CIVIL ENGINEERING
and
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Group 6
Contents
Introduction
Overview of Civil Engineering
Overview of Environmental Science
Relationship of Civil Engineering and
Environmental Science
Examples of Civil Engineering Projects
Integrated to Environmental Science
Challenges
RELATIONSHIP OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
OVERVIEW OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING
Civil Engineering
The design, building, and maintenance of
infrastructure and the built environment are the
core focusses of the broad area of civil engineering.
It covers environmental, transportation, water
resources, geotechnical, structural, and
construction management engineering. In addition
to working on commercial, residential, and public
infrastructure projects, civil engineers are essential
to maintaining sustainability and public safety.
role of Civil Engineering
The role of civil engineering is vital for societal
development and infrastructure management. Key
aspects include:
1. Infrastructure Development: Designing and constructing
essential structures like roads, bridges, and buildings that
support daily life and economic activities.
2. Public Safety: 3. Environmental
Ensuring that structures Protection: Implementing
can withstand natural sustainable practices in
disasters, such as construction and
earthquakes and floods, resource management to
to protect lives and minimize environmental
property. impact and promote
conservation.
4. Urban Planning: 5. Water Management:
Collaborating in the Developing systems for
planning of urban areas water supply, drainage,
to optimize land use, and wastewater
transportation, and treatment to ensure
services. clean water access and
environmental health.
6. Transportation 7. Economic Growth:
Systems: Designing and Contributing to
maintaining efficient infrastructure projects
transport networks that that stimulate economic
facilitate movement and development and
commerce. improve quality of life.
THE IMPACT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING ON THE
ENVIRONMENT
Sustainable Infrastructure:
The design and
POSITIVE IM PAC T implementation of green
OF CIVIL buildings and infrastructure
ENGINE ER ING TO can reduce energy
T consumption and promote the
ENVIRO N M EN use of renewable resources.
Erosion Control: Civil engineering projects can include
features that prevent soil erosion, such as retaining walls,
vegetative cover, and proper drainage systems.
Water Management: Effective civil engineering can enhance
water management through the development of efficient
drainage systems, stormwater management, and wastewater
treatment facilities, leading to cleaner waterways.
Public Transportation: Developing public transport systems
reduces reliance on individual car travel, leading to lower
emissions and reduced traffic congestion.
Biodiversity Preservation: Thoughtful planning can
incorporate green spaces, wildlife corridors, and
conservation areas, helping to preserve biodiversity within
urban settings.
Disaster Resilience: Civil engineering can enhance
infrastructure resilience to natural disasters, protecting
communities and ecosystems from potential damage.
Community Well-being: Improved infrastructure, such as
parks and recreational facilities, promotes community
health and well-being, fostering a connection between
people and their environment.
Habitat Destruction:
NEGATIVE IM PAC T Construction projects can
lead to the destruction of
OF CIVIL natural habitats, disrupting
ENGINE ER ING T O local ecosystems and
ENV IRO NM EN T wildlife.
Pollution: Construction activities generate dust, noise, and
pollutants, affecting air and water quality. Runoff from
sites can contaminate local waterways.
Resource Depletion: The extraction of materials like sand,
gravel, and timber can deplete natural resources and lead
to ecological imbalances.
Soil Erosion: Disturbing land can increase soil erosion,
affecting land fertility and contributing to sedimentation in
rivers and lakes.
Climate Change: Infrastructure development often relies on
carbon-intensive materials and practices, contributing to
greenhouse gas emissions.
Urban Heat Islands: Increased impermeable surfaces from
urban development can elevate local temperatures,
impacting local climates.
Water Management Issues: Poorly planned drainage systems
can lead to flooding or water shortages, disrupting natural
water cycles.
Civil engineering impacts the environment positively
and negatively. While it can cause habitat destruction,
pollution, and resource depletion, it also supports
economic growth and sustainable practices that benefit
communities. Recognizing these aspects is crucial for
advancing civil engineering. By prioritizing sustainability
and environmental stewardship, the field can minimize
negative effects and enhance benefits, leading to
resilient communities. Balancing development with
ecological concerns is essential for a sustainable
future.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic
field that draws on ecology, geology, meteorology, biology,
chemistry, engineering, and physics. It is the science of
physical phenomena in the environment. It studies the
sources, reactions, transport, effect and fate of physical
and biological species in the air, water and soil and the
effect of human activity to the Environment. The modern
field of environmental science developed from the growing
public awareness and concern about environmental
problems in the 1960s and 1970s.
ENVIRONM EN TAL
SCIENTIS TS
Environmental scientists and specialists use
their knowledge of the natural sciences to
protect the environment. They conduct
research and investigations to safeguard
both the environment and human health.
