Employees' Provident

Fund Organisation

National Testing Agency

Volume – 2

Reasoning and Computer

 EPFO SSA (Social Security Assistant)
S.No. Chapter Page No.

Series 1
English Alphabet Test 10
Coding – Decoding 20
Number Ranking 27
Blood Relation 36
Direction & Distance 46
Inequality 53
Syllogism 59
Machine Input – Output 70
Puzzle 84
Seating Arrangement 92
Statement and Assumption 100
Statement and Conclusion 107
Statement and Argument 113
Data Sufficiency 121

Introduction to Computer 127

Computer Working System, Input, Output and Storage 129
Computer System 132
Computer Organization 134
Computer Languages 136
Computer Software 137
Operating System 138
Microsoft Windows, Its Different Versions and Its Basic 139
Components
Microsoft Word 140
Microsoft Power Point 141
Microsoft Excel 143
Internet 147
Computer Networking 149
Network Topology 150
Web Browser 152
Search Engine 152
Email 153
Database 153
Hacking 153
Virus 155
Information and Communication Technology 157
Social Networking Sites 165
Extension of File 167
Word Abbreviation 168
 Series Because the number to be added to
each term is 6 digits more than its first
The series test series has to be studied number.
carefully to find out whether this series is
following the order/rule or not.
The questions asked under this test can be
classified into the following categories.
1. Digit series So instead of 248, there will be 246.
2. Alphabet series
3. Frequency Series of Digits/Characters Ex.2 Which number in the following series
There are a few things to keep in mind while is such that it is inappropriate in the
doing chain test. series?
A. First try to play the whole chain. 5, 3, 6, 10, 9, 12, 17, 15, 18, 23
B. If the chain does not work, then we run it (A) 6 (B) 9
by laughing. (C) 12 (D) 10
C. At the very end run the alternate series Ans. (D)
1. Digit series - Sol. After observing the above series
In this, a series of marks is given in the carefully, we find that the series is
questions asked. This series is based on decreasing and increasing in the order
addition, subtraction, multiplication, of -2, +3, +5, -2, +3, +5 ………….
division, square, square root, cube, cube
root etc.
Type - (i) Finding the wrong term in the
series. In the above series, 11 should come
after the digit '6'. Hence the wrong
In the series sequence, a wrong digit is added
number in the series is 10.
in place of the digit appearing at a particular
place. For this, first of all it should be known
Directions: Question (1-7) Find the missing
that which term is not changing according to
number in the following series.
that rule, that is the wrong term.
Q.1 56, 42, 30, 20, ?, 6
Ex.1 Which number is missing in the (A) 15 (B) 12
following number series? (C) 18 (D) 14
76, 98, 126, 160, 200, 248, 298 Ans. (B)
(A) 248 (B) 200 Explanation-
(C) 160 (D) 298
Ans. (A)
Sol. After observing the above series
carefully, we find that the sixth term So, ? = 12
of the series is inappropriate

1
Q.2 1, 6, 15, ?, 45, 66, 91 Q.6 510, 322, 404, ?
(A) 25 (B) 26 (A) 422 (B) 371
(C) 27 (D) 28 (C) 629 (D) 819
Ans. (D) Ans. (A)
Explanation- Explanation –
There are even numbers in the
sequence.
So, ? = 422

Q.7 32, 58, 92, 134, ?

So, ? = 28 (A) 184 (B) 194
(C) 156 (D) 169
Q.3 1, 3, 7, 13, 21, 31, 43, ? Ans. (A)
(A) 55 (B) 57 Explanation-
(C) 59 (D) 61
Ans. (B)
Explanation-

