REPUBLIC OF KENYA

MINISTRY OF INDUSTRIALISATION, TRADE AND ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT

STATE DEPARTMENT FOR TRADE AND ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT

POLICY BRIEF
KENYA’S NATIONAL AfCFTA
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
2022 - 2027

Kilindini habour at night

Photo Credit: Getty Images/nektofadeev@[Link]

Executive Summary
The signing of the agreement establishing AfCFTA performance in meeting her commitments under the
in Kigali, Rwanda, in 21st March, 2018 was a key various Pan-African integration frameworks.
milestone for Africa’s trade Agenda. Kenya is an
active participant in regional economic integration AfCFTA is a game changer and a key engine
initiatives and in promoting Pan-Africanism and its of economic growth and industrialisation for
values. Kenya’s active participation in the regional sustainable development. The Agreement enables
agenda is demonstrated by commitment from country specialisation in sectors with comparative
Kenya’s leadership as well as the country’s strong advantage, economies of scale, structural

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Kenya’s National AfCFTA Implementation Strategy 2022 - 2027

transformation and the creation of a continental This strategy outlines a broad and inclusive list of
single market of over 1.2 billion people and a prioritised AfCFTA sectors for merchandise goods,
combined GDP of over US$ 2.5 trillion. services and regional value chains that builds on
three sectors identified in Kenya’s Integrated National
This Strategy is to leverage deeper integration within Export Development and Promotion Strategy. In
the framework of the African Continental Free Trade addition, the strategy encompasses a vision and
Area (AfCFTA) to facilitate an expansion of Kenya’s mission as well as seven strategic objectives born
trade and investment in Africa, support structural out of a robust situational analysis of Kenya’s current
transformation and foster economic growth and production systems and trade patterns, Kenya’s
sustainable development. policy, regulatory and institutional framework, and
the instruments provided under the AfCFTA.
The National AfCFTA Implementation Strategy (2022-
2027) was developed to deliver the expected outcomes The National AfCFTA Implementation Strategy
of AfCFTA. The Strategy is anchored within Kenya’s outlines a risk mitigation plan with an identified
national trade and development frameworks and risk owner and related risk mitigation actions to key
aspires to contribute towards national development. risks to strategy implementation. It also provides a
This will be achieved through securing of markets communication plan that focuses on undertaking
for goods and services within the African region, national AfCFTA sensitisation campaigns. The strategy
promoting value addition and the diversification of delineates a robust monitoring and evaluation
products in those markets by leveraging protection framework to track implementation. On the other
of intellectual property rights, creating conditions for hand, the strategy recommends the establishment
increased participation of MSMEs, women, youth and of an AfCFTA National Implementation Committee
persons with disabilities in trade and investment, and that among other things will be responsible for the
promoting ‘safe trade’ with mitigating interventions implementation of this strategy, mainstreaming
on impact of COVID-19. In so doing, this strategy gender and fostering empowerment of youth
provides a comprehensive approach to trade and and person with disability managing risks and
investment opportunities in Africa, Kenya’s most communications, mobilising financing and
important exporting region, which, in the past, has monitoring and evaluation.
been approached in a fragmented way.

SGR Nairobi terminus

Photo Credit: Getty Images/Bloomberg

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 Kenya’s National AfCFTA Implementation Strategy 2022 - 2027

Recently completed Nairobi express way

Credit: Getty Images/ Simon Maina

Strategic Objectives
The mission for the National AfCFTA Implementation Develop a comprehensive and efficient
Strategy is to bolster Kenya’s trade and investment common national approach to continental
with the AfCFTA states parties in order to support integration and increase awareness around
inclusive economic growth and sustainable AfCFTA for all stakeholders;
development.
Ensure adequate and timely financing for
The Strategic objectives of this National AfCFTA strategy implementation; and
Implementation Strategy include: -
Contribute to sustainable development
Facilitate safe, secure and effective trade in through mutually supportive trade and
goods and services within the AfCFTA; environment initiatives