FAMOUS ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENTISTS
JOHN MUIR
is one of the most recognizable names
in environmentalism, and for a good
reason. He set his sights on conserving
national parks, including Sequoia
National Park and Yosemite National
Park. These parks are considered some
of the most beautiful places on
earth-they were created because of
John Muir's efforts.
RACHEL CARSON
In 1962, she released her book Silent
Spring, which exposed the harmful
effects of synthetic pesticides. This
book also led to the banning of DDT-
the most widely used pesticide in the
world-in 1972.
THOMAS RO BERT
MA LT HUS
was a British economist and
demographer best known for his
1798 publication, An Essay on the
Principle of Population.
Major Fields of Environmental Science
1. Atmospheric sciences
2. Ecology
3. Environmental chemistry
4. Geosciences
5. Social sciences.
THREE CA TEG OR IE S
OF ENVIRONM EN T AL
PROBLEM
1. Resource Depletion - Resource Depletion occurs when
the renewable and non-renewable natural resources
become scarce because they are consumed faster than
they can recover.
Two types Of Resources
Renewable Resources
Non-renewable Resources
Renewable Resources - A renewable resource is a
natural resource which will replenish to replace the
portion depleted by usage and consumption, either
through natural reproduction or other recurring
processes in a finite amount of time in a human time
scale.
Non-renewable Resources - natural resource that
cannot be readily replaced by natural means at a
pace quick enough to keep up with consumption.
2. Pollution - is the introduction of contaminants into
the natural environment that cause adverse change.
3. Loss of Biodiversity - refers to the reduction of any
aspect of biological diversity in a particular area
through death including extinction, destruction or
manual removal.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
is a field in engineering where professionals focus on
combining environmental science methods with
engineering principles to develop and implement better
infrastructure, technology and industrial operations that
reduce the risk of environmental contamination and
pollution.
are responsible for coming up with practical solutions to
environmental challenges, implementing workflows,
developing and enforcing national and local regulations,
carrying out assessments on proposals, and more.
FAMOUS ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERS
ELLEN SW AL LOW
RICHAR DS
A pioneering engineer and feminist
icon, Ellen Swallow Richards has
been labeled the first female
environmental engineer. Best
known for pioneering the field of
sanitary engineering.
ABEL WOLMAN
Considered as the godfather of
modern sanitation. Wolman's
greatest achievement was
devising a system for
chlorinating water to make it
safe to drink.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
Differences
- Environmental engineers focus on applying the data
that scientists and technicians analyze to produce
outcomes that reduce pollution, increase environmental
efficiency, and ensure construction projects comply with
local, state, and environmental policies.
- Environmental science gives information to engineering
professionals with the goal of reducing the impacts of
development and population growth.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
Similarities
- Both fields study the natural environment and its
relationship with human activity.
- Environmental scientists and engineers focus on data
from the natural world, especially regarding how human
actions have affected it in the past and how they might in
the future. Their goal is to create and implement solutions
to various problems.
CIVIL ENGINEERING AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Civil engineers changes the world. They have a great
influence on our life because infrastructural facilities and
buildings are an integral aspect of every civilization. Their vision
and understanding influence how we live in the future. Civil
Engineers analyze, model, and realise. They build secure
airports, network towns, design water supply and sewer
systems, repair rivers, and install wind power plants on open
seas. Today, civil engineers and environmental scientists are
imaginatively and innovatively handling the fast rising needs of
business, culture, environmental factors, and new materials..
● Environmental studies are the study of social sciences to
understand human interactions with the environment.
● Environmental engineering is the focus on analyzing and
deducing problems with the environment and the effect of
man-made programs on the environment, and for finding
solutions to help protect and preserve the environment by
disposing of pollution in the air, water, and land.
Relationship between Civil Engineering and
Environmental Science
Both civil and environmental engineers develop and design
projects that can help the world we live in. Some of the projects
may overlap; for example, when developing a water supply
system, civil engineers focus on the design and building, while
environmental engineers develop the system for cleaning the
water and reducing waste. At other times, these engineers will
work on very different projects.
Civil engineers build roadways, tunnels, and bridges.
Environmental engineers employ research and engineering
approaches to create environmentally friendly solutions. Civil
engineers are turning the world around. They have a greater
impact on our lives than many other jobs because
infrastructure and structures are an essential component of
every society. It is inspired by their imagination and
understanding of how we shall live tomorrow. Civil engineers
analyse, model, and implement.