So, ? = 184
So, ? = 57
Type – (II)
Q.4 0.5, 2, 4.5, 8, 12.5, ?
Completing the series -
(A) 17 (B) 16
Under this, in the given series sequence, a
(C) 16.5 (D) 18
particular place is left blank or is denoted by
Ans. (D)
the question mark (?), then the candidates
are expected to find that sequence and mark
the question mark (?). Select the appropriate
number to come in place of.
Explanation-
So, ? = 18 Ex.3 Which of the given number will come
in place of question mark in the
Q.5 3, 6, 18, 21, 63, 66, ? series?
(A) 181 (B) 160 16, 23, 31, 40, 50, 61, ?
(C) 147 (D) 198 (A) 81 (B) 83
Ans. (D) (C) 77 (D) 73
Explanation- Ans. (D)
3 + 3 = 6, 6 × 3 = 18 Sol. On observing the above series, we
18 + 3 = 21, 21 x 3 = 63 find that the series is increasing in the
So, 63 + 3 = 66 order of +7,+8,+9,+10……....
? = 66 × 3 =198
2
 Ex.5 What will be the 10th term of 1st
series 3, 5, 7, 9…...
(A) 15 (B) 20
Therefore, the appropriate number to
(C) 12 (D) 21
come in place of the question mark
Ans. (D)
will be 73. Sol. 10th term
Tn = a + (n-1) d
Ex.4 Which number will come in the T10 = 3 + (10 − 1) × 2
question place in the above series? T10 = 3 + 18
5a 4a 15a 7a 23a 11a 29a 16a 33a g T10 = 21
(a) 11 (b) 22 Hence the 10th term is 21
(b) 29 (d) 34
Ans. (B) Ex.6 If the first term of an arithmetic
sequence is 5, the second term is 3
and the last term is 80, then find the
number of terms.
(A) 24 (B) 23
Therefore, the appropriate number to (C) 26 (D) 29
come in place of the question mark Ans. (C)
will be 22. Sol. a = 5, d = 3, Tn = 80, n = ?
Tn = a + (n − 1)d
Type – III based on series rule 80 = 5 + (n − 1) 3
There are 2 types of rules of the category (n − 1) =80 − 5/3
based on the rule of the first category. n − 1 = 25
1. Arithmetic series n = 25 + 1
2. Geometric series n = 26
Hence the number of posts is 26
1. Arithmetic Series - An arithmetic series is
called a series in which the difference of 2. Geometric Series - Such a series in which
two consecutive terms is equal. the ratio of two consecutive terms is
The number obtained by subtracting the same is called 'Geometric Series'.
preceding term from a term of an A.P. is This ratio is called the 'common ratio' of
called 'transition'. the geometric series. The 'common ratio'
If there is the first post of the parallel of a geometric series is obtained by
category and the post is of the post, then dividing a term by its previous term, i.e.
there will be an parallel category. t2/t1=t3/t2=t4/t3= ⋯ ... ... ... ...
Hence the nth term of the A.P. Tn = a + (n- =tn/tn−1=proportionate
d) t1,t2,t3,t4
(1) d (where, a is the first term and d is The middle term is the average of both
the transition) the terms.
t2 − t1 = t3 − t2 = t4 − t3

3
 If the first term of a geometric series is a Ans. (D)
and the proportion is r, then the nTH Explanation-
term of that geometric series Except the number pair 13-37, in all
Tn = a. r^n−1 the other number-pairs, the second
number is three times the first
Ex.7 What is the 6th term of the series number.
3,9,27,81,......? 10 × 3 = 30
(A) 729 (B) 243 11 × 3 = 33
(C) 1681 (D) 1747 50 × 3 = 150
Ans. (A) but,
Sol. First Term a = 3 13 × 3 – 2 = 37
Common ratio d=9/3=3
6th termT6 = a. r^n−1 Q.2 In the following questions, select the
= 3. 3^6 − 1 odd number pair from the given
= 3 × 3^5 alternatives.
= 3 × 243 = 729 (A) 18 : 37 (B) 24 : 47
= 3 × 243 = 729 (C) 32 : 65 (D) 48 : 97
So the 6th term is 729 Ans. (B)
Explanation-
Ex.8 What will be the 10th term of the Number pair 24: Except 47, in all
series 7, 14, 28,...... ? other number-pairs, the second
(A) 3216 (B) 2736 number is one more than twice the
(C) 2684 (D) 3584 first number.
Ans. (D) 18 × 21= 37
Sol. First Term a=7 32 × 21 =65
Common ratio=14/7=2 48 × 21= 97
10th term but,
T10 = a. r^n−1 24 × 2-1=47
= 7 × 2^10−1
3. Alphabet series -
= 7 × 2^9
Under this, a series of letters related
= 7 × 512
to the English alphabet is given in the
= 3584
given series, in which one or two
Hence the 10th term is 3584
letters are omitted, or is represented
Type-IV by a question mark (?) in that place.
Ex.9 What will come in place of question
Q.1 In the following questions, select the
mark (?) in the given series?
odd number pair from the given
JKMPT?
alternatives.
(A) X (B) W
(A) 10.30 (B) 11.33
(C) Y (D) none
(C) 50.150 (D) 13.37
Ans. (C)
4
Sol.