Enhance Kenya’s productive capacity and the The specific goals of this National AfCFTA implementa-
competitive advantage of domestic producers tion strategy over the next five years are as follows:
and exporters under AfCFTA;
Consolidate, diversify and expand Kenya’s
Build strong institutional and regulatory Exports to Africa; and
framework to support effective
implementation of AfCFTA Agreement; Ensure Kenya’s manufacturing sector real
value-added increases by 5% per annum
Facilitate inclusiveness (women, youth,
persons with disabilities) and the active These goals are achievable given the following:
participation of MSMEs in leveraging
a. Rebounding of domestic exports: Over the
opportunities under AfCFTA for sustainable
period 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2025,
development;
Kenya is expected to commence exports of

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Kenya’s National AfCFTA Implementation Strategy 2022 - 2027

recently discovered crude oil. Moreover, there

is expected to be significant levels of tariff c. Rebounding service exports: Kenya being a
liberalisation in non-LDC African countries Partner State of the EAC, has liberalised the
for products that Kenya already exports to five priority sectors through her submitted
Europe, U.S. and Asia. These products include initial offers to the AfCFTA Secretariat. As such
fresh vegetables, floriculture, coffee, tea, soap, expected that through the requests and offers
detergents, textiles, and apparel amongst exchanged with other member states Kenya’s
others (see Annex 2 on likely products and service exports to Africa will robustly increase
African markets). As a result, it is possible for over the period 2021-2025 than the 4.6% per
Kenya to significantly improve on its domestic annum increase in service exports over the
export performance to Africa over the 5-year period 2013-2018.
period 2021-2025 - as compared to the tepid
3.5% per annum increase in domestic exports d. Rebounding manufacturing sector: With
over the period 2013-2018. tariff liberalisations under the AfCFTA and
commensurate government interventions
b. Strong re-exports: With Mombasa’s port to tackle production and supply constraints
expansion, the operationalisation of SGR’s and improve export competitiveness, there is
freight and increased efficiencies at border- scope for increasing Kenya’s manufacturing
points, it is possible for Kenya’s re-exports to value added significantly over the period
register strong growth over the 5-year period 2021-2025 compared to 2.7% and 0.2%
2021-2025 as compared to the 14.3% per growth in 2016 and 2017, respectively.
annum increase in re-exports over the period
2013-2018.

Identification of Priority Export Products and Markets

Recommended Prioritised AfCFTA Merchandise Goods Priority Sectors
Agriculture, Livestock
HS Code Manufucturing HS Code
and Fisheries
Agriculture

Coffee 0901 Covid-19 sleaning supplies snd PPEs Various

Tea 0902 Covid-19 testing kits, therapeutics & vaccines Various
Vegetables & pulses 0701-0714
Floriculture 0602-0604 Textiles and apparel 60,61,62 and 63
Fruits & nuts 0801-0814 Leather and leather products 42 and 64
Sisal fiber & fiber products Pharmaceuticals 30
Khat-miraa Plastic and plastic products 39
Pyrethrum extract Metals and allied products 72, 73, 76 and83
Gum arabic 1301 Chemiclas and allied industries 33, 34 And 38
Orphan crops () Light engineering 85
Cotton () Furniture and furnishings industry 94
Tobacco leaves () Automotive and automotive parts 87

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 Kenya’s National AfCFTA Implementation Strategy 2022 - 2027

Livestock Mining, Oil and Gas

Live Animals 0102 And 0104 Mining Industry 7101, 7103, 7108, 7112, 7113
and 7116
Germ Plasm 0511 10/99 and 3001 20/90 Oil and Gas (Petroleum) 2710
Industry
Fisheries
Fish industry 0302, 0303, 0304, 0305,
0306 And 0307
Handicraft Industry
Handmade and decorated HS Code
fabrics
Leather crafts 5810, 5701, 5705, 5808, 5810, 5811
Basketry 640510
Woodwork and crafts 4602
Metalwork and crafts 442010, 940330
Jewellery 830629, 732690
Stone cravings 7114,7115 And 7117
Pottery and ceramics 680299, 680291, 680292
Beads 6911, 6912, 6913, 691490
Traditional articafts 9701, 9702, 9703, 9704, 9705