They build secure airports, network towns, design water supply
and sewer systems, repair rivers, and install wind power plants
on open seas. Civil engineers and environmental scientists now
use their imagination and ingenuity to meet the rapidly
changing demands of industry, society, environmental
pressures, and new materials.
More specifically, civil, chemical, mechanical, nuclear engineers
have direct interference with environment and nature, while on
the other hand computer engineers or electronics engineers
don't have as much influence on the environment as their
counterparts.
Civil engineering covers technologies that relate to ordinary
citizens — such as you and your community — and the design,
building and maintenance of infrastructures and services that
meet their needs.
Environmental engineering involves how we use science and
technology in our interactions with the natural world, including
the impacts of human activity and how we can mitigate those
effects.
WHEN WE CONSIDER “WHAT IS CIVIL
ENGINEERING” OR “WHAT IS
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING,” WE
CAN LOOK AT HOW THESE FIELDS
OVERLAP AND STAND APART.
Civil engineers are concerned with issues such as building
safety, material conveyance, important services such as
drinking water, dependable transportation systems, and power
distribution. Environmental engineers are responsible for
designing, testing, and implementing technology that decrease
and eliminate pollution, treat water as a valuable resource, and
include ecological and environmental issues into both
development and conservation initiatives.
Civil engineers collaborate with
environmental engineers on projects such as
electricity generation, treatment
infrastructure for clean water, waste
processing, and the development of
sustainable infrastructure that takes into
consideration the effects of climate change.
Significance of Civil Engineering
Civil engineering profession is concerned with the built
environment. They plan, design, and construct major facilities,
including highways, transit systems, airports, dams, water and
wastewater treatment systems, tunnels, energy facilities,
harbours, canals, buildings, and bridges. They manage our air,
water, and energy resources and protect society from natural
catastrophes, such as earthquakes, and the hazards society
itself generates in the form of toxic wastes.
Significance of Civil Engineering
Because these functions are often crucial to the day-to-day
lives of most people and the facilities involved are physically
substantial, civil engineers bear an important responsibility to
the public. Their role is often more than just technical,
requiring also a high degree of communicative skills and an
ability to deal with people.
Furthermore, they are recognized as problem solvers,
inventors, entrepreneurs, and global leaders. Civil engineering
is all about providing long-term benefits to people and the
environment. Civil engineers' work can be found virtually
anywhere. Yes, we travel on highways and bridges.
Significance of Environmental Engineering
It helps us to discover sustainable ways of living. Environmental
science is more concerned with discovering ways to live more
sustainably. This means utilising present resources in a manner
that conserves their supplies for the future. Environmental
sustainability doesn’t have to outlaw living luxuriously, but it
advocates for creating awareness about the consumption of
resources and minimising unnecessary waste. It is important in
order for us to utilise natural resources efficiently. Natural
resources bring a whole lot of benefits to a country. A
country’s natural resources may not be utilised efficiently
because of low-level training and a lack of management skills.
EXAMPLES OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING PROJECTS
INTEGRATED TO
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
1. GOTHENBURG,
SWEDEN
Zero-emission goal by 2030 in the Green City Zone.
Reduced reliance on fossil fuels in transportation.
Promotes eco-tourism through car-free islands.
High environmental standards in air travel (carbon-neutral
airport).
Public transport reduces road congestion and pollution.
Renewable energy used for public services.
2. OSLO, NORWAY
Reduced carbon emissions through electric and bio-fuel
powered buses.
Eco-certified hotels promote green tourism.
Expansive electric vehicle infrastructure encourages
sustainable transport.
Strong preservation of natural landscapes (forests and
fjords).
Reduces the city’s carbon footprint and supports cleaner
air.
Green policies protect biodiversity and ecosystems.
3. COPENHAGEN,
DENMARK
On track to becoming the world’s first carbon-neutral
capital.
Sustainable energy powers 74% of the city.
Low landfill waste ensures better waste management.
Clean waterways allow for public swimming, enhancing
public health.
Reduces environmental impact through advanced waste
processing.
Sets a high standard for global urban sustainability.
Reduces air and water pollution.
4. TOKYO, JAPAN
Reduces the city’s vulnerability to flooding and landslides.
Efficient rainwater management through underground
reservoirs.
Prevents costly damage from floods (saved $50 billion).
Reduces the heat island effect in urban areas.
Reuses rainwater for cleaning and gardening, conserving
water.
Protects local communities from natural disasters.
Supports Tokyo’s water scarcity management.
Enhances long-term urban resilience to climate change.
5. ROTT ER DAM ,
THE
NETH ERL AN DS
Protects the city from rising sea levels and flooding.
Floating infrastructure adapts to climate change and water
rise.