Hence the appropriate letter coming

in place of question mark (?) will be Y.

Ex.10 L7C, N9F, P12I, R16L, ? What will

come at the question mark in this Q.2 In the following questions, select the
series? odd letters from the given
(A) U21O (B) S21P alternatives.
(C) S20O (D) T21O (A) AB (B) EG
Ans. (D) (C) IJ (D) OP
Sol. Therefore, in place of the question Ans. (B)
mark (?), the appropriate number- Explanation-
letter group will beT21O.

Ex.11 What will come in place of the

missing letters of the following
series?
ab___baabc___aabcb____abcb__
(A) bcaa (B) cbaa
(C) abca (D) aacb
Ans. (B)

Q.3 In the following questions, select the

odd letters from the given
alternatives.
(A) PM (B) DA
Q.1 In the following question, select the (C) RP (D) OL
odd letters from the given Ans. (C)
alternatives. Explanation -
(A) mop (B) prs
(C) tvw (D) xyz
Ans. (D)
Explanation-

5
Q.4 In the following questions, select the Explanation -
odd letters from the given
alternatives.
(A) BLOP-OPBL (B) STIR-IRST
(C) CANT-NTCA (D) PEST-SEPT
Ans. (D)
Explanation-

Q.7 In the following questions, select the

odd letters from the given alternatives.
(A) ACDF (B) TUOP
(C) HIVW (D) FGKL
Q.5 In the following questions, select the Ans. (A)
odd letters from the given Explanation -
alternatives.
(A) EI-LM (B) AE-RT
(C) IO-WY (D) OU-DF
Ans. (A)
Explanation –
'Letter-pair' is a letter gap between
the letters of the second unit in all
other letter-pairs except 'EI-LM'. The
first unit has a continuous vowel. 3. Frequency series of digits or letters -
Under this, the numbers or letters appear
repeatedly in a certain sequence, thus
forming a series of numbers / letters in
which one or two digits in the middle or end
or
Alphabets are lost and candidates have to
find out the missing number/letters.
Ex.12 02487503001024875030010
(A) 2,4 (B) 0,1
Q.6 In the following questions, select the (C) 0,2 (D) 4,8
odd letters from the given Ans. (A)
alternatives. Sol. After looking carefully at the given
(A) DEGJ (B) QRTW series of numbers, we find that
(C) YZBE (D) JKNQ 02487503001 is appearing repeatedly
Ans. (D) in the sequence.
So the next two digits will be 2 and 4.
6
Directions: (1-7) Find the missing term in Q.5 AAT, BBE, CCP, ?
the following series- (A) DDA (B) DDB
Q.1 Y, S, N, J, G, ? (C) DDC (D) DDD
(A) F (B) E Ans. (A)
(C) H (D) I Explanation-
Ans. (B)
Explanation-
Hence, the appropriate term coming
in place of (?) will be E.
Hence, the appropriate term to come
Q.2 NZ, OY, PX, QW, RV, ?
in place of (?) will be DDA
(A) FS (B) SU
(C) UF (D) TU
Q.6 BC, GH, LM, ?
Ans. (B)
(A) PQ (B) RS
Explanation-
(C) QR (D) OP
Hence, the appropriate term will
Ans. (C)
come in place of (?) will be SU.
Explanation-
Q.3 A, E, I, ?, Q
(A) O (B) M
(C) U (D) L
Ans. (B) Therefore, the appropriate term that
Explanation- comes in place of (?) will be QR.