Recommended Prioritised AfCFTA Services and Regional Value Chains

Prioritised Services Prioritised Regional Value Chains

COVID-19 Prioritised Services COVID-19 Prioritised RVCs

Digital solutions in business COVID-19 Cleaning supplies and PPEs
Apps for contact tracing/tracking COVID-19 testing kits therapeutics and vaccines
Transport and Logistics COVID-19 products
Business services* NEDPS Agro-processing (grains and dairy)
ICT service {communication*} NEDPS Leather and leather products
Financial services* NEDPS Fisheries and aquatic products
Tourism and travel* NEDPS Tourism
Transport* NEDPS Distribution services
Education services NEDPS Energy services
Health services NEDPS Construction services
Recreation, cultural and sport services NEDPS Environmental services
Distribution services
Energy services
Construction services
Environmental services
* Prioritised AfCFTA Services identified in 2018 AU Meeting

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Kenya’s National AfCFTA Implementation Strategy 2022 - 2027

Coordination, Communication, Monitoring and Evaluation

AfCFTA National Implementation The technical arm of the NIC will be a Secretariat
Committee (NIC) that has Technical Working Groups to oversee
implementation of the AfCFTA Agreement and Kenya’s
National AfCFTA Strategy.
a) NIC mandate and functions
To implement the Strategy it is recommended
An AfCFTA National Implementation Committee (NIC)
that, the ‘cluster arrangement’ proposed under the
is necessary to ensure effective and coordinated
Boosting Intra-African Trade Action plan be followed.
implementation of this National AfCFTA strategy.
The arrangement includes seven trade working group
The AfCFTA NIC will be responsible for overall
clusters: Trade Policy; Trade Facilitation; Enhancing
coordination of the implementation of the AfCFTA
Productive Capacity; Trade Related Infrastructure;
strategy. More specifically, the NIC will be responsible
Trade Information; Trade and Development Finance;
for the following:
and Factor Market Integration.
Implementing AfCFTA Agreement and Kenya’s
National AfCFTA implementation strategy;
Mainstreaming gender and youth in strategy c) Success Factors
implementation;
Towards assuring the success of the National AfCFTA
Managing communications and implementing governance structure it is vital that lessons learned
the communication plan; from implementation of National Trade Facilitation
Mobilising sufficient financing for the strategy Committees be taken in account. During stakeholder
implementation; forums conducted, the following 5 factors have been
Managing risks associated with strategy deemed essential for successful implementation of
implementation; this strategy:
Developing annual work plans, budget and Gazettement of the Committee and its
periodic progress reports; and Technical Working Groups;
Monitoring and evaluating the national AfCFTA Establishment of a Permanent Secretariat
strategy implementation. headed by the national focal point of the
AfCFTA;
b) Composition of NIC Implementation of the National AfCFTA
Strategy;
The NIC will be housed within the Ministry
Resource mobilisation for effective
responsible for Trade. The members of NIC will
implementation of the Strategy; and
be drawn from the following institutions and/or
organisations: Inclusivity at both the development and
implementation stages of the strategy. AfCFTA
Line Ministries, Departments and Agencies governance is a cross-divisional and cross-
(MDAs); sectoral endeavour.
CEO of Council of Governors; Periodic training on gender mainstreaming
Private Sector Associations; and gender-sensitive implementation and
Relevant academic and research institutions; trade policy
and
Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)

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 Kenya’s National AfCFTA Implementation Strategy 2022 - 2027

Communication Plan Private Sector and the Associations

The National AfCFTA Implementation Committee
Large companies
has one of its functions as managing AfCFTA
communications and AfCFTA national sensitization MSMEs (including cross-border traders, small-
campaign. The primary objectives of the National scale farmers, fishermen, and pastoralists)
AfCFTA Communication plan are to: Private Sector Associations

Create and maintain awareness and

understanding about the AfCFTA among all Civil Society in Kenya
stakeholders; Women, Youth and PWDs
Map and segment the different audiences
Academia
and target them in the rollout of the
communication plan; Media
Identify AfCFTA champions, sensitise them Other interest groups
on the AfCFTA and engage them in rollout of
communication plan;
External Players and Parties
Organise and implement a mass media
campaign on the AfCFTA; and Kenyan diplomatic missions abroad

