40);
12. prin ("\t\t\n\n\n\nRECTANGLE");
13. rectangle(125,115,215,165);
14. prin ("\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n\n\nARC");
15. arc(120,200,180,0,30);
16. prin ("\t\n\n\n\nCIRCLE");
17. circle(120,270,30);
18. prin ("\t\n\n\n\nECLIPSE");
19. ellipse(120,350,0,360,30,20);
20. getch();
21.}
4
5

Program 2
Write a program to draw anima on using increasing circles filled with
different colors and pa erns.
Source code:-
1. #include<graphics.h>
2. #include<stdlib.h>
3. #include<conio.h>
4. void main()
5. {
6. intgd=DETECT, gm, i, x, y;
7. initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
8. x=getmaxx()/3;
9. y=getmaxx()/3;
10. setbkcolor(WHITE);
11. setcolor(BLUE);
12. for(i=1;i<=8;i++)
13. {
14. se illstyle(i,i);
15. delay(20);
16. circle(x, y, i*20);
17. floodfill(x-2+i*20,y,BLUE);
18. }
19. getch();
20. closegraph();
21.}
6
7

Program 3
Write a program to make screen saver that display different size circles filled
With different colors and at random places.
Source code:-
1. #include<stdio.h>
2. #include<conio.h>
3. #include"graphics.h"
4. #include"stdlib.h"
5. void main()
6. {
7. intgd=DETECT,gm,i=0,x,xx,y,yy,r;
8. //Ini alizes the graphics system
9. initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
10. x=getmaxx();
11. y=getmaxy();
12. while(!kbhit())
13. {
14. i++;
15. // se illstyle(random(i),random(30));
16. circle(xx=random(x),yy=random(y),random(30));
17. se illstyle(random(i),random(30));
18. floodfill(xx,yy,getmaxcolor());
19. delay(200);
20. }
21. getch();
22.}
8
9

Program 4
Write a program to make a moving-coloured car using inbuilt func ons.
Source code:-
1. #include<graphics.h>
2. #include<stdio.h>
3. #include<stdlib.h>
4. #include<conio.h>
5. int main()
6. {
7. intgd=DETECT,gm, i, maxx, cy;
8. initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
9. setbkcolor(WHITE);
10. setcolor(RED);
11. maxx = getmaxx();
12. cy = getmaxy()/2;
13. for(i=0;i<maxx-140;i++)
14. {
15. cleardevice();
16. line(0+i,cy-20, 0+i, cy+15);
17. line(0+i, cy-20, 25+i, cy-20);
18. line(25+i, cy-20, 40+i, cy-70);
19. line(40+i, cy-70, 100+i, cy-70);
20. line(100+i, cy-70, 115+i, cy-20);
21. line(115+i, cy-20, 140+i, cy-20);
22. line(0+i, cy+15, 18+i, cy+15);
23. circle(28+i, cy+15, 10);
10

24. line(38+i, cy+15, 102+i, cy+15);


25. circle(112+i, cy+15,10);
26. line(122+i, cy+15 ,140+i,cy+15);
27. line(140+i, cy+15, 140+i, cy-20);
28. rectangle(50+i, cy-62, 90+i, cy-30);
29. se illstyle(1,BLUE);
30. floodfill(5+i, cy-15, RED);
31. se illstyle(1, LIGHTBLUE);
32. floodfill(52+i, cy-60, RED);
33. delay(10);
34. }
35. getch();
36. closegraph();
37. return 0;
38.}
11

Program 5
Write a program to implement digital clock.
Source code:-
1. #include<stdio.h>
2. #include<conio.h>
3. #include<stdlib.h>
4. #include<graphics.h>
5. #include<dos.h>
6.
7. struct me t;
8. void display(int,int,int);
9. void main()
10.{
11. int i=0,gd=DETECT,gm,hr,min,sec;
12. clrscr();
13. initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi");
14. setcolor(GREEN);
15. se extstyle(4,0,7);
16.
17. while(!kbhit())
18. {
19. ge me(&t);
20. hr=t. _hour;
21. min=t. _min;
22. sec=t. _sec;
23. i++;
12