Reduces flood risks through water retention and green
roofs.
Engages local communities in resilience planning.
Promotes sustainable business continuity.
Enhances public safety through flood defense systems.
The Delta Works defense system provides world-class flood
protection.
ZUELLIG BUILDING
BUILDINGS/STRU (MAKATI)
CTURES
Reduces energy consumption with low-emissivity glass.
Saves water with rainwater catchment facilities.
Promotes recycling through a centralized paper system.
Reduces the building’s carbon footprint through energy-
efficient design.
Supports sustainable urban growth in Makati.
Provides a healthier work environment with improved
indoor air quality.
Reduces heat gain, lowering cooling costs.
COPENHILL BY BJARKE INGELS GROUP,
COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
PHOTO OF
COPENHILL’S
ROOF BY
RASMUS
HJORTSHOJ
Converts 440,000 tons of waste into clean energy annually.
Provides heating and power for 150,000 homes.
Reduces landfill waste significantly through waste-to-
energy conversion.
Promotes public awareness with its environmental
education center.
Enhances urban recreation with a rooftop ski slope and
hiking trails.
Engages the community in sustainability initiatives.
FLOATING SCHOOL BY KUNLÉ ADEYEMI,
LAGOS, NIGERIA
FLOATING
SCHOOL IN
LAGOS
Provides education in flood-prone areas with sustainable
architecture.
Uses solar power for electricity, reducing energy costs.
Harvests rainwater for sanitation, saving water.
Promotes community resilience to climate change.
Uses locally sourced materials, supporting local economies.
Creates a functional structure that adapts to environmental
challenges.
ALBION DISTRICT LIBRARY BY
PERKINS+WILL, TORONTO, CANADA
ALBION
DISTRICT
LIBRARY BY
PERKINS +
WILL
Green roof reduces energy consumption and heat loss.
Photovoltaic arrays provide renewable energy, lowering
utility costs.
Native plant species support local biodiversity.
Stormwater collection system reduces water waste.
Promotes eco-friendly transportation with bicycle
infrastructure.
EASTGATE CENTRE IN HARARE,
ZIMBABWE:
Biomimicry: The Eastgate Centre’s design is inspired by the
self-cooling mounds of African termites.
Passive Architecture: The building uses passive architecture
for climate control, minimizing the need for conventional
air-conditioning or heating.
Energy Efficiency: It employs energy-efficient strategies to
regulate temperature, significantly reducing electricity
costs.
Thermal Capacity: The construction materials have high
thermal capacity, enabling the building to store and release
heat from the environment.
PROBLEMS THAT CIVIL ENGINEERS
AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS
FACE
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
1. CL IMATE
CHANGE
Climate change is the long-term change in
weather patterns mainly caused by human
activities increasing greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
Solutions:
• Transition to renewable energy sources
like solar and wind.
• Plant trees to absorb carbon dioxide.
2. AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution arises from sources like
vehicles and industries, negatively impacting
health and the environment.
Solutions:
• Tighten emission regulations for industries.
• Promote renewable energy use.
3. WATER SCARCITY
Water scarcity occurs when fresh water is
insufficient for people and agriculture due
to overuse and pollution.
Solutions:
• Reduce water wastage through strict
policies.
• Improve waste management and purification
technologies.
4. DEFORESTATION
Deforestation is the large-scale removal of
trees, leading to habitat loss and increased
carbon emissions.
Solution:
• Implement reforestation efforts.
5. WASTE DISPOSAL
Waste disposal leads to environmental
pollution and requires effective management
strategies.
Solutions:
• Promote recycling programs.
• Invest in green technologies to minimize
waste.
6. OZONE DEPLETION
Ozone depletion occurs when harmful
chemicals, like CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon),
damage the ozone layer.
Solutions:
• Phase out CFCs through international
treaties.
• Invest in renewable energy.
7. ACID RAIN
Acid rain results from industrial pollutants
affecting air quality and ecosystems.
Solutions:
• Introduce cleaner technologies and
increase renewable resource use.
8. OCEAN POLLUTION
Ocean pollution from marine debris harms
wildlife and ecosystems.
Solutions:
• Reduce single-use plastics.
• Improve waste management practices.
9. BIODIVERSITY LOSS
Biodiversity loss disrupts ecosystems and
threatens species survival.
Solutions:
• Implement conservation measures like
protected areas.
• Increase public awareness for species
protection.
L CONTAMINATION
10. SOI
Soil contamination occurs from pollutants
affecting crop yields and wildlife habitats.
Solutions:
• Implement management practices to control
runoff and chemical use.
