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Vertebrae: 1. Vertebral Body

The document provides a detailed description of vertebrae, including their structure and classification into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae. It outlines the components of a typical vertebra, such as the vertebral body, posterior vertebral arch, and various processes for muscle attachment. Additionally, it highlights the unique characteristics of each type of vertebra and their articulations with adjacent bones.

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19 views6 pages

Vertebrae: 1. Vertebral Body

The document provides a detailed description of vertebrae, including their structure and classification into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae. It outlines the components of a typical vertebra, such as the vertebral body, posterior vertebral arch, and various processes for muscle attachment. Additionally, it highlights the unique characteristics of each type of vertebra and their articulations with adjacent bones.

Uploaded by

moh23m0309
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Vertebrae

Typical vertebra consist of:


1. Vertebral body, is the weight-bearing part of the vertebra and is
linked to adjacent vertebral bodies by intervertebral discs and
ligaments. The size of vertebral bodies increases inferiorly as the
amount of weight supported increases.

2. Posterior vertebral arch,forms the lateral and posterior parts of the


vertebral [Link] consists of pedicles and laminae.
• The two pedicles are bony pillars that attach the vertebral arch to
the vertebral body.
• The two laminae are flat sheets of bone that extend from each
pedicle to meet in the midline and form the roof of the vertebral
arch.

Extending from the vertebral arch are a number of processes for


muscle attachment and articulation with adjacent bones.
• Spinous process.
• Transverse process.
• Superior and inferior articular processes,
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebra
• The body is medium size and heart shaped.
• The vertebral foramen is small and circular.
• The spines are long and Motivated downward.
• The superior articular processes facets posteriorly and laterally, whereas
the facets on the inferior articular processes face anteriorly and medially.

Lumbar Vertebra
• The body is large and kidney shaped
• The pedicles are strong and directed backward.
• The laminae are thick.
• The vertebral foramina are triangular.
• The transverse processes are long and slender.
• The spinous processes are short, flat, & quadrangular and project
backward.
• The articular surfaces of the superior articular processes face medially,
and those of the inferior articular processes face laterally.

Sacrum:
• Consists of 5 rudimentary vertebrae fused together to form a single
wedge-shaped bone, which is concave anteriorly.
• The upper border, or the base, articulates with the fifth lumbar vertebrae.
The narrow inferior border articulates with the coccyx.
• Laterally, the sacrum articulates with the two iliac bones to form the
sacroiliac joints.
• The anterior and upper margin of the first sacral vertebra bulges forward
as the posterior margin of the pelvic inlet and is known as sacral
promontory.
• The sacral promontory in the female is of considerable obstetric
importance and is used when measuring the size of the pelvis.

Coccyx
• Consists of 4 vertebrae fused together to form a small triangular bone,
which articulates at its base with the lower end of the sacrum.
• Consist of bodies only, but the first vertebra possesses a rudimentary
transverse process and cornua.
• The cornua project upward to articulate with the sacral cornua.

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