Develop relevant content in local languages Foreign governments and their missions in Kenya
where possible (videos, fliers, newspaper Foreign country chambers of commerce
articles, animations, images Et cetera.) for
promotion of AfCFTA Agenda, Kenya’s exports Economic operators, business interest groups and
commercial operators
in the destination markets and sensitisation
of the trade and services value chain on the Foreign country civil society organisations based
various media and trade platforms. in Kenya
Regional, continental and international
The targeted stakeholders at the national and county- organisations
levels for this communication plan are government,
the private sector and their associations and civil
society. Outside of Kenya, the targeted stakeholders
are Kenya’s Missions’ abroad, foreign governments
and regional, continental and international a) Government
organisations amongst others (see following table).
At the government level, the national sensitisation
Communication Plan – Target Groups campaign will focus on sensitising the different
government branches at the national and county
National and County-Levels levels. The discussion will include: the scope of
AfCFTA Agreement and status of operationalisation;
Government AfCFTA’s implications to Kenya; what econometric
Government (National and County) modelling says about the consequences for Kenya;
the main arguments in favour of AfCFTA; and the
Legislature National Strategy (including metrics for evaluation
Parastatals and coordination structures).

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Kenya’s National AfCFTA Implementation Strategy 2022 - 2027

Export processing zone, Athi River Kenya

Photo Credit: Getty Images/ Bloomberg

This national sensitisation campaign at the MDAs in the 1st year of implementation of the
government-level will also focus on sensitising strategy (subsequently on a need basis);
Kenya’s Foreign Service staff on AfCFTA so that they
Prepare and circulate periodic cabinet briefs
position Kenya as an AfCFTA leader in Africa and a
on AfCFTA;
key investment anchor and trade hub in Africa. In
addition, Kenya’s Foreign Service officers stationed in Sensitise Kenya’s Foreign Service Officers
Africa should be sensitised to promote Kenya’s brand on need to promote Kenya’s brand in Africa,
across Africa. position Kenya as leader in regional and
continental integration efforts and as a key
The national sensitisation campaign at the government investment anchor and trade hub in Africa;
level should sensitise agriculture, livestock and fisheries
extension officers on AfCFTA so that they can effectively Sensitise agriculture, livestock and fisheries
rollout a plan to sensitise farmers, pastoralists and extension officers on AfCFTA so that they
fishermen on AfCFTA and its opportunities during the can include sensitisation of AfCFTA in their
course of their extension work. extension work; and
Institute feed-back mechanism to get
The National Implementation Committee (NIC)
perspectives on opportunities and challenges
and State Departments for Trade and Enterprise
on AfCFTA implementation from all
Development should take the lead in this sensitisation
stakeholders.
effort. Specific actions to be conducted are as follows:

Conduct one day sensitisation retreat on In addition, the NIC should encourage regular
AfCFTA for high-level functionaries (annually); State Party to State Party interactions on AfCFTA
implementation process to share experiences and get
Conduct one sensitisation workshop for
insights.
officers holding directorship positions in line
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 Kenya’s National AfCFTA Implementation Strategy 2022 - 2027

b) Private Sector Conduct annual sensitisation campaigns at

border points;
At the private-sector level, the national sensitisation
campaign should focus on sensitising the private In collaboration with County Governments
sector and their respective associations on the agricultural extension officers, conduct
following: the scope of AfCFTA Agreement and status sensitisation of farmers;
of operationalisation; main arguments in favour of Identify 4 Entrepreneurial Champions on
AfCFTA and the benefits to African businesses; trade AfCFTA and incorporate them in the rollout
and business opportunities within AfCFTA countries plan for its implementation;
for various commodities and services; market- Institute feed-back mechanism to get
access requirements in these priority countries perspectives on opportunities and challenges
and commodities and services; rules of origin and from private sector and their associations on
products– that is rules to be satisfied by businesses AfCFTA;
to qualify for tariff preferences; documentations; Organise and conduct sector focused
government actions in support of business taking business forums and B2B meetings with their
advantage of AfCFTA; trade facilitation measures counterparts in the continent; and
and mechanisms; dispute settlement mechanism
Disseminate information on market
and trade remedy measures. In addition, the private
opportunities, compliant products and
sector should be informed about the role of the
sectors with applicable rules of origin.
National Implementation Committee of AfCFTA.
Moreover, a feed-back mechanism is proposed to be
put in place through which private sector players can
share their expectations, experiences and challenges c) Women
regarding AfCFTA implementation. Women are key actors within Kenya’s private
sector and civil society. They are also a major focus
It is proposed that the NIC, State Departments for of this National AfCFTA Strategy. It is, therefore,
Trade and Industry, Kenya Private Sector Alliance, suggested that specialized sensitisation efforts be
Kenya National Chamber of Commerce and made towards the private sector with additional
Industries, and Kenya Association of Manufacturers emphasis on gender-focused business opportunities,
take lead in this sensitization effort. The specific gender supportive trade facilitation measures and
actions to be conducted are as follows: gender focused aid for trade programmes. These
sensitisation efforts should be led by the State
Conduct quarterly workshops with various Department for Gender as well as the NIC and should
private sector players representing different focus on the following specific actions:
business segments;
Develop and launch product documentary Conduct seminars targeted on women
videos in prioritised value chains;1 organisations as well as colleges and
Establish a digital marketing platform and universities to inform women about AfCFTA;
launch an e-commerce platform in Kenya; Engage in radio discussions on AfCFTA and
Develop videos for instance, animated videos gender on popular radio stations;
in different languages on AfCFTA; Make use of social media platforms to engage
Set up AfCFTA information desk at trade fairs/ with women on AfCFTA matters;
shows to disseminate information on AfCFTA; Organise B2B, B2G and B2C meetings for
women entrepreneurs and traders in the
1 to create awareness and build capacity of private sector actors in those country and outside the country;
sectors.

