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 Solution Manual for Programmable Logic Controllers 5th Edition
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Answers to Chapter 2 Review Questions

1. To accept signals from the machine or process devices and to convert them into signals that
can be used by the controller

2. To convert controller signals into external signals that are used to control the machine
or process

3. a) A rack that is located away from the processor module near the field devices
b) To minimize the amount of wiring required

4. By its address
5. Type refers to an input or output

Word and bit refers to the actual module terminal connection

6. Bit level addressing specifies a discrete device that is connected to a specific terminal.
Word level addressing specifies an analog device connected to a module that uses a word of
information.

7. In tag-based addressing you use a tag (alphanumeric name) to address data (variables).
In rack/slot-based addressing a fixed numeric format is used to identify the address data.

8. An input/output PC interface card

9. Combination I/O modules

10. Connections for the power supply

11. For ease of wiring and replacing modules

12. The advantage with the high-density module is that it is possible to install up to 64 inputs or
outputs in one slot for greater space savings. The disadvantage is that the high-density output
modules cannot handle as much current per output.

13. ON/OFF devices such as selector switches, pushbuttons and limit switches

14. ON/OFF devices such as lights, solenoids and motor starters

15. The backplane supplies current and voltage for the modules from the power supply

16. An optical isolator is used to provide electrical isolation between the field wiring and
the PLC backplane internal circuitry.
17. Power and Logic sections

18. Senses when a signal is received

Converts the input signal to the correct voltage level
Isolates the PLC from the input voltage or current
Sends a signal to the processor indicating which sensor originated the signal

19. Triac

20. a) 1 amp per point

b) A control relay is connected to the output module. The contacts of the control relay
are then used to control the larger load.

21. Transistor

22. A discrete relay-type module uses an electromechanical relay element for switching which
allow it to work for AC or DC applications.

23. a) Sinking and sourcing are terms used to describe a current signal flow relationship
between field input and output devices in a control system and their power supply.
b) Sourcing

24. Discrete I/O modules allow only ON/OFF devices to be connected. Analog I/O modules
allow analog or varying voltage or current devices to be connected.

25. Used to convert analog signals to an equivalent digital value

26. Used to convert digital signals to an equivalent analog value

27. Voltage sensing and current sensing

28. Temperature, speed, level, flow, weight, pressure, and position

29. A twisted shielded pair cable is used in wiring the circuit to reduce unwanted electrical noise
signals that can be induced in the conductors from other wiring

30. Unipolar modules can accept an input signal that varies in the positive direction only. Bipolar
signals swing between a maximum negative value and a maximum positive value.

31. The analog input channel is capable of sensing voltages down to 0.3V increments.

32. The loop power may be supplied by the sensor or may be provided by the analog output
module

33. Control valves, chart recorder, electronic drives

34. a) Used to count pulses such as motor encoders that occur at very high speeds
b) Allows the use of thumbwheel switches for feeding information to a PLC
c) Allows the transmitting and receiving of TTL signals for communication with the PLC’s
processor
d) Used to monitor the output of incremental or absolute encoders
e) Allows the transmitting and receiving of ASCII files
f) Provides pulse trains to a stepper-motor translator, which enables control of a stepper
motor
g) Enables a PLC to operate devices that require BCD-coded signals

35. a) Used to maintain a process variable such as temperature, flow, level, or speed within set
limits of a specified set point.
b) Used in applications involving accurate high-speed machining and packaging operations
c) Used to establish point-to-pint connections with other intelligent devices for the
exchange of data

36. a) Specifies the magnitude and type of voltage signal that will be accepted by the input
b) Specifies a minimum ON-state voltage that is the minimum voltage at which logic 1
is recognized as absolutely ON; and a maximum OFF-state voltage which is the voltage
at which logic 0 is recognized as absolutely OFF
c) Specifies the minimum input current that the input devices must be capable of driving
to operate the input circuit
d) Specifies what the maximum temperature of the air surrounding the I/O modules should
be for best operating conditions
e) Specifies the maximum time duration required by an input module's circuitry to
recognize that a field device has switched ON (input ON-delay) or switched OFF (input
OFF-delay)
f) Specifies the magnitude and type of user supply voltage at which a discrete output
module is designed to operate
g) Specifies the maximum current that a single output and the module as a whole can safely
carry under load (at rated voltage)
h) Specifies the maximum inrush current and duration for which an output circuit
can exceed its maximum continuous current rating
i) This specification will designate whether the particular module's design has individual
protection for each circuit or if fuse protection is provided for groups (e.g. 4 or 8) of outputs
j) Specifies the amount of current still conducting through an output circuit even after
the output has been turned off
k) Rates the module's capacity for sustaining an excessive voltage at its input or output
terminal
l) This specification defines the number of field inputs or outputs that can be connected to a
single module
m) This value indicates the amount of current the module requires from the backplane

