Questions

Q1.

Answer the questions with a cross in the boxes you think are correct . If you change your mind
about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

Plant cells contain organelles.

The diagram shows a plant cell containing some organelles.

(a) (i) What is the total number of organelles shown in the diagram that absorb light?
(1)
A 1
B 6
C 11
D 12

(ii) Name an organelle not shown in the diagram that makes ATP.
(1)
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(b) The magnification of the cell is calculated using this formula.

The actual width of the cell is 40 μm.

The magnification of the plant cell is
(1)
A ×0.06
B ×0.6
C ×6
D ×600

(c) (i) Name an organelle found in a plant cell but not found in an animal cell.
(1)
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(ii) The location of the genetic material in a bacterium is different from the
location of the genetic material in a plant cell.
Give a location in a bacterium where genetic material is found.
(1)
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(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q2.

The human liver produces bile.

(a) Explain the role of bile in digestion.

(4)
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(b) These are the three main blood vessels attached to the liver.

· hepatic artery
· hepatic vein
· hepatic portal vein
How many of these blood vessels transport deoxygenated blood from the liver?
(1)
A 0

B 1

C 2

D 3

(c) A scientist investigates the glucose concentration in a person's hepatic portal vein and hepatic vein
after the person has eaten a meal.
This is the scientist's method.

· give a person a meal to eat

· after one hour take a blood sample from the hepatic portal vein and a blood sample from the hepatic
vein
· measure the glucose concentration in both samples
· after five hours take another blood sample from each of the two veins
· measure the glucose concentration in both samples
 The table shows the scientist's results.

(i) After one hour, the concentration of glucose in the hepatic portal vein is higher than the
concentration of glucose in the hepatic vein.
Explain this difference in concentration.
(3)
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(ii) After five hours, the concentration of glucose in the hepatic vein is higher than the concentration of
glucose in the hepatic portal vein.
Explain this difference in concentration.
(2)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q3.

(a) A student investigates the sugar content of four different fruit juices.
This is the student's method.
· add 5 cm3 of fruit juice to a boiling tube
· add 5 cm3 of Benedict's solution to the boiling tube
· place the boiling tube in a water bath at 70 °C for three minutes
· remove the boiling tube and record the colour of the solution
The student uses this method for each of the four fruit juices.
The table shows the student's results.

(i) Give two variables that the student controls in his investigation.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give the juices A, B, C and D in order of sugar content, from highest to lowest.
(2)

(iii) The student is now given sugar solutions with concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10% and 20%.
Explain how the student could use these solutions to estimate the concentration of sugar in the four
fruit juices.
(3)
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(b) Some fruit juices contain high concentrations of sugar.

These fruit juices increase the number of bacteria in the mouth.
This may lead to an increase in tooth decay.
(i) Suggest why high concentrations of sugar may increase tooth decay.
(2)
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(ii) Explain another health risk to children who drink fruit juices with high concentrations of sugars.
(2)
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(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q4.

(a) The diagram shows the structure of a human eye.

(i) Which of these is the structure labelled X?

(1)
A conjunctiva
B cornea
C lens
D retina

(ii) When looking at a close object, which row of the table shows the state of the ciliary muscles and
suspensory ligaments?
 (1)

(iii) Explain how structure Y controls the light entering the eye when someone walks into a dark room.
(2)
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(b) Multiple sclerosis is a condition that can slow down the speed at which electrical impulses travel along
neurones.
The time taken for the blink reflex to occur can be used to help diagnose if someone has multiple
sclerosis.
The blink reflex causes the eyelid to close.
Air is blown on to the eye and the time taken for the eyelid to close is recorded.
The diagram shows the reflex pathway.