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Kenya’s National AfCFTA Implementation Strategy 2022 - 2027

Institute mentorship programmes for women

entrepreneurs and traders;
Conduct regular sensitisation campaigns at
border posts targeting women traders;
Identify four Women Champions of the
AfCFTA, train them on AfCFTA matters, and
incorporate them in the implementation
rollout plans;
Institute other programmes to build capacity
of women to trade (e.g., networking groups,
solicit funding and so on.);
Institute feedback-mechanism to get women
expectations, experiences and challenges
regrading AfCFTA; and
Train women in business on the need to
embrace Safe Trade
Ensure content delivery in local languages
where possible, including at border points.
Woman selling goods to tourists
Photo Credit: Getty Images/ jorgriommi
d) Youth
Considering that the youth population constitute Organise B2B, B2G and B2C meetings for
a huge portion of the Kenyan population as well as youth entrepreneurs and traders in the
the African population, there is apparent need for country and outside the country;
targeted sensitization efforts directed towards them
regarding AfCFTA. Such efforts should build on the Engage private sector with youth programmes
communication plans efforts towards the private on AfCFTA;
sector but include an additional emphasis on youth- Institute mentorship programmes for youth
focused business opportunities, youth-supported trade entrepreneurs and traders;
facilitation measures and youth-focused aid-for trade
Identify four ‘Youth Champions on AfCFTA,
programmes. These sensitisation efforts should include
train them on AfCFTA matters, and
the following:
incorporate them in the implementation
Conduct seminars at educational institutions rollout plans;
to inform youth about AfCFTA; Institute other programmes to build
Engage in radio discussion on AfCFTA on capacity of youth to trade (for example,
popular radio stations; IPR sensitisation programmes, branding of
products, solicit funding for example; and
Utilise active social media platforms
(Facebook, Twitter,and so on.) to engage with Institute feedback mechanism to enable
youth on AfCFTA; youth share their views, experiences, insights
and challenges on AfCFTA;
Develop skits and include them in the rollout;

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 Kenya’s National AfCFTA Implementation Strategy 2022 - 2027

Ensure content delivery in local languages The specific sensitisation activities should include the
where possible. following:

Conduct seminars on specified issues;