Hence, the appropriate term to come Q.7 AC, FH, KM, PR, ?
in place of (?) will be M. (A) UX (B) TV
(C) UW (D) VW
Q.4 adcebedfcfe? Ans. (C)
(A) h (B) g Explanation-
(C) f (D) d
Ans. (B)
Explanation-
Hence, the appropriate term to come
in place of (?) will be UW.

Q.8 In the following questions, select the

odd number from the given
alternatives.
(A) 362 (B) 145
Hence, the appropriate term coming (C) 26 (D) 625
in place of (?) would be g. Ans. (D)
7
Explanation- Sol.
Except the number 625, all other
numbers are one more than the
perfect square of certain natural
numbers. The number 625 is a perfect
Hence, option (C) 16 will be correct.
square number.
362 = 19 × 19 + 1
145 = 12 × 12 + 1 4. 2, 12, 36, 80, 150, ? Find the missing
26 = 5 × 5 + 1 number.
But, (A) 210 (B) 258
625 = 25 × 25 (C) 252 (D) 194
Example with Solution Ans. (C)
Sol.
1. 4, 10, 22, 46, ? Find the missing
number.
(A) 56 (B) 66
(C) 76 (D) 94
Ans. (D)
Sol.

Hence, option (C) 252 will be correct.

5. Which of the following numbers is

So, (?) = 94 not suitable in the sequence?
19, 28, 39, 52, 67, 84, 102
2. 87, 90, 84, 88, 81, ?, ? (A) 84 (B) 102
(A) 86,78 (B) 86,88 (C) 67 (D) 52
(C) 86,88 (D) 85,93 Ans. (B)
Ans. (A) Sol.
Sol.

Hence, option(A) 86,78 will be Hence, option (B) 102 will be wrong
correct. number.

3. Which of the following numbers is

6. Find the missing letter
not correct in the sequence -
3, 6, 10, 16, 21, 28 (A) WYAC (B) WXYA
(A) 10 (B) 3 (C) WXYZ (D) WYZA
(C) 16 (D) 21 Ans. (A)
Ans. (C)
8
Sol. 10. 120, 60, 30, 15, ? Find the missing
number.
(A) 7.5 (B) 5.7
(C) 3.0 (D) 8.5
Ans. (A)
Sol.

Hence, option (A) would be correct.

7. 4E, 8I, 13N, 19T, ? Find the missing

term. 11. 4, 10, ? 82, 244, 730
(A) 26U (B) 26A (A) 218 (B) 28
(C) 26Z (D) 25X (C) 24 (D) 77
Ans. (B) Ans. (B)
Sol. Sol.

Hence, option (B) will be correct.

Hence, option (B) will be correct.

8. ab__dbc___ ___cda___d_bcab__d
(A) cdabac (B) cdaabc
(C) adabac (D) dadabc
Ans. (A)
Sol. abcd/bcda/cdab/dabc/abcd
Hence, option (A) would be correct.

9. 15, 30, 60, 120, ? Find the missing

number.
(A) 250 (B) 245
(C) 240 (D) 260
Ans. (C)
Sol.

Hence, option (C) will be correct.

9
 English Alphabet Test (i) First and second half of straight
sequence - In this sequence the
The English alphabet test is based on the
letters from A to M are placed in the
English letters or alphabet being arranged in
a certain format. In this test, questions are first half and the letters from N to Z
solved based on the formation of words by are called the second half.
the selected letters, finding the letters in the Left to Right
pair of letters and between 2 letters, etc.
Some important facts related to the
English alphabet.
1. Capital/Small letters of the English
alphabet
Block letters A B C D E F G (ii) The first second half of the opposite
H I J K L M order - In this sequence the letters
Lowercase a b c d e f from Z to N are called the first half
letters and the letters from M to A are
g h i j k l m called the second half.
Block letters N O P Q R S T Left to right
U V W X Y Z
Lowercase n o p q r s t
letters
u v w x y z

2. Vowels and consonants of the English

alphabet
(i) Vowel - There are 5 vowels in the 4. Finding the Position Order of Letters by
English alphabet, which are as EJOTY and CFILORUX
follows - From left
A, E, I, O, U
(ii) Consonants - There are 21
consonants in the English alphabet,
which are as follows –
B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R,
S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z From left

3. The place of letters in the English -

Alphabet is the first 13 and the last 13
letters of the alphabet are called the
first and second half of the alphabet
respectively. This location depends on
two sequences.

