EN1003 - GREEN TECHNOLOGY

GREEN CHEMISTRY

Lecturer: Du MyLe

11.2022 - Term 221

DML – Department of Environmental Engineering 2
 Bus: Bụi: 1.4, CO 6.6, HC 5.3, NO2 16.5 [g/km]

Xe tải nhẹ 3.5tấn: Bụi : 4.3, CO 300, HC 30, NO2 20 [g/km]

Xe máy Bụi: 3.7, CO 12.09, HC 1.02, NO2 0.11 [g/km]

3
 GREEN CHEMISTRY
DEFINITION
Green Chemistry is the utilisation of a set of
principles that reduces or eliminates the
use or generation of hazardous substances
in the design, manufacture and application of
chemical products.

4
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 GREEN CHEMISTRY
GREEN CHEMISTRY IS ABOUT

• Waste Minimisation at Source

• Use of Catalysts in place of Reagents
• Using Non-Toxic Reagents
• Use of Renewable Resources
• Improved Atom Efficiency
• Use of Solvent Free or Recyclable
Environmentally Benign Solvent systems
5
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Green Chemistry Is About...

Waste
Materials
Hazard
Risk

Energy

Cost

6
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Why do we need Green Chemistry ?

Chemistry is undeniably a very prominent part of our

daily lives.
Chemical developments also bring new environmental
problems and harmful unexpected side effects, which
result in the need for ‘greener’ chemical products.
A famous example is the pesticide DDT.

7
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Green chemistry looks at pollution
prevention on the molecular scale and
is an extremely important area of
Chemistry due to the importance of
Chemistry in our world today and the
implications it can show on our
environment.
8
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 The Green Chemistry program supports
the invention of more environmentally
friendly chemical processes which reduce
or even eliminate the generation of
hazardous substances.
This program works very closely with the
twelve principles of Green Chemistry.

9
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry
1. Prevention
It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.

2. Atom Economy
Synthetic methods should be designed to maximise the incorporation of all materials
used in the process into the final product.

3. Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis

Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate
substances that possess little or no toxicity to people or the environment.

4. Designing Safer Chemicals

Chemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while minimising
their toxicity.

5. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries

The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents or separation agents) should be made
unnecessary whenever possible and innocuous when used.

6. Design for Energy Efficiency

Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognised for their environmental
and economic impacts and should be minimised. If possible, synthetic methods should be
conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.

DML – Department of Environmental Engineering 10

 The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry
7 Use of Renewable Feedstocks
A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practicable.

8 Reduce Derivatives
Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups, protection/de-protection, and temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimised
or avoided if possible, because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste.

9 Catalysis
Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.

10 Design for Degradation

Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products and do not persist in the
environment.

11 Real-time Analysis for Pollution Prevention

Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.

12 Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention

Substances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimise the potential for chemical accidents, including releases,
explosions, and fires.

DML – Department of Environmental Engineering 11

 “It is better to prevent waste than to treat
or clean up waste after it is formed”

Chemical Process

DML – Department of Environmental Engineering

 Classic Route to Ibuprofen
H C l, A cO H , A l W a ste HCl AcO H

A c2 O H2O / H +
Cl C H 2 C O 2 Et
Al Cl 3
N a O Et

C O C H3

Et O 2 C
O OHC

N H2O H

H2O / H +

N OHN
H O2C

DML – Department of Environmental Engineering

N H3 13
 Hoechst Route To Ibuprofen

AcOH

HF H2 / Ni CO, Pd
Ac2O

O HO HO2C

DML – Department of Environmental Engineering 14

 “The use of auxiliary substances (e.g. solvents,
separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary
wherever possible, and innocuous when used”

DML – Department of Environmental Engineering 15

 “Energy requirements should be recognized for
their environmental impacts and should be
minimized.

Synthetic methods should be conducted at

ambient pressure and temperature”

DML – Department of Environmental Engineering

 Heating
Cooling
Stirring
Distillation GLOBAL WARMING
Compression
Pumping
Separation

Energy Requirement Burn fossil CO2 to

(electricity) fuel atmosphere
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering 17
 “A raw material of feedstock should be renewable
rather than depleting wherever technically and
economically practical”

Non-renewable Renewable

DML – Department of Environmental Engineering 18

19
 Resource Depletion

Renewable resources can be made increasingly

viable technologically and economically through
green chemistry.

Biomass Carbondioxide
Nanoscience
Solar Waste utilization
20
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Poly lactic acid (PLA) for plastics production

21
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA’s)

22
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 The major uses of GREEN CHEMISTRY

• Energy
• Global Change
• Resource Depletion
• Food Supply
• Toxics in the Environment
From EPA

23
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Energy

u The vast majority of the energy generated in

the world today is from non-renewable
sources that damage the environment.
n Carbon dioxide
n Depletion of Ozone layer
n Effects of mining, drilling, etc
n Toxics

24
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Energy

u Green Chemistry will be essential in

n developing the alternatives for energy generation
(photovoltaics, hydrogen, fuel cells, biobased fuels,
etc.) as well as
n continue the path toward energy efficiency with
catalysis and product design at the forefront.

25
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Global Change
§ Concerns for climate change, oceanic
temperature, stratospheric chemistry and
global distillation can be addressed through the
development and implementation of green
chemistry technologies.

26
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Resource Depletion

u Due to the over utilization of non-renewable

resources, natural resources are being
depleted at an unsustainable rate.
u Fossil fuels are a central issue.

27
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Resource Depletion
u Renewable resources can be made
increasingly viable technologically and
economically through green chemistry.
n Biomass
n Nanoscience & technology
n Solar
n Carbon dioxide
n Chitin
n Waste utilization
28
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Food Supply

uWhile current food levels are sufficient,

distribution is inadequate
u Agricultural methods are unsustainable
u Future food production intensity is needed.
u Green chemistry can address many food supply
issues

29
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Food Supply

u Green chemistry is developing:

n Pesticides which only affect target organisms and
degrade to innocuous by-products.
n Fertilizers and fertilizer adjuvants that are
designed to minimize usage while maximizing
effectiveness.
n Methods of using agricultural wastes for beneficial
and profitable uses.

30
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Toxics in the Environment

u Substances that are toxic to humans, the

biosphere and all that sustains it, are currently still
being released at a cost of life, health and
sustainability.
u One of green chemistry’s greatest strengths is the
ability to design for reduced hazard.

31
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Pollution Prevention Hierarchy

Prevention & Reduction

Recycling & Reuse

Treatment

Disposal

32
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering
 Conclusion
Green chemistry Not a solution to
all environmental problems But the
most fundamental approach to
preventing pollution.

33
DML – Department of Environmental Engineering