These sensitisation efforts should be prioritised and
coordinated by the State Department for Youth and Engage in radio discussion on AfCFTA on high
NIC with support of other line MDAs. These include listenership radio stations;
the State Department for Early Learning and Basic Utilise active social media platforms
Education; State Department for Vocational and (Facebook, Twitter,and so on) to engage with
Technical Training; State Department for Post-Training civil society groups on AfCFTA matters;
and Skills Development; and State Department for
Sports. Identify four Civil Society Champions (Social
Activists and Environmentalists) train them on
AfCFTA matters, and incorporate them in the
implementation rollout plans;
e) Civil-Society in Kenya
Organise and implement a mass media
At the civil society-level, the focus of the
campaign on AfCFTA to the general public; and
communication strategy should be on sensitising
academia, civil society organisations, special interest Institute a feedback mechanism to enable civil
groups and the general public on the following: society share their views and/or insights on
AfCFTA Agreement; scope of the Agreement; the AfCFTA.
main arguments in favour of the AfCFTA; and AfCFTA’s
impacts on pertinent issues related to free movement
of people, the environment and food security f) External Players and Parties
amongst others. The sensitisation efforts should also It is important that the communication plan targets
enlighten this category of stakeholders on the Kenya’s external players and parties inside and outside of
National AfCFTA implementation Strategy and the Kenya. These players and parties should include Kenya’s
role of the National Implementation Committee. diplomatic missions abroad, foreign governments,
foreign diplomatic missions in Kenya, foreign country
These efforts should be prioritised and coordinated
civil society organisations, economic and commercial
by the NIC and the State Department for Trade with
operators as well as regional, continental and
support of other line MDAs and relevant NGOs. These
international organisations amongst others.
MDAs include: Ministry responsible for labour and
Social Protection; Ministry responsible for Tourism The messaging to these external players and parties
and Wildlife; Ministry responsible Environment and should be targeted on advancing Kenya’s interests and
Forestry; Ministry responsible for Public Service, participation within AfCFTA. As it relates to Kenya’s
Youth and Gender; and Ministry responsible diplomatic missions abroad and foreign country
for Health. In addition, within civil society, it is chambers of commerce, for example, there should
recommended that the National Implementation be efforts to promote Kenya as a key investment
Committee nominate AfCFTA Champions that anchor and trade hub in Africa. similarly, with
can best champion AfCFTA agenda to special regard to foreign governments as well as regional,
interest groups (for example, social activists and continental and international organisations, there
environmentalists). These AfCFTA Champions can should be an effort to position Kenya as a leader in
be featured in promotional materials and/or media regional and continental integration efforts. Equally, in
as well as participate in national and/or county- relation to foreign country civil society and consumer
level meetings and seminars to promote the AfCFTA organisations, there should be an effort to build
agenda. Kenya’s brand.

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Kenya’s National AfCFTA Implementation Strategy 2022 - 2027

These efforts should be prioritised by NIC and the Consolidating, diversifying and expanding
Ministry responsible for Foreign Affairs. The specific Kenya’s Exports to Africa; and
activities include the following:
Ensuring Kenya’s manufacturing sector real
Engaging with foreign media on AfCFTA; value-added increases by 5% per annum
Hosting AfCFTA-related roundtables and
workshops in Kenya’s embassies and high In addition, the monitoring and evaluation framework
commissions abroad; should track implementation of interventions for
Hosting AfCFTA roundtables with foreign each strategic objective. Each of these interventions
missions, regional organisations, and have either one or more associated indicators.
international organisations in Kenya; Progress on each of these interventions should be
benchmarked against their associated indicators and
Lobbying foreign governments where
be gender-disaggregated where possible.
applicable; and
Participating in similar events in those It is recommended that there be quarterly and annual
countries that are of interest for Kenya. reporting. The quarterly reports should benchmark
actual performance over set targets on key indicators.
At all levels, there should be involvement of media Many of these quarterly performance benchmarks
associations and key media houses for print, will be sourced from quarterly reports from annual
television and radio in the communication strategy. work plans (for example, NTBs) and consolidated.
Thus, reporters should be sensitised on how to cover Meanwhile, the annual reports should provide a more
and report trade related issues. robust assessment as well as details on challenges,
lessons learned and recommendations moving
forward.
Monitoring and Evaluation
In terms of evaluation, a final report at the end of
The importance of monitoring and evaluation the 5th year is recommended which will inform the
cannot be understated. Monitoring and evaluation subsequent 5-year plan. This final report should
allows for the following: tracking implementation assess the extent to which set objectives are met and
of activities, resources, outputs and outcomes; impact created at the end of the 5th year according
facilitating harmonised reporting and communication to the strategic objectives. It will rely heavily on the
of results; and enhancing efficiency in planning and monitoring reports that are generated across the
implementation. period. The criteria for evaluation should be based
on relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and
Overall, the monitoring and evaluation framework
sustainability. Additionally, the assessment should
for the strategy rests on measuring achievement of
be based on implementation framework and theory
the strategy’s specific goals. These goals are outlined
of change.
below:

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