37. a) Specifies the number of analog channels that can be connected to the module
b) The voltage or current signal ranges that an analog input module is designed to accept
c) This specification defines the current or voltage signal ranges that a particular analog
 output module is designed to output under program control
d) Analog input circuits are usually protected against accidentally connecting a voltage
that exceeds the specified input voltage range
e) This specification determines the smallest measureable unit of current or voltage the
module can measure
f) For analog I/Os, these values must be matched to the external device connected to the
module
g) Refers to an analog module’s ability to prevent noise from interfering with data integrity
on a single channel and from channel to channel on the module

38. The CPU section executes the program and makes the decisions needed by the PLC to
operate and communicate with other modules. The memory section electronically stores the
PLC program along with other retrievable digital information

39. a) The power supply converts 115 VAC or 230 VAC into the usable DC voltage required by
the CPU, memory, and I/O electronic circuitry
b) the length of time a PLC can tolerate a power loss

40. Allows transfer of control to the second processor in the event of a processor fault

41. Run mode, program mode, and remote mode

42. Timing, counting, latching, comparing, motion control and complex math functions

43. Ground yourself by touching a conductive surface before handling static-sensitive

components
Wear a wrist strap that provides a path to bleed off any charge that may build up during work
Be careful not to touch the backplane connector or connector pins of the PLC system
(always handle the circuit cards by the edge if possible)
Be careful not to touch other circuit components in a module when you configure or
replace its internal components
When not in use, store modules in its static-shield bag.

44. a) Data are stored in memory locations by a process called writing

b) Data are retrieved from memory by what is referred to as reading
c) Individual piece of memory in the form of 1’s or 0’s
d) Memory location refers to an address in the CPU’s memory where a binary word can be
stored
e) Memory utilization refers to the number of memory locations required to store each type
of instruction

45. a) The status of all input and output devices

b) 1
c) 0
d) 1
 e) 0

46. To be sure that the PLC memory has not been corrupted

47. Volatile: Loses all its stored information if all operating power is lost or removed. Memory
is easily altered and usually supported by a battery backup power supply
Nonvolatile: Retains stored information when the power is accidentally or
intentionally removed. Memory is generally unalterable.

48. ROM is normally used to store the programs and data that define the capabilities of the PLC.

49. RAM is used as a temporary storage area of data that may need to be quickly changed

50. An EEPROM memory module is used to store, back up, or transfer PLC programs

51. They are extremely fast at saving and retrieving files

52. Allows the user to enter, change or monitor a PLC program

53. Handheld programmers are compact, inexpensive, and easy to use but they have limited
display capabilities.

54. Appropriate programming software

55. Typical capabilities of the programming software include on-line and off-line program
editing, on-line program monitoring, program documentation, diagnosing malfunctions in the
PLC and troubleshooting the controlled system

56. One

57. Replace hard-wired pushbuttons and pilot lights with realistic-looking icons
Show operations in graphic format
Allow the operator to change timer and counter presets
Show alarms, complete with time of occurrence and locations
Display variables as they change over time

58. Set up the communication with the PLC.

Create the tag database.
Insert the graphical objects on the
screen. Animate the objects.

59. Values of process variables, such as flow, temperature over a period of time.

60. The changing a input or output quantity from one notation to another.

61. A transducer converts a field device's variable (e.g., pressure, temperature etc.) into a very
low-level electric signal (current or voltage).
62. A base tag defines a memory location where data are stored. An alias tag is used to create
an alternate name (alias) for a tag.
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CHAPTER 2
PLC Hardware Components
TEST 2.1

Choose the letter that best completes the statement. Answer

1. A is an example of a device that could be used to 1. d

provide a discrete input to a PLC.
a) pushbutton
b) selector switch
c) limit switch
d) all of the above

2. A is an example of an actuator that could be 2. b

controlled by a discrete output from a PLC.
a) pushbutton
b) motor starter
c) limit switch
d) all of the above

3. A/An input or output is a continuously variable 3. d

signal within a designated range.
a) discrete
b) digital
c) BCD
d) analog

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4. One function of a PLC input interface module is to: 4. a
a) accept signals from field devices and convert them
into signals that can be used by the processor.
b) convert signals from the processing unit into values that
can be used to control the machine or process.
c) input signals from the programming device and convert
them into signals that can be used by the CPU.
d) interpret and execute the user program that controls the machine
or process.

5. The location of a specific input or output field device is 5. d

identified by the processor by means of its:
a) voltage rating. c) wattage rating.
b) current rating. d) address.

6. A discrete output interface module is designed to provide: 6. c

a) output voltages only in the 5 VDC range.
b) varying AC or DC voltages depending on the type of module selected.
c) ON/OFF switching of the output field device.
d) binary-coded outputs.

7. The following statement that does not apply to the 7. b

optical isolator circuit used in I/O modules is that it:
a) separates high voltage and low voltage circuits
b) rectifies AC signals.
c) prevents damage caused by line voltage transients.
d) reduces the effect of electrical noise.

