Republic of the Philippines • On 19th & 20th century historical

PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY criticism was properly formed.

Puerto Princesa City
Richard Simon -founder of historical
criticism
Readings in Philippine History
Midterm Zeus Salazar- Wrote the Pantayong
Pananaw
PART 1: MEANING AND RELEVANCE
OF THE HISTORY WRITTEN SOURCES OF HISTORY

HISTORY Written sources - are usually categorized in

- Derived from the Greek word historia three ways:
- mother of all disciples in the field of social
science 1. Narrative or literary- chronicles or
-Narrates own history tracts presented in narrative form
-Accounts of phenomena, especially human written or impart a message whose
affairs in chronological order motives for their composition vary
-Deals with the study of past events widely

Emilio Aguinaldo – The one who declares Ex. Scientific tract - is typically composed to
Kalayaan inform contemporaries or succeeding
generations.
June 12,1898 – Independence Day
- Newspaper article- might be intended to
Historian - Individuals who wrote about shape the opinion
history -
Biography
HISTORIOGRAPHY - written in phrase
-practice of historical writing - the history of the lives of individual as a
-study of history and methodology of history branch of literature
as discipline
-Historical practice of writing 2. Diplomatic Resources (BEST
SOURCE)
LIMITATION OF HISTORICAL
KNOWLEDGE 3. Social documented - information
- Incompleteness of records has limited man’s pertaining to economic, social, political or
knowledge of history judicial significant.

HISTORICAL METHOD AND NON-WRITTEN SOURCES OF

HISTORIOGRAPHY HISTORY

Historical analysis- historical method Material evidence - known as archeological

historian investigates, collects and examine evidence (the most important unwritten
sources evidence.)

HISTORICAL AS THE SUBJECTIVE Example- pottery, jewelry, dwellings,

PROCESS OR RE-CREATION graves, churches, roads.

• Historians strive to restore the total Oral evidence-important source of

past of mankind information.
• Isographies - dictionary a biography
that gives examples of handwriting PRIMARY SOURCES
-Original historical sources
• Forgery- mis presentation from the -Recordings (considered as material
genuine document evidence)
• Higher criticism- more important - Oral resources-sources as
matters than external form document/record and existing legal situation
• Internal criticism-historicity of the as the best source.
facts Written sources - historical sources are
material source
19th century - invented the historical writing
 EXAMPLE OF PRIMARY SOURCES 3. DATE WRITTEN & PUBLISHED

• Artifacts ALVAREZ
• diaries -March 14,1896
• journals -Published 1920
• letters
• census AGONCILLO
• marriage certificate -1897
-Published 1947
• photographs
• maps
4. PERSON’S INVOLVED
• postcards
• recorded ALVAREZ
• autobiographies • Mariano C. Trias,
• interviews • Andres Bonifacio
• memoir • Mariano Andres
• letters • Baldomero Aguinaldo
• speeches oral histories • Ariston Villanueva
• Personal narratives • Diego Mojica
• reports • Artmeio Ricarte
• Birth certificates • Pablo Mojica
• Santos Nocon
• Luciano San Miguel
COMPARATIVE MATRIX
BY: SANTIAGO ALVAREZ & TEODORO
AGONCILLO
AGONCILLO
• Artemio Ricarte
1. AUTHORS BACKGROUND: • Baldomero Aguinaldo
• Jose del Rosario
ALVAREZ • Daniel Tirona
• BORN ON JULY 25, 1872 • Antonio Montenegro
• No veleta Cavite • Mariano Alvarez
• Was known revolutionary general and • Pascual Alvarez
founder and Honorary president of • Dionesio Alvarez
the first directorate of Nacionalista • Adriano Guinto
party. • Emeterio Malla
• Kidlat ng Apoy • Santiago Alvarez
• Diego Moixa
AGONCILLO • Ciriaco Bonifacio
• BORN ON 1912
• LEMERY BATNAGAS
• He was prominent 20th century 5. MAIN ARGUMENT OF THE EVENT
historian
• Literary writer ALVAREZ
• He was considered as very important • To establish a new government,
historian of our time replacement for Katipunan
• The primary disagreement in this
2. OBJECTIVE OF THE AUTHOR matter relates to the Tejeros
convention election that supremo
ALVAREZ Andres Bonifacio refused to
• Was to write the book for the youth recognize due to the conflict.
and shoe different story about
revolution, that would possibly use a AGONCILLO
historical account in the future • Daniewl Terona disregarded
AGONCILLO Supremo Bonifacio’s admonition that
everyone should respect the outcome
• Wanted to add what happened before of any election
and after the Tejeros convention to
hook the present onto the past PART V.
Ferdinand Magellan -a Portuguese
navigator
Antonio Pigafetta- Chronicler other March 22,1521- They had the promised to
documents “The voyage around the world” return.
- Italian chronicler
Mazaua / Limasawa- refer to the island
On 1521, the Philippine Island has been where historic mass was celebrated
rediscovered by the Spanish commissioned • Zubu-Cebu
authority, Ferdinand Magellan. • Maluku- Mollucas
Sto Nino- gift of Magellan to Dona Juan
1519-1522 - this historic voyage began and Don Juan - Christian name of Humamay
successful. wife of Raja Humabon
Carlos- is the Christian name of Raja
Spice island - Moluccas/Maluku Island Humabon
Part of India Archipelago
Cilapulapu/ Lapu Lapu- Chief of Matan
Primary Goal of Magellan’s journey (Mactan)
• He wanted to reach South-East Asia, April 27,1521- Historic battle of Mactan
where spices grew and gems were to September 6,1521- exact date of arrival of
be found, by sailing westwards across remaining fleet in San Juan Lucar
the Atlantic Ocean.
5 Fleet of Magellan
THREE (3) G’s of Magellan • Victoria
• God • Trinidad
• Gold • Concepcion
• Glory • San Antonio
• Santiago
Homonhon Island - first landing place of
Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer Total of 270 crew came in the Philippines
who organised a Spanish expedition to the
East Indies between 1519 and 1522.

Juan Sebastián del Cano – he completed the

circumnavigate the globe.
• Magellan died en route of
circumnavigate of globe
En route meaning during the course of a
journey.

Oceans

Atlantic Ocean
- the first ocean where the sailing ships
headed by Magellan crossed after leaving
Spain.

Pacific Ocean
- water can be found east of the Philippine
Island

Strait Of Magellan- small passage.

King of Spain - King Philip II of Spain

• The Philippines was named after the
king of Spain.

March 16th, 1521- arrival at Zamal Island

(Samar)

Archipelago of St. Lazarus-the group of

Magellan stayed there on day and feast of St.
Lazarus