24.
25. display(100,100,hr);
26. display(200,100,min);
27. display(300,100,sec);
28. sound(400);
29. delay(30);
30. nosound();
31. delay(930);
32. cleardevice();
33. }
34. getch();
35.}
[Link] display(int x,int y,int num)
37.{
38.
39. char str[3];
40. itoa(num,str,10);
41.
42. se extstyle(4,0,7);
43.
44. ou extxy(180,100,":");
45. ou extxy(280,100,":");
46. ou extxy(x,y,str);
47.
48. rectangle(90,90,380,200);
49. rectangle(70,70,400,220);
13

50.
51. ou extxy(90,250,"Digital Clock");
52.}
14

Program 6
Write a program to implement bouncing ball in ver cal direc on.
Source code:-
1. #include <stdio.h>
2. #include <conio.h>
3. #include <graphics.h>
4. #include <dos.h>
5. int main()
6. {
7. int gd = DETECT, gm;
8. int i, x, y, flag=0;
9. initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
10. x = getmaxx()/2;
11. y = 30;
12. while (!kbhit())
13. {
14. if(y >= getmaxy()-30 || y <= 30)
15. flag = !flag;
16. /* draws the gray board */
17. setcolor(RED);
18. se illstyle(SOLID_FILL, RED);
19. circle(x, y, 30);
20. floodfill(x, y, RED);
21. delay(50);
22. cleardevice();
15

23. if(flag)
24. {
25. y = y + 5; }
26. else
27. {
28. y = y - 5;
29. }
30. }
31. getch();
32. closegraph();
33. return 0;
34.}
16

Program 7
Write a program of transla on,rota on and scaling using composite
transforma on.
Source code:-
1. #include<stdio.h>
2. #include<conio.h>
3. #include<stdlib.h>
4. #include<graphics.h>
5. #include<math.h>
6. int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,a,b;
7. void draw();
8. void rotate();
9. int main(void)
10.{
[Link] gd=DETECT,gm;
[Link](&gd,&gm,"C:\\TC\\BGI");
[Link] ("Enter first co-ordinate value for triangle:");
[Link]("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
[Link] ("Enter second co-ordinatevalues for triangle:");
[Link]("%d%d",&x2,&y2);
[Link] ("Enter third co-ordinate valuesfor triangle:");
[Link]("%d%d",&x3,&y3);
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
17

[Link]();
23.
[Link] 0;
25.}
26.
[Link] draw()
28.{
29. line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
30. line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
31. line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
32.}
33. void rotate()
34. {
35. int a1,a2,a3,b1,b2,b3;
36. float angle;
37. prin ("Enter the rota on angle co-ordinates:");
38. scanf("%f",&angle);
39. cleardevice();
40. angle=(angle*3.14)/180;
41. a1=a+(x1-a)*cos(angle)-(y1-b)*sin(angle);
42. b1=b+(x1-a)*sin(angle)+(y2-b)*cos(angle);
43. a2=a+(x2-a)*cos(angle)-(y1-b)*sin(angle);
44. b2=b+(x2-a)*sin(angle)+(y2-b)*cos(angle);
45. a3=a+(x3-a)*cos(angle)-(y1-b)*sin(angle);
46. b3=b+(x3-a)*sin(angle)+(y2-b)*cos(angle);
47. prin ("ROTATION");
18

48. prin ("\n Changed coordinates\n");


49. prin ("%d %d\n%d %d\n%d %d",a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3);
50. line(a1,b1,a2,b2);
51. line(a2,b2,a3,b3);
52. line(a3,b3,a1,b1);
53. }
19