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8. Individual outputs of a typical AC output interface module 8. a
usually have a maximum current rating of about:
a) 1 A or 2 A. c) 50 mA or 100 mA.
b) 25 A or 50 A. d) 250 µA or 500 µA

9. Which of the following input field devices would most 9. d

likely be used with an analog interface input module?
a) Pushbutton c) Selector switch
b) Limit switch d) Thermocouple

10. The "ON state input voltage range" specification refers to: 10. d
a) the type of voltage device that will be accepted by the input.
b) range of leakage voltage present at the input in its ON state.
c) minimum and maximum output operating voltages.
d) voltage at which the input signal is recognized as being ON.

11. Volatile memory elements can be classified as those that: 11. a

a) do not retain stored information when the power is removed.
b) retain stored information when the power is removed.
c) do not require a battery backup.
d) both b and c.

12. memory is used by the PLC's operating system. 12. d

a) RAM c) Flash
b) EEPROM d) ROM

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13. is a type of memory commonly used for temporary 13. a
storage of data that may need to be quickly changed.
a) RAM c) EPROM
b) ROM d) EEPROM

14. The most common form of memory used to store, back up, 14. d
or transfer PLC programs is:
a) RAM c) EEPROM
b) Flash EEPROM d) both b and c

15. In event of a power interruption, a is used in some 15. b

processors to provide power to the RAM.
a) inductor c) transistor
b) capacitor d resistor

16. Which of the following is not a function of a 16. c

PLC programming device?
a) To enter the user program
b) To change the user program
c) To execute the user program
d) To monitor the user program

17. Status indicators are provided on each output 17. d

of an output module to indicate that the:
a) load has been operated.
b) input associated with the output is active.
c) module fuse has blown.

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d) output is active.

18. The I/O system provides an interface between: 18. b

a) input modules and output modules.
b) the CPU and field equipment.
c) the CPU and I/O rack.
d) the I/O rack and I/O modules.

19. The PLC chassis comes in different sizes 19. c

according to the:
a) size of the program. c) number of slots they contain.
b) type of I/O modules used. d) all of the above.

20. The Allen-Bradley SLC-500 address I:2/4 refers to an: 20. c

a) Input module in slot 4, terminal 2.
b) Output module in slot 4, terminal 2.
c) Input module in slot 2, terminal 4.
d) Output module in slot 2, terminal 4.

21. The Allen-Bradley SLC-500 address O:3/0 refers to an: 21. b

a) Input module in slot 3, terminal 0.
b) Output module in slot 3, terminal 0.
c) Input module in slot 0, terminal 3.
d) Output module in slot 0, terminal 3.

22. For the I/O module of Figure 2-1, the arrows point to the: 22. d
a) status indicator connections.

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b) input connections.
c) output connections.
d) power supply connections.

Figure 2-1 I/O module for question 22.

23. For the block diagram of the input module shown in 23. c
Figure 2-2, Section #1 represents the and #2 the .
a) AC, DC.
b) DC, AC.
c) power, logic.
d) logic, power.

Figure 2-2 Block diagram for question 23.

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24-1. The schematic diagram of Figure 2-3 is that of a(n): 24-1. c
a) discrete output module. c) discrete input module.
b) analog output module. d) analog input module.

24-2. The purpose of the filter section is to: 24-2. c

a) aid in fault diagnosis.
b) set the minimum level of voltage that can be detected.
c) protect against electrical noise interference.
d) separate the higher line voltage from the logic circuits .

24-3 The purpose of the zener diode (ZD) is to: 24-3. b

a) aid in fault diagnosis.
b) set the minimum level of voltage that can be detected.
c) protect against electrical noise interference.
d) separate the higher line voltage from the logic circuits .

24-4 The purpose of the LED indicator is to: 24-4. a

a) aid in fault diagnosis.
b) set the minimum level of voltage that can be detected.
c) protect against electrical noise interference.
d) separate the higher line voltage from the logic circuits .

24-5 The purpose of the optical isolator is to 24-5. d

a) aid in fault diagnosis.
b) set the minimum level of voltage that can be detected.
c) protect against electrical noise interference.
d) separate the higher line voltage from the logic circuits .

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Figure 2-3 Schematic diagram for question 24.

25. For the block diagram of the output module shown in 25. b
Figure 2-4, the input comes from the:
a) input field device
b) processor.
c) output field device.
d) line power supply.

Figure 2-4 Block diagram for question 25.

26-1. The schematic diagram of Figure 2-5 is that of a(n): 26-1. a

a) discrete output module. c) discrete input module.
b) analog output module. d) analog input module.

26-2. The input signal to the module comes from: 26-2. c

a) the input field device.

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b) the output field device.
c) internal logic circuitry of the processor.
d) either a or b.

26-3 The purpose of the triac switch is to: 26-3. a

a) turn the load ON and OFF.
b) vary the current flow to the load in accordance with the input
signal level.
c) vary the voltage across the load in accordance with the
input signal level.
d) both b and c.