The speed the impulse moves along the reflex arc consisting of all three neurones in a person without
multiple sclerosis is 77 metres per second.
The time taken for the blink reflex to occur in a person with multiple sclerosis is 0.0050 s.
The total length of the neurones in the reflex arc for the person with multiple sclerosis is 25 cm.
(i) Calculate the difference between the speed of impulse for the person with multiple sclerosis and for
the person without multiple sclerosis, in metres per second.
(3)

........................................................... m / s
(ii) The speed of an impulse along the axon of the motor neurone for someone without multiple
sclerosis is 120 metres per second.
 Suggest why the speed of the impulse calculated along all three neurones is less than the speed of
the impulse along only the motor neurone.
(2)
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(Total for question = 9 marks)

Q5.

The diagram shows a cell.

(a) (i) Which type of cell does the diagram show?

(1)
A an animal
B a bacterium
C a fungus
D a plant

(ii) The statements below describe conditions required for some molecules to move into this cell.
1. a concentration gradient
2. use of ATP
Which of these statements is correct for the process for osmosis?
(1)
A 1 only
B 2 only
C 1 and 2
D neither 1 nor 2

(b) The diagram shows some of the apparatus used to investigate the rate of osmosis.
 In the space below draw a labelled diagram to show how you would put this apparatus together to
investigate the rate of osmosis.
(4)

(c) The apparatus is used to find out the effect of different sucrose concentrations on the rate of osmosis.
The graph below shows the results.

Calculate, using information from the graph, the rate of osmosis in mm per minute that would occur for a
sucrose concentration of 2.5%. Show your working.
(2)
 rate of osmosis = ........................................................... mm per minute

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q6.

(a) The table gives some information about enzymes in the human digestive system.
Complete the table by giving the missing information.
(4)

(b) Some scientists have investigated the effect of vinegar (a weak acid) on the digestion of starch.
Design an investigation to discover the effect of vinegar on the digestion of starch.
Include experimental details in your answer and write in full sentences.
(6)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q7.

The diagram shows the human alimentary canal.

(a) (i) Explain how food passes down the oesophagus.

(2)
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(ii) Which labelled structure produces bile?
(1)
A
B
C
 D

(iii) Describe the role of bile in digestion.

(3)
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(b) Lipase inhibitors are chemicals that bind to lipase enzymes.

To test the effect of a lipase inhibitor, equal masses of full fat milk are placed into two test tubes.
Lipase inhibitor is added to one test tube.
Lipase is added to both test tubes and the pH of each solution is measured every five minutes.
The results are shown in the table.

(i) Calculate the mean rate of pH change per minute of the solution without lipase inhibitor.
(2)

mean rate of pH change = ........................................................... per minute

(ii) Explain the difference in the changes of pH of the solutions in the two test tubes during the 20-
minute period.
(2)
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(iii) Doctors use this method to investigate the use of lipase inhibitor as a treatment for obesity.

· give three volunteers a tablet containing the lipase inhibitor

· give another three volunteers a tablet with no lipase inhibitor
· give all the volunteers 100 cm3 of olive oil to drink
· measure the lipid concentrations in the blood of the volunteers after three hours
Some of the volunteers reported abdominal pains three hours after drinking the olive oil.
The table shows the doctors' results.

Discuss the use of the lipase inhibitor as a treatment for obesity.

Use the data from the table to support your answer.
(5)
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(Total for question = 15 marks)

Q8.

Bread contains starch.

(a) Describe how you would test a piece of bread to show it contains starch.
(2)
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(b) The diagram shows the mycelium of an organism growing on a piece of bread.

(i) Which type of organism is shown growing on the bread?

(1)
A bacterium
B fungus
C protoctist
D virus

(ii) Which enzyme is released by the organism to digest starch?

(1)
A amylase
B ligase
C lipase
D protease

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q9.
A student does an experiment to show that a leaf is only able to produce starch if it receives enough light.

(a) The student removes all the starch from the leaf before starting the experiment.
(i) Describe how the student could remove all the starch from the leaf.
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(ii) State why the student removes all the starch from the leaf before starting the experiment.
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(b) Before testing a leaf for starch, chlorophyll needs to be removed.

Give a safety precaution the student needs to take when removing chlorophyll.
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(c) Give a suitable control the student should use in this experiment.
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(d) Describe how the structure of the leaf is adapted for photosynthesis.
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q10.

