Understanding Area Progression
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jhicks_mathUnderstanding Area Progression
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jhicks_mathProgression on Area -- a visual overview, page 1 Grade 3 What is area?
How many unit squaresdo we need to cover the rectangle without gaps or overlaps? 1 1 1 a unit square 1 square unit of area 1
Area tells us how much at space the shape takes up.
Area =18 square units because it takes 18 unit squares to cover. That is why we can multiply side lengths to nd areas of rectangles. 5 units 4 units 4 5 = 20 square units
Whats a quicker way than counting squares one by one?
3 groups of 6 unit squares 3 6 = 18 square units
6 groups of 3 unit squares 6 3 = 18 square units
Decomposing into rectangles to nd area 6
33=9
? units 2 units
142 = 7
6 3
3 6 = 18
14 square units
5 3 = 15
5
23=6
3 3 Area is di erent from perimeter Same area, di erent perimeter:
3 2
3
15 + 9 = 24 Area = 24 square units
3
18 + 6 = 24 Area = 24 square units
5 6 = 30
5 3 2 3
23=6
Same perimeter, di erent area:
30 - 6 = 24 Area = 24 square units
Progression on Area -- a visual overview, page 2 Grade 4: apply area and perimeter formulas Grade 5: Extend the area formula for rectangles to cases of fractional side lengths.
A=LW
1 3
1 2
2 5 1 6 3 4
W P = L + W + L + W or P = (2L) + (2W) or P = 2(L + W)
A=
same answer!
3 2 = 6 parts, so each is 1/6 of a square unit. LW=
1 3
4 5 = 20 parts, so each is 1/20 of a square unit. 3 2 = 6 parts shaded. So shaded area is 6/20 square units. LW=
3 4
1 2
1 6
2 5
6 20
Grade 6: Finding areas What is the area of the shaded triangle? Most primitive method:
same answer!
Move and combine small pieces; count the number of squares. More advanced methods that will generalize to develop area formulas:
Move a chunk to create a rectangle of the same area.
Combine two copies to make a rectangle of twice the area.
Progression on Area -- a visual overview, page 3 Grade 6: Developing area formulas. 1) Right triangles two copies make a rectangle of the same base and height h b h A= 2) Parallelograms
1 2
h b
1 2
h A=b
1 2
A= bh or A = bh2
1 2
b bh Strategies: Relate to a rectangle (or parallelogram) by doubling then halving, moving, or adding then taking away area.
h b 3) Very oblique parallelograms take away the extra area b
A = bh
h a b big rectangles area = (b + a)h = bh + ah
h a two extra triangles area = ah
parallelograms area = (big rectangles area) - (two extra triangles area) = (bh + ah) - ah = bh 4) Other triangles: two copies make a parallelogram or rectangle of the same base and height, so the area of the triangle is half the area of the parallelogram or rectangle. h b b A = 1 bh
2
or A = bh2 h b h b
Progression on Area -- a visual overview, page 4 Decomposing and composing to relate areas. Grade 7: Figure for an informal derivation of the relationship between the circumference and area of the circle. 2r r r r
r approximately a parallelogram base: r height: r area: rr = r
Grade 8: Figure for a proof of the Pythagorean theorem. a b c
c b