26-4 When the triac is in the OFF state: 26-4. b

a) zero current always flows through the load.
b) a small leakage current may flow through the load.
c) the rated surge current flows through the lamp.
d) the rated nominal current flows through the lamp.

Figure 2-5 Schematic diagram for question 26.

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27. The schematic diagram of Figure 2-6 is an example of 27. d
how a PLC output module is connected to:
a) isolate the load from the controller. c) vary the speed of a motor.
b) control a high resistance. d) control a high current load.

Figure 2-6 Schematic diagram for question 27.

28. Which of the following devices can be used for switching 28. d
the output of a discrete DC output module?
a) Transistor. c) relay.
b) Triac. d) either a or c.

29. The current sourcing sensor shown in Figure 2-7 29. a

must be matched with a PLC input module.
a) current sinking.
b) current sourcing.
c) alternating current.
d) either a or b.

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Figure 2-7 Current sourcing sensor for question 29.

30. Typical analog inputs and outputs can vary from 30. d
a) 0 to 20 mA
b) 4 to 20 mA
c) 0 to 10 volts
d) all of the above

31. For the block diagram of the analog PLC control 31. d
shown in Figure 2-8, which part has a binary
input and analog output value?
a) Level transmitter c) Processor
b) Input module d) Output module

Figure 2-8 Block diagram for question 31.

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32-1 For the thermocouple analog input module 32-1. a
shown in Figure 2-9, shielded cable is used to:
a) reduce unwanted electrical noise signals.
b) carry the higher current required.
c) lower the resistance of the conductors.
d) insulate the circuit from other cables.

32-2 The thermocouple shown is a: 32-2. a

a) ungrounded type with the shield grounded at the module end.
b) ungrounded type with the shield grounded at the thermocouple end.
c) grounded type with the shield grounded at the module end.
d) grounded type with the shield grounded at the thermocouple end.

Figure 2-9 Block thermocouple input module for question 32.

33. The main element of an analog output module is: 33. d

a) AC to DC rectifier.
b) DC to AC inverter.
c) analog to digital converter.
d) digital to analog converter.

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34. For the PLC analog I/O control system shown in 34. a
Figure 2-10, the fluid flow is controlled by
a) varying the amount of the valve opening. b)
switching the valve ON and OFF.
c) switching the level sensor ON and OFF.
d) varying the position of the level sensor.

Figure 2-10 Analog I/O system for question 34.

35. Which of the following special I/O modules would 35. b

be used to operate a seven-segment LED Display?
a) Encoder-counter module.
b) BCD-output module.
c) Stepper-motor module.
d) High-speed counter module.

36. A module is used to establish connections 36. b

for the exchange of data.
a) thumbwheel
b) communication
c) servo
d) PID

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 He was gone! I knew not whither; and there was no one of whom I could
seek counsel. I would have gone to Mr. Drake to tell him all and seek
comfort, but the thought of the good man's hard Calvinism repelled me now.
He would not understand. As for Mr. Cartwright, he was still less to be
thought of. For very shame, I dared not confess to his holy ears the depth to
which I had fallen, even could I have hoped for sympathy from him. No,
there was none to ease me of my burden.

He was gone; and I must follow,—follow and bring him back to her, and
then rid them for ever of my accursed presence. That was all I could think
of. And on the morrow, after committing my affairs to old Miles's hands, I
rode to Gravesend, and so came next day by river to London, whither I heard
from the boatmen he had gone.

As I have said, I came to London drifting, rather than with any set
purpose. As soon as I had sought for Harry at my Lord of Bedford's, and at
the lodging where he was wont to lie when in London, and found no news of
him, I was at a loss what to do. I had no friends in London that I knew of,
nor was I so much as acquainted with any there except my merchant and old
Mr. Follet, who had a lodging in Warwick Court, where he was of easy
access to his scholars, both those about the Court and those who were sons
to wealthy citizens.

To him I was resolved to go, not so much in hope to hear of Harry, as

trusting in my forlorn state to receive comfort from him, when I remembered
how peaceful and content was his life, and yet without any comfort of
religion that I was ever able to discover.

I found him polished and kindly and gentle as ever, and bound still in
willing servitude to his 'Apology.' He welcomed me very warmly, refusing
any denial that I would sup with him. Our first commendation over, he fell to
asking me of my life and work, so that we easily came to talk of those deep
matters wherein my trouble lay.

'I cannot but rejoice, my dear Jasper,' said the old scholar, bending on me
his intelligent, clear eyes, 'that you have come to your present state. It was
always my desire that you should see that as a rule or touchstone of right
living, nay, if you will, as a virgula divina, or divining rod, whereby to
discover the pure water of life, religion is in no comparison with scholarship.
So long as men shall pursue religion as a chief end, so long shall they be
ever athirst and rage in these present fevers that now be. I hold there are
three special points in education, or the leading forth of life, the same being,
truth in religion, honesty in living, and right order in learning. I name them
in the order in which the three are now commonly held, yet you know, as I
do, that in order of excellence these points should be reversed.'