Program 8
Write a program to draw a Bezier curve.
Source code:-
1. #include <stdio.h>
2. #include<conio.h>
3. #include <stdlib.h>
4. #include <graphics.h>
5. #include <math.h>
6.
7. void bezier (int x[4], int y[4])
8. {
9. int gd = DETECT, gm;
10. int i;
11. double t;
12. initgraph (&gd, &gm, "C:\\tc\\bgi");
13.
14. for (t = 0.0; t < 1.0; t += 0.0005)
15. {
16. double xt = pow (1-t, 3) * x[0] + 3 * t * pow (1-t, 2) * x[1] +
17. 3 * pow (t, 2) * (1-t) * x[2] + pow (t, 3) * x[3];
18.
19. double yt = pow (1-t, 3) * y[0] + 3 * t * pow (1-t, 2) * y[1] +
20. 3 * pow (t, 2) * (1-t) * y[2] + pow (t, 3) * y[3];
21.
22. putpixel (xt, yt, WHITE);
23. }
20

24. for (i=0; i<4; i++)


25. putpixel (x[i], y[i], YELLOW);
26.
27. getch();
28. closegraph();
29. return;
30.}
31.
[Link] main()
33.{
34. int x[4], y[4];
35. int i;
36. prin ("Enter the x- and y-coordinates of the four control points.\n");
37. for (i=0; i<4; i++)
38. scanf ("%d%d", &x[i], &y[i]);
39. bezier (x, y);
40. }
21
22

Program 9
Program to rotate a rectangle about its midpoint.
Source code:-

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>

#define PI 3.14
#define MAX_POINTS 10

typedef struct {
float x[MAX_POINTS], y[MAX_POINTS], theta, h1, k1, r[3][3], ang;
float p[3][MAX_POINTS], p1[3][MAX_POINTS], x1[MAX_POINTS],
y1[MAX_POINTS];
int n;
} Arc;

void getCoordinates(Arc* a) {
prin ("\nENTER ANGLE OF ROTATION: ");
scanf("%f", &a->ang);

a->n = 4;
prin ("\nENTER\n");
23

for (int i = 0; i < a->n; i++) {


prin ("\nx[%d] and y[%d]: ", i, i);
scanf("%f %f", &a->x[i], &a->y[i]);
}

a->h1 = a->x[0] + ((a->x[1] - a->x[0]) / 2);


a->k1 = a->y[0] + ((a->y[3] - a->y[0]) / 2);
prin ("\nMIDPOINT OF RECTANGLE IS-- %f\t%f", a->h1, a->k1);

a->theta = (a->ang * PI) / 180;


a->r[0][0] = cos(a->theta);
a->r[0][1] = -sin(a->theta);
a->r[0][2] = -a->h1 * cos(a->theta) + a->k1 * sin(a->theta) + a->h1;

a->r[1][0] = sin(a->theta);
a->r[1][1] = cos(a->theta);
a->r[1][2] = -a->h1 * sin(a->theta) - a->k1 * cos(a->theta) + a->k1;

a->r[2][0] = 0;
a->r[2][1] = 0;
a->r[2][2] = 1;
}

void calculate(Arc* a) {
for (int i = 0; i < a->n; i++) {
a->p[0][i] = a->x[i];
24

a->p[1][i] = a->y[i];
a->p[2][i] = 1;
}

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {


for (int j = 0; j < a->n; j++) {
a->p1[i][j] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
a->p1[i][j] += a->r[i][k] * a->p[k][j];
}
}
}

for (int i = 0; i < a->n; i++) {


a->x1[i] = a->p1[0][i];
a->y1[i] = a->p1[1][i];
}
}

void mapGraphics() {
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
int errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOK) {
prin ("Graphics error: %s \n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
prin ("Press any key to halt: ");
25

getch();
exit(1);
}
}

void drawGraph(Arc* a) {
int xm = getmaxx() / 2;
int ym = getmaxy() / 2;
line(xm, 0, xm, 2 * ym);
line(0, ym, 2 * xm, ym);
}

void plotArc(Arc* a) {
int xm = getmaxx() / 2;
int ym = getmaxy() / 2;

