1-MUHAMMAD BIN MUSA AL-KHAWARIZMI
Introduction
Popularly known as AL-KHAWARIZMI
Born in Khawarizm in A.D. (780-847)
Great mathematician, astronomer, historian, geographer and musician
Major contributions
First person who used zero
Considered as an authority in mathematics
Composed oldest works on algebra and astronomical tables
Systematized the Greek and Hindu mathematical knowledge
Wrote famous book named Hisab-al-jabar wal Muqabla in which he gave analytical solutions of
quadratic and linear equations
This book was used as principal mathematical textbook, until the 16th century by European
universities.
“The principal figure” in the early history of Arabic mathematics
Introduced the method of counting based on numerals and decimal systems for the first time
Kitab-surat-al-ard was a geography book in which he gave an idea about the shape of the earth
Kitab-al-tariq was his book on history
Composed his own astronomical tables known as Zijj (ZJ), which became a model for astronomical
pursuits in East and West.
Books
Hisab Al Hindi
Al Jama Wat Tafri
Kitab Surat Al Ard
Kitab al Tariq
2-Jabir Ibn Hayyan
Introduction
Popularly known as GEBER in the West
Born in A.D. (721-815)
Known as a legendary figure in the field of Chemistry
God-Father of modern chemistry
Major contributions
Prepared large number of important chemicals like NITRIC ACID, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, SULPHURIC
ACID, WHITE LEAD etc.
Introduced new chemical techniques and processes like Calcination, Reduction, Sublimation,
Distillation, Melting, Crystallization etc.
Gave a sound theory on Geological formation of metals.
Prepared basic lead, arsenic, antimony and carbonate from their sulphides.
He dealt with refinement of metals, preparation of steel, dyeing of cloth and leather.
BOOKS
Book of seventy
Composition of AL-CHEMY
Kitab al Tajmi
Kitab al Rahmah
3-Zakariya- al- Razi
Introduction
Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya Al-Razi
Born in A.D. (865-925) at RAYY
Better known as Rhazes in the West
Persian muslim
Was great PHYSICIAN of Islamic world
Most brilliant pillar of Islamic medicine along with Ibn-Sina
His major fields of interest were Physics, medicine, chemistry, philosophy etc Courtesy::: Sonia Aziz
The CSS Point | [Link] 4
Major Contributions
AL-HAWI is a most monumental work of him. It is the most comprehensive encyclopedia of medicine
in 20 volumes.
Earned the title of “FATHER OF PAEDIATRICS” by writing his monograph on “Diseases in Children”.
Was the first person who recognized the reaction of pupil to the light.
Was the first person who used animal gut as ligature for surgical operations
Was the first person who used Opium as anesthetic during surgery
Was the first to classify substances into vegetables, animals and minerals.
Believed in five eternal principals in metaphysics namely 1)creatot 2)soul 3)matter 4)time 5)space
Books
Al-Judari Wal Hasbah (detail of small pox and measles disease)
Kitab Al-Asrar (deals with classification of chemical substance and preparation of chemicals and their
applications)
Arabian medicine
Kitab-al-mansuri
Barr-ul-Saat
4-ABU ALI IBN-E-SINA
Introduction
Abu Ali Hussain Ibn Abdullah Ibn Hasan Ibn Ali Ibn Sina
He is better known as AVICENNA in the West.
Born at Afsinah in A.D. (980-1037)
The greatest intellectual giant of middle ages
Unforgettable physician of all times
Unparallel versatile genius
Major contributions
Contributed to the medical science, philosophy, logic, mathematics, astronomy and music
Wrote a famous book named “AL-QANNUN FIL TIB” in which he discussed human physiology and
medicine.
This book is known as CANON in Latin Courtesy::: Sonia Aziz The CSS Point | [Link] 5
Was translated in many languages and it remained the sole textbook of medicine for several hundred
years in western universities
Consisting of approximately a million words, is the most influential textbook ever written He wrote
no less than 230 books and treaties.
Was the first to use “ CATHETERS” made of the skins of various animals
He mentioned “INTRAVESICAL INJECTIONS” by means of a silver syringe.
He is considered as “FATHER OF GEOLOGY”
He wrote books on interior of earth, mountains and gave scientific reasons for earthquakes. He fell
victim to a disease in which he was a specialist
Books
Al- Shifa
An-Najat
Nafia
Isharrat 5