The diagram shows the location of the lungs in a horse.

(a) (i) The part labelled X is the

(1)
A bronchiole
B bronchus
C oesophagus
D trachea

(ii) Which blood vessel transports blood to the horse's lungs?

(1)
A aorta
B pulmonary artery
C pulmonary vein
D vena cava

(iii) Which row of the table describes what happens when the horse breathes in?
(1)

(b) The table shows the percentage of total blood flow in different body parts of a horse at rest and when
running.
 Comment on the changes in the percentage of total blood flow in these body parts.
(4)
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(c) The horse breathes faster and deeper when running.

Explain why the horse continues to breathe faster and deeper for a period of time after it has stopped
running.
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(Total for question = 9 marks)

Q11.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

The diagram shows the internal anatomy of a cat with some organs labelled.

(a) (i) Some of the organs labelled are part of the digestive system.
Which of these structures is part of the digestive system?
(1)
A structure P
B structure Q
C structure S
D structure U

(ii) One of the organs labelled is part of the circulation system.

Which of these structures is part of the circulation system?
(1)
A structure P
B structure R
C structure S
D structure U

(b) Ventilation and gas exchange take place in the cat's lungs.
The movement of air into the lungs is caused by the movement of the rib cage and the diaphragm.
Which of these makes the cat breathe in?
(1)
A diaphragm contracts and the volume within the rib cage decreases
B diaphragm contracts and the volume within the rib cage increases
C diaphragm relaxes and the volume within the rib cage decreases
D diaphragm relaxes and the volume within the rib cage increases

(c) The table gives some information about the composition of inhaled air and exhaled air.
It compares the volumes of three gases in inhaled air and in exhaled air.
 (i) Determine which gas shows the greatest percentage change from its volume in inhaled air to its
volume in exhaled air.
(2)

(ii) Explain the differences between the composition of inhaled air and exhaled air shown in the table.
(4)
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(iii) Explain how the structure of the lungs is adapted for efficient gas exchange.
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(Total for question = 13 marks)

Q12.

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and produces ATP.

(a) Complete the word equation for aerobic respiration.

(2)
oxygen + ................................................... → ...................................................
+ ................................................... + ATP

(b) A scientist investigates the rates of aerobic respiration of some animals.

The scientist calculates the rate of respiration per gram of each animal.
The results are shown in the table.

Explain why a mouse uses more oxygen per gram than a human.
(3)
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(c) The structure of a frog heart is different from the structure of a human heart.
The diagram shows a section of a frog heart with arrows showing the direction of blood flow.

(i) What is the name of the blood vessel labelled X?

(1)
 A aorta
B pulmonary artery
C pulmonary vein
D vena cava

(ii) Give one difference between the structure of the frog heart and a human heart.
(1)
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(iii) Humans can run for long periods of time. Frogs can only move for short periods of time.
Explain how the structure of the heart of a frog means that it is unable to move for long periods of
time.
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(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q13.
A student uses this method to investigate the effect of fertiliser on the growth of plant seedlings.

· set up two trays with an equal mass of compost in each tray

· plant 100 seeds, equally spaced, in each tray
· place the trays under the same lamp until the seeds start to germinate
· water each tray every day with the same volume of water
· add fertiliser to one of the trays every day
· remove five seedlings from each tray every four days for a period of 20 days
· dry these seedlings in an oven and find their mass

The table shows the student's results.

(a) (i) Give two abiotic variables that the student controls.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................
(ii) The student dries the seedlings in an oven to find their dry mass.
Suggest why it is important to use dry mass in this investigation.
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(b) (i) Plot a line graph to show the dry mass of seedlings without fertiliser and the dry mass of seedlings
with fertiliser, from day 4 to day 20.

Use a ruler to join your points with straight lines.

(5)
 (ii) The fertiliser contains magnesium ions and nitrate ions.
Explain the effect of these two ions on the growth of the seedlings.
(4)
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(Total for question = 13 marks)

Mark Scheme
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.
Q12.
Q13.