for (int i = 0; i < a->n - 1; i++) {


circle(a->x1[i] + xm, (-a->y1[i] + ym), 2);
line(a->x1[i] + xm, (-a->y1[i] + ym), a->x1[i + 1] + xm, (-a->y1[i + 1] + ym));
}
line(a->x1[a->n - 1] + xm, (-a->y1[a->n - 1] + ym), a->x1[0] + xm, (-a->y1[0] +
ym));
getch();
}

void plotOriginal(Arc* a) {
int xm = getmaxx() / 2;
26

int ym = getmaxy() / 2;

for (int i = 0; i < a->n - 1; i++) {


circle(a->x[i] + xm, (-a->y[i] + ym), 2);
line(a->x[i] + xm, (-a->y[i] + ym), a->x[i + 1] + xm, (-a->y[i + 1] + ym));
}
circle(a->x[a->n - 1] + xm, (-a->y[a->n - 1] + ym), 2);
line(a->x[a->n - 1] + xm, (-a->y[a->n - 1] + ym), a->x[0] + xm, (-a->y[0] + ym));
getch();
}

int main() {
Arc a;
clrscr();
mapGraphics();
drawGraph(&a);
getCoordinates(&a);
calculate(&a);
plotOriginal(&a);
plotArc(&a);
getch();
return 0;
27

}
28

Program 10
Program to clip a line using Liang Barsky method.
Source code:-
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
typedef struct {
float x1, x2, y1, y2, u1, u2, dx, dy, xm, ym;
float xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax, p[4], q[4], r[4];
int gd, gm, k;
} Liang;
void map(Liang* l) {
l->gd = DETECT;
initgraph(&l->gd, &l->gm, "");
int errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOK) {
prin ("Graphics error: %s \n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
prin ("Press any key to halt: ");
getch();
exit(1);
}
}
void graph(Liang* l) {
29

l->xm = getmaxx() / 2;
l->ym = getmaxy() / 2;
line(l->xm, 0, l->xm, 2 * l->ym);
line(0, l->ym, 2 * l->xm, l->ym);
}
void getCoordinates(Liang* l) {
prin ("\nENTER WINDOW COORDINATES xwmin, ywmin, xwmax, ywmax: ");
scanf("%f %f %f %f", &l->xmin, &l->ymin, &l->xmax, &l->ymax);
rectangle(l->xmin + l->xm, -l->ymin + l->ym, l->xmax + l->xm, -l->ymax + l-
>ym);
prin ("\nENTER END POINTS OF LINE (x1, y1)(x2, y2): ");
scanf("%f %f %f %f", &l->x1, &l->y1, &l->x2, &l->y2);
line(l->x1 + l->xm, -l->y1 + l->ym, l->x2 + l->xm, -l->y2 + l->ym);
getch();
}
void clipLiang(Liang* l) {
float x = 0, y = 1;
l->dx = l->x2 - l->x1;
l->dy = l->y2 - l->y1;
l>p[0] = -l->dx;
l->p[1] = l->dx;
l->p[2] = -l->dy;
l->p[3] = l->dy;
l->q[0] = l->x1 - l->xmin;
l->q[1] = l->xmax - l->x1;
l->q[2] = l->y1 - l->ymin;
l->q[3] = l->ymax - l->y1;
30

for (l->k = 0; l->k < 4; l->k++) {


if (l->p[l->k] == 0 && l->q[l->k] < 0) {
prin ("\nOUTSIDE");
getch();
exit(0);
}
if (l->p[l->k] < 0) {
l->r[l->k] = l->q[l->k] / l->p[l->k];
if (l->r[l->k] < y) {
y = l->r[l->k];
}
}
}
l->u1 = y; // Assume u1 is ini alized properly
l->u2 = y; // Assume u2 is ini alized properly
if (l->u1 > l->u2) {
prin ("\nCOMPLETE OUTSIDE WINDOW");
getch();
exit(0);
}
}
int main() {
Liang l;
clrscr();
map(&l);
graph(&l);
31

getCoordinates(&l);
clipLiang(&l);
getch();
return 0;
}

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