'Then you would not have a scholar,' said I, 'lay aside religion altogether?'

'I see no need for that,' he answered. 'It was not so in the past golden days
of scholarship, before Reformation violently killed the old kindly tolerance
of the Romish Church. Side by side they could not exist, so Rome grew hard
perforce, and Geneva as hard to withstand her. And so the good old days
were ended, even the days when a man would first take heed that his order of
learning was rightly governed according to the precepts of the immortal
Stagirite, from which, secondly, would flow, by the bestowing of such
leisure as remained, a sufficient honesty in living, the whole being
sweetened and tempered with such truth of religion as came of itself, without
straining, out of the other two. It is this straining after God that so troubles
the world and burns up scholarship. They draw the Ardour of Heaven too
near, whereby the inflammable principles, whereof He is in a great measure
composed, so heat men's blood and set their stomachs on fire, that cool
scholarship itself is set in a blaze, and serves but to feed the fires of
controversy, whereby learning, honesty, and religion itself are fast being
consumed.'

'Surely, then, it were better,' said I, 'to shut out this disturbing element that
makes life so turbid; better to deafen our ears to this note which sets all our
harmony awry.'

'No, Jasper,' answered Mr. Follet, 'that is impossible. That far-off note is
your octavo, as Pythagoras taught. You, with your spiritual nature, will
always hear it sounding in unison with that which you yourself are making
as you live your Life. If there is discord in your ears, it is that you are
sounding some other note awry between your fundamental earthly note and
His in the empyrean. By your scholarship I judge your first harmony must be
dia-trion to the orbit of Mercury, which is science; and thus, if you would
have concord, your next must be dia-pente to the orbit of Mars, which is
manhood and knightly adventure. So can you reach through your full dia-
pason to God, and sound your third and just fifth in complete and peaceful
harmony with the universe. So I would advise you, if the music of your life
has seemed meagre. But, above all, beware of the fourth, which is the orbit
of Venus, that shall bring you nothing but most jarring discord, wherein you
shall find no rest.'

The old man looked out at me from his clear eyes so shrewdly that,
although I could only guess at his meaning, I felt he had divined the true
cause of my discomfort. How far he had learned it I cannot say, yet I could
not help calling to mind the many times I had written to him concerning my
most pleasant studies with Mrs. Waldyve. I found in my old tutor a strange
mingling of shrewd worldly knowledge and unreal speculation which drew
me nearer to him than I had ever had wit to be in my boyhood. It is true I
hoped to get little help from his medley of philosophies, yet his conversation
fascinated me in spite of the half-mystic vagueness that seemed to be
growing on him with his old age, and I stayed with him till a late hour.

Whether right or wrong for others, his own way of thought had brought
him to an old age of profound peace, most enviable to me in the tempestuous
flood of doubt that had overwhelmed my life since the dams of my faith,
which I had deemed so secure, had burst. Moreover, his whole discourse was
so seasoned with spicery from the writings of the ancients, and above all his
beloved Aristotle, that it was very pleasant to hear, though beyond what my
memory will bear to write.

Moreover I wished to speak with him about his 'Apology,' which he had
not once mentioned. No one but myself can truly know how great must have
been his sympathy with my troubled state, or how much he must have denied
himself to minister to it, when for two hours he never once spoke of his
manuscript. At last, moved to pity because of his exceeding kindness, I
asked him how it fared.

'Bravely, bravely, my dear discipulus,' said he with beaming face. 'It has
been long in getting set forth because of the great growth which it has
attained by reason of the weighty arguments I continually found. Still the
day for the great purging of scholarship is very near. I am near to finishing
the Latin text, in which form I have been weightily advised the work should
appear, although I had purposed otherwise for the glory of the English
tongue. The Right Honourable the Earl of Bedford has promised to receive
the dedicatory epistle, so that I doubt not, with so noble and learned a
sponsor, my child shall find an honourable reception in the courts of
science.'

This and much more to like purpose he spoke till I took my leave, much
comforted by his kindliness, yet little relieved of my inward sickness.

Lashmer, who had been passing the time of my visit with Mr. Follet's
servant, came to my chamber as usual to untruss me when we reached our
lodging. He seemed full of something, which after a little painful repressing
he poured forth.

'Did your worship hear whither he had gone?' asked he.

'Whither who had gone?' said I.

'Was not your worship seeking news of Mr. Waldyve?' he asked again.

'Certes, I was,' said I; 'but that is no concern of yours.'

'No, sir, none,' he answered, 'save that I hold all that concerns you
concerns your faithful servant; but since it is not so, let it pass.'

So he fell into a sullen silence, till I, feeling he held news, could refrain
no longer from asking what he meant.

'Nay, I meant nothing, sir,' said he. 'A gentleman's movements are nothing
to me; but since I thought Mr. Follet would have told you whither he had
gone, I made bold to inquire; for he was ever a most kind gentleman to me;
but since there is offence in it, let it pass.'

'But what made you think Mr. Follet should know this?' I asked sharply.