10
Opposite Letter - Each letter in the English Ans. (d)
alphabet has an opposite letter. Sol. As per question

Right Sixth

If the letter of the English alphabet whose Alternative Method

opposite letter is to be found, then the nth letter to the right of mth letter from left in
corresponding number of that letter is English alphabet = (m+n)th letter from left.
subtracted from 27. The number obtained m = 16 and n = 6
after subtracting is the corresponding (16+6) letter from left = 22nd letter from
th

number of the opposite letter. left = V

2. Position of letters in reverse order
Finding the letter to the left and right of
Ex.2 If the English alphabet is written in
letters
reverse order, then which letter will
 Whatever is on our right is the right of the
be 13th to the left of the 3rd letter
same letters and whatever else is on our
from the right?
left, is the left of those other letters. like –
(a) C (b) P
(c) R (d) L
Ans. (b)
Sol. nth letter to left of m letter from your
right in reverse order of English
alphabet = (m + n)th letter from right.
Here, m = 3 and n = 13
Question Types
= (3+13)th letter from right = 16th
Type-I Questions Based on Alphabet Test
letter from right = P Ans.
1. The position of the letters in the
direct sequence shall be - 3. Position of letters in the first half of
Ex.1 Which letter is 6th to the right of the the reverse order
sixteenth letter from the left in the Under this, the first half of the letters
alphabet A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O of the English alphabet i.e. letters
PQRSTUVWXYZ? from A to M are written in reverse
(a) F (b) Q order and the remaining half of the
(c) U (d) V letters are written as they are.

11
Ex.3 If the first half of the English alphabet Ans. (d)
is written in reverse order, then As per question,
which letter will be to the left and
seventh letter of the tenth letter from
your right?
(a) C (b) E
(c) D (d) J
Ans. (c)
Sol. According to question,

The eighth letter from the right is S

and the seventh letter to the left of
the letter S is M. So required letter =
M
5. Number of letters between 2 letters -
Ex.5 How many letters are there in the
middle of the eighth letter from the
left and the seventh letter from the
The 10th letter from the right is Q and right in the English alphabet?
the seventh letter to the left of the (a) 8 (b) 9
letter Q is D.
(c) 10 (d) 11
So required letter = D
Ans. (d)
4. Position of letters in reverse order of Sol. As per Question
multiple letter segments
Ex.4 If the first four letters of the English
alphabet are written in reverse order,
then 5 letters also in reverse order,
again 6 letters also in reverse order, 5
letters also in reverse order, again 6
letters also in reverse order, again If 7
letters are also written in reverse
order and remaining letters are also
written in reverse order, then which
letter will be the seventh letter to the
left of the eighth letter from the right?
(a) O (b) L
(c) N (d) M

12
 Hence, the eighth letter from the left Sol. According to question
is H and the seventh letter from the So the required letter pair is UX, TU EI
right is T and there are 11 letters in and NO i.e. 4.
between these two.
6. Same position of letters when Type - 3 Word Formation and Alphabet
arranged alphabetically - Arrangement
Ex.6 If each letter in the word CADMP is (i) Changing the letters of a meaningful
arranged alphabetically, then the word
positions of how many letters will Ex.8 If the letters of the first and second,
remain unchanged. third and fourth, fifth and sixth and so
(a) 1 (b) 2 on are interchanged in the words,
(c) 3 (d) 4 then what will be the tenth letter
Ans. (c) when counted from its right?
Sol. (a) T (b) N
(c) U (d) A
Ans. (b)
Sol. The word formed by interchanging
the letters of the given word
Hence such letters are D, M, and P. COMMUNICATIONS