• Limit construction near contaminated
areas.
CIVIL ENGINEERING
1. Health and Safety Problems
Civil engineers must ensure the safety of structures, such as
buildings and bridges, to protect public and worker safety. This
involves implementing strict safety protocols and regular
training for construction site workers.
Solution:
Establish comprehensive safety guidelines and regular training
sessions.
2. Environmental Problems
Civil engineers face challenges from environmental factors that
can disrupt construction timelines, including extreme weather
and natural disasters. Protecting natural resources and
minimizing environmental impact is crucial.
Solution:
Develop contingency plans for environmental disruptions.
3. Contractual Disputes
Disputes can arise from variations in work, property damage,
payment claims, and workmanship defects. Effective
communication and clear contracts are essential for managing
these issues.
Solution:
Maintain clear contracts and open communication channels.
4. Government Regulatory Compliance
Civil engineers are accountable for ensuring compliance with
regulatory standards, which can vary by work shift and
location. Keeping all workers informed of regulations is critical.
Solution:
Conduct regular compliance training and audits to ensure
adherence to regulations.
5. Managing Third-Party Contractors
Coordinating multiple third-party contractors can be
challenging, as they may not be as committed to project
timelines as on-site workers.
Solution:
Utilize project management tools to monitor contractor
performance and ensure alignment with project goals.
ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS AND
CIVIL ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS
1. HURRICANE KATRINA (2005) - USA
Hurricane Katrina, a 2005 disaster causing over 1,390 deaths
and $125 billion in damages, caused widespread devastation
along the U.S. Gulf Coast, including catastrophic flooding in
New Orleans.
Developments:
Strengthened levee and floodwall systems using modern
materials.
Implementation of advanced stormwater management
systems.
Development of stricter building codes for flood-prone
areas.
2. INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI (2004) - SOUTHEAST ASIA
The tsunami caused a massive natural disaster, killing 225,000
people in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Maldives, and Thailand. The
death toll in Indonesia exceeded 200,000, with tens of
thousands dead or missing in Sri Lanka and India. The Maldives
reported over 100 casualties and economic damage. The lack of
food, clean water, and medical treatment further extended
casualties. Long-term environmental damage was severe.
Developments:
Construction of tsunami-resistant infrastructure, such as
elevated buildings.
Improved early warning systems and evacuation plans.
Adoption of coastal green belts (mangroves) for natural
protection.
3. TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI (2011) - JAPAN
On March 11, 2011, Japan experienced its strongest earthquake
in recorded history, causing a tsunami that caused over
450,000 people to become homeless and 15,500 to die. The
Tohoku earthquake also caused the meltdown of three nuclear
reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant,
releasing toxic materials and forcing thousands to evacuate
their homes and businesses.
Developments:
Reinforcement of building codes for earthquake and
tsunami resistance.
Development of advanced earthquake-dampening
technologies in skyscrapers.
Construction of higher and more robust seawalls along
coastal areas.
Use of pendulum
4. TYPHOON HAIYAN (YOLANDA) (2013)
Super Typhoon Haiyan, a powerful tropical cyclone, displaced
over 4 million people in the Philippines in 2013, causing
significant damage to housing and infrastructure. Despite
major progress in relief, recovery, and reconstruction,
significant challenges remain. A report examines durable
solutions to displacement in post-Haiyan Philippines,
highlighting the potential for future post-disaster responses.
Developments:
Construction of typhoon-resilient housing and evacuation
centers.
Implementation of comprehensive disaster risk reduction
and management systems.
Reforestation programs for natural barriers against storm
surges.
5. LUZON EARTHQUAKE (1990)
The Philippines, a disaster-prone country located on the Pacific
Ring of Fire, experienced one of its deadliest earthquakes on
July 16, 1990. The 7.7-magnitude Luzon earthquake caused
massive destruction, including collapsed buildings, blocked
roads, and landslides, resulting in 2,412 deaths and $369 million
in damages, with Baguio City being the hardest hit. Rescue
efforts were hindered by aftershocks, landslides, and
infrastructure damage, highlighting the city's vulnerability due
to its location on multiple fault lines.
Developments:
Revised seismic design codes for buildings and bridges.
Promotion of earthquake-resilient designs for critical
infrastructure.
Development of geohazard mapping to guide construction
in safer zones.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
REPORTERS
MEMBERS LEADER
Carampil, Wilfred Aeron E. Moran, Alwynpol L.
Cardenas, Ryson James C.
Domingo, Yoanna Yssabel Q.
Lucas, Monica A.
Mora, Stefhanie Jhoyce G.
Patricio, Jade T.
Group 6