'Nay, sir, I pray you let it pass. I have no longer desire to know what
concerns me not.'
 'But I have desire to know what you meant, sirrah.'

'Then, saving your displeasure, it was a foolish idle whim of mine, that
am but a dunce and unlearned, to think that since Mr. Waldyve was with Mr.
Follet yesterday he would have given your worship news of him. It was a
stupid, foolish fancy, so I pray you let it pass.'

'Mr. Waldyve with Mr. Follet yesterday, say you?' I cried, as soon as I
recovered breath. 'Why, how know you this, Lashmer?'

'Nay, I know it not,' said he, making occasion of my anxiety to have

revenge for my sharpness.

'What a plague makes you say it then?'

'Why, sir, because Mr. Follet's man knows it, and Mr. Follet's man told
me how Mr. Waldyve was with his master for the space of two hours save a
thimbleful of sand yesterday about supper-time, during all which time he had
to wait, for good manners' sake, though like to die of a watery mouth for
thinking of a roasted rabbit and a dish of prunes that were bespoke for him
and two other blades at the "Portcullis" tavern hard by.'

'Pace! pace! draw rein on your galloping tongue, good Lashmer, and tell
me whither he has gone.'

'If I could, sir, but I cannot; nor Mr. Follet, nor Mr. Follet's man neither,
for in truth he told none of them anything, save that they were not like to see
him for a good space to come.'

'Then leave me, Lashmer, and good-night. Go to your bed now, and find a
kind thought for a heart-sick master.'

'Heaven save your worship, and pardon a malapert servitor,' said

Lashmer, and left me to my thoughts.

First, I think, I pondered over Mr. Follet's great tenderness with me, when
as I felt he must have known all. Then I tried to come to conclusions with
myself what I was to do. The more I pondered the more it seemed useless to
search farther for Harry, and the more I dwelt on what Mr. Follet had said to
me of sounding the note of Mars's orbit as a cure for my discords.

I felt shamed, moreover, to think that my old tutor knew all. I felt I could
no more go back and face him; nay, I felt as though every one knew my
shame, and a desire grew in me to fly far away from it all. I began to reason
with myself as to what good end it would serve to find Harry, and now it
seemed that even if I could find him I dared not face him. My bold resolves
were melting to cowardice in the heat of my remorse, and utterly purposeless
and alone I crept with a broken spirit to my bed.

CHAPTER XV

Next day I stayed within all the morning. Harry was in London, and
though I had come thither to seek him, I dared not stir abroad for fear of
meeting him. I dined in my lodging, sending Lashmer to the tavern for a
quart of claret.

The food and the wine must have put new heart in me; for after they were
done I sallied forth alone, resolved to prosecute my search. Still dreading
success, I wandered eastward along the Strand. Many gallants, most splendid
with new-fashioned hats and hose, were loitering along the way I went. I
followed the stream, and so, passing Temple Bar and over the Fleet Bridge, I
came through Ludgate before St. Paul's Church.

I stood a while admiring the grandeur of the front and the lofty tower. For
then, being untravelled, I was unlearned in architecture, and saw not how
rude were its proportions and barbarous its ornament beside the new style.

Many gallants went by me as I watched, laughing, and passed on into the

church. Harry had often told me how it was a place of great resort, so I
followed, thinking perhaps to find what I looked for and dreaded to see. The
floor of the long and lofty nave was thronged with gallants and would-be
gallants, strolling up and down, and laughing and talking with one another;
while between the piers of clustered columns which supported the soaring
roof-groins and dim triforium knots of men were gathered, who seemed for
the most part to be merchants. From time to time I could see a bond or
account-book fluttering white amidst their sober robes, but all was done with
as little noise and bustle as could well be.

For it must be known that Paul's was not then the den of thieves it is now.
It was not so long since the Queen's proclamation had been issued against
such as should transact business, or make any fray, or shoot any hand-gun or
dag within the precincts. It was still had in memory, though little regarded,
and the place was not wholly disorderly.

Yet was it sufficiently out of order to see so gay a company glowing in

their bright clothes of 'popinjay blue,' 'devil-in-the-head,' 'lusty gallant,' and I
know not what other outlandish new-fashioned hues, and to hear their
laughter rolling round the gray old walls, and the clink of their spurs and
rapiers on the pavement, and the rustle of their silks and taffeta as they
walked.

Wrapped as I was in myself, and shut off by my shame from all men, that
thoughtless throng only made my sense of loneliness keener. Far more in
sympathy with me than any creature there was the tall temple itself, which,
stripped long since of all its altars and Popish adornments, seemed to look
down in lofty contempt upon the irreverent crowd which insulted its ancient
dignity. Solemn and sad and alone it seemed to wait in patient confidence for
the day when their little paltry lives would have passed away to oblivion,
and its days of worship would come again.