Type-2 Letter- Pair Based Question

If there are as many letters between two
letters of a word as there are between them
in the English alphabet, then the pair thus
formed between those two letters is called a (ii) Making meaningful words from
letter pair. selected / consecutive letters of a
semi-complete word
Ex.9 If any one meaningful word can be
formed from the first, third, fifth and
eighth letters of the word SHARE
Ex.7 How many such pairs of letters are
HOLDING, then what will be its
there in the given word EXECUTION,
second letter? If no such word can be
which have as many letters between
formed, give the answer 'X' and if
them in the word as there are
more than one word can be formed,
between them in the English
give the answer 'Y'.
alphabet?
(a) L (b) E
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) S (d) X
(c) 3 (d) more than 3
(e) Y
Ans. (d)
Ans. (e)

13
Sol. The word given according to the is formed which is obtained by
question, arranging the numbers in the order 6,
3, 1, 5, 4, 2.

Type - 4 Letter Group Based Questions

Under this, some groups of three or four
New word SEAL = SALE, SEAL = 2 letters are given in the questions asked. The
Meaningful word Two meaningful answer is to be found by arranging these
words formed from it are SALE and letter groups according to the instructions
SEAL, so option Y will be correct. given in the question.

Ex.10 How many meaningful words with Ex.12 If the letter S is put before them in all
four or more letters can be formed the given words, then how many
from the letters of the word words in the new arrangement will
DIALOGUE? make meaningful English words?
(a) 5 (b) 7 (a) Only SHE
(c) 9 (d) 8 (b) ANT and JUG
Ans. (c) (c) Only OLD
Sol. 9 words with four or more letters can (d) TIN and JUG
be formed from the letters of (e) Only TIN
DIALOGUE. Ans. (c)
For Example - Sol. The following is the word in the new
DIAL, GOAL, GOAD, GILD, GLUE, arrangement.
GUILD, LOUD, GUIDE, GUILE etc. SHE, SOLD, SANT, STIN, SJUG
Hence in the given words, the letter S
(iii) Arrange the following numbers of is preceded by only one meaningful
different letters in such a way that a word SOLD.
meaningful word is formed.
Ex.11 Arrange the numbers of different TYPE-5 RULE BASED ON INSTRUCTION-
letters given below in such a way that In this type of questions, related to English
a meaningful word is formed. alphabets are given. Following these rules, it
G T A E N M is to be seen that in which option the given
1 2 3 4 5 6 letter is following the group.
(a) 1, 3 , 2, 6, 4, 5 Ex.13 A letter is missing between two
(b) 6, 3, 5, 1, 4, 2 letters.
(c) 1, 3, 2, 5, 4, 6 (a) EGIKM (b) MOQTU
(d) 6, 3, 1, 5, 4, 2 (c) MPQTU (d) MNOPQ
Ans. (d) Ans. (a)
Sol. On arranging the given letters in a
meaningful order, the word MAGNET

14
Sol. Ans. (b)
Sol.

So in the EGIKM letter-pair, one letter

is missed between every two letters.
The 20th letter from the left is T and the 21st
Ex.14 English letters are in the reverse letter from the right is F and the letter M is
order of the alphabet. exactly in between these two.
(a) ABCDE (b) ZYXWV
(c) KLMNO (d) PQRST 3. If the letters of the word BEAUTIFUL
Ans. (b) are rearranged and written
Sol. alphabetically, then how many such
letters will be there whose position
will remain unchanged?
(a) 1
(b) 3
Hence, the letter pair Z Y X W V is in
(c) 2
the opposite order of the alphabet.
(d) more than three
Example with Solution Ans. (a)
1. Which letter is exactly between the Sol. According to the question,
letters J and T in the English alphabet?
(a) N (b) O
(c) P (d) Q
(e) None of the letter
Ans. (b) 4. If each vowel of the word DOMAINS is
Sol. changed to the letter that follows it
according to the English alphabet and
each consonant is changed to the
letter that precedes it according to
The letter O is exactly between J and the English alphabet and then all the
T. letters are alphabetically (from left to
2. Which letter will be exactly between left) right), then which of the
the 20th letter from the left and the following will be at the third position
21st letter from the right in the from the right in the sequence so
English alphabet? formed?
(a) L (b) M (a) J (b) C
(c) N (d) O (c) P (d) M
(e) No letter (e) B

15