That there were many there more loyal with their tongues than in ought
else I could see as I went forward and came near Duke Humphrey's tomb.
Here the proclamation seemed wellnigh forgotten. Round the battered effigy
the throng was thicker and full of ruffling loud-voiced swaggerers, who,
from their ruffianly carriage and most vile Smithfield oaths, made me think
their gentility much belied the bravery of their clothes. It was a thing I then
first noted, and have since much grieved over, that men of low station
nowadays take to wearing garments of gentleman's cut, no matter how
common or ill-made, so long as they be as good as their scrapings, or
stealings, or borrowings will buy.
 Not wishing to mingle with this lewd throng I turned aside between the
columns, that I might so pass into the aisle and avoid them. But before I
could carry out my purpose I felt myself hustled roughly into the aisle by
some one who thrust violently by me.

'Body of Bacchus!' said a loud, gruff voice, 'know you not better, base
countryman, than to hustle a gentleman so?'

I turned and saw glaring at me a tall ruffian whom I had noted in the
throng. He was dressed in garish and faded garments very vilely pinked and
guarded, and wore on his head a most desperate hat. As though to give him a
warlike note, his clothes were thrown on in a slovenly way, and his
moustache frounced out so shock and bristling that it seemed from each hair-
end a crackling oath must start with every word he said. I felt little inclined
for a brawl, least of all in that place, though to quarrel with any man would
perhaps have been a comfort in my present state; so I civilly told him I was
sorry to have stood in his way.

'What, base minion!' said he very fierce, with a whole fusilada of oaths,
'think you to pass so lightly from a gentleman's wrath?'

'I pray you, sir, be content,' I replied as quietly as I could, for it seemed
very silly to quarrel with such a mountebank. 'If I wronged your gentility it
was unwittingly, and I crave your pardon.'

'Stay, rude rustic,' said he, stepping before me as I turned away, and
clapping his hand to a rapier of extravagant length. 'This shall not serve you.
Craving of pardons shall not serve you, nor your pardonnez-mois neither. A
gentleman must have satisfaction by rule and circumstance, after the
teaching of the inestimable Signor Rocco.'

I found myself by this time hemmed in by a throng of his fellows, as

ruffianly and hectoring as himself, none of whom I dare have sworn could
ever have afforded so much as their noses inside Signor Rocco's 'College,' so
I thought best to make an end.

'Come then, sir,' said I, 'to a fitting place, and I will presently give you
your desire.'
 'Nay, but first name your friends,' my opponent replied. 'For know, base
scullion, that town-bred gentlemen fight by rule and circumstance, and not
like two rams in field, without supporters.'

'Yes, pretty shepherd,' cried the throng jeeringly, 'name first your friend, if
you want a gentleman to walk with you.'

I now saw my evil case and what a trick was put on me, and knew not
what to do. To draw my rapier, Harry's rapier, on this vermin was farthest
from my thoughts. Yet the throng hustled me closer, and my bully swaggered
and threatened loudly.

'I have no friend here,' said I, 'unless any gentleman among you will stand
by me.'

'Hark to the scurvy rustic,' they cried, in answer to my look around to

them. 'A pox on your familiarity. You will get no friend here.'

'Nay, my dry-livered lubbers, that he will,' cried a clear jolly voice, and I
turned to see Frank Drake and another gentleman break through the throng
to my side. 'What is it, Jasper? Stand back, ye lubberly porpoises, and give a
seaman sea-room.'

'Stand back, I pray you, gentlemen,' cried my bully very condescending; 'I
knew not that I spoke with a friend of Captain Drake's.'

'Or maybe you would not have spoken so loud, my pot-valiant Hercules,'
said Frank's friend.

'What is all the coil about, Jasper?' said Frank again, while my bully tried
to outstare the gentleman.

''Tis nothing,' said I. 'He wanted two friends for me, to help give him
satisfaction for having been at the pain of jostling me.'

'Give him a tester, sir,' said Frank's friend, 'to buy sack withal. That is the
best satisfaction for his most barrel-bellied worship.'
 'No, gentlemen,' said my bully with great pomp, finding he could not
outstare his new adversary, 'it is satisfaction enough to know the gentleman
is a friend of the most valiant Captain Drake. I know of no quarrel here that
a skin of muscadine will not assuage. I pray you, let me conduct you to a
very honest tavern hard by where I am known, and where I will see you
served with the best.'

'Most courtly offered!' said the gentleman. 'And peradventure your most
sweet honesty will see us served also with very honest dice and very honest
cards. 'Tis a pity we are promised elsewhere, but so it is, and we must
perforce pray your valourship to bestow on us instead a full measure of your
most delectable absence.'

'By the soul of Bacchus,' said the bully, swelling with contempt, 'were it
not for the proclamation, blood should flow for this;' but we all laughed at
him, and he strode away with his nose in the air, as proud as Alexander after
Granicus. So we were rid of him and his fellows, who followed on his heels
all growling, 'Were it not for the proclamation,' and swearing like drovers
between their teeth.

'A happy meeting, Jasper,' said Frank. 'Yonder go as arrant a lot of thieves
as any in all London. Be better acquainted with my friend, Mr. John
Oxenham. A fellow-adventurer, Oxenham, Mr. Festing, but not, to my grief,
a shipmate.'

'Pity you will not sail with us, Mr. Festing,' said Mr. Oxenham with a
winning courtesy of manner. 'A man who can stand up to a throng of
swaggerers like that should try his hand on Spaniards.'

'Why, so he has,' cried Frank,' and to their cost; but now he will be doing
nothing but ram home most portentous charges of words into paper ordnance
with a quill rammer. Heaven knows what giants they will bring down when
they go off!'

We all laughed together, for I cannot say what it was to me to meet these
two in the midst of my loneliness. I gladly accepted their invitation to a
tavern, where we could talk in peace. For not only was I overjoyed to be
with Frank again, but I was much taken with Mr. Oxenham.
 He was a tall, well-dressed man with a very handsome face, and such
courageous eyes that I did not wonder they had daunted the Paul's man. 'Tis
true I should have liked him better had it not been for an amorous look he
wore over all his manliness. Yet who was I to judge him for that? His talk
was very pleasant, for he had been a rover from his youth, and spoke of what
he had seen freely, without boasting. We sat drinking a long time, and talked
of the glories of the West and a sailor's life, for which he had conceived a
romantic enthusiasm.

'Ah, Mr. Festing,' burst out Mr. Oxenham at last, 'it is a pity you will not
sail with us to the West, since you are bent on travel. I envy you your
learning in these things, but none who have not seen can picture their glory.
Compared with them, to potter about Europe from one pestered town to
another, from one crowded country to another, is like the paddling of a
duckling in a puddle beside the everlasting flight of the god-like albatross,
that never lights, not even for love. This old world is gray, and worn, and
stifling. Over there it is all colour and sunlight and freedom; where the
golden land brings forth without labour, and he who will may pass through
and enjoy. Why, when once you come to that Paradise where all is so wide
and fresh and lovely, you lift your hands in wonder, as you look back to this
dull corner far away, that your life can ever have been so little as to come
within the bounds of such a prison; you shall hardly believe there was ever
room here for aught large enough to cause a moment's grief or joy for your
expanded soul. There you can see Nature and know at last what beauty is.
There at last you shall drink her fragrant breath, feel the richness of her
warm embrace, revel in the azure and rose colour and golden sheen that
make up her divine beauty, and lie in her arms to know at last what it means
to say, "This is delight."'

'And think, lad,' cried Frank, who hardly, I think, can have seen with Mr.
Oxenham's eyes, 'think that it is Spaniards who have ravished this rich
beauty. It is these idolatrous hell-hounds of Antichrist who have possessed
this Shulamite woman whom the Lord had reserved as a bride for his saints.
It will be a glorious smiting of them. Their lust has made them sleepy and
womanish. They are puffed up into silly security with their Spanish pride.
Why, man, they will leave whole estates in charge of one slave, and send out
trains of a hundred Indians or more laden with gold with but a single negro
over them. I know it all now. I know every way in and out, and every course
and time their ships will sail, and I know harbours, lad, where none could
ever find us, where we can lie in wait and pounce out like cats on the good
things that come by. And then they have not a walled town on the coast, that
I know of. We can swoop down on the Dons and be away again, made men,
or ever they have time to wake up out of their beds. Why will not men see
what there is to be done, if they will only do? One such stroke as I have in
mind will do more to undo Antichrist than all your thinking. Yet you scholars
will not see it, but will not cease your idle disputing and dreaming till the
angels shall come down and cry to you in voice of thunder, "Ye men of
Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven?"'

His words struck me very deep, and I began to see how idle was our
scholars' contempt for men of action. So, with ever-growing interest, I
listened as we talked together till long after supper, and Frank unfolded
every detail of his plan in his honest practical way. Mr. Oxenham, moreover,
ceased not to paint his glowing pictures not only of what was known of those
regions, but also of the fairyland beyond, where no Christian had yet trod,—
the unknown lands where he set my fancy playing with his till my
imagination, on which I had already heaped so much that was inflammable
from my books, was all on fire.

As for my reason, Frank's sound sense was enough to satisfy that, and his
taunt at my standing still and gazing up into heaven while others were doing
touched my pride nearly. What wonder, then, that when the time came to bid
them good-night, when I saw before me my lonely lodging, when I pictured
the blank morrow and all my life beyond, empty of hope or joy or
fellowship, when they urged me once more most earnestly to sail with them,
that I could not resist!

They were pressing on me the very course in which I could follow Mr.
Follet's strangely-worded advice more fully and nobly than I had ever
dreamed. In place of my faith a sense of destiny seemed to have come to me,
and to be speaking clearly in this chance meeting. If there was anything in
man's harmony with the music of the spheres, sure it was the wild
adventurous war-note of the universal gamut that I heard far off in the height
of heaven sounding low and clear for my soul's response.
 My quest for Harry was forgotten, and with it whatever else tied me to
the old life, which now began to seem but a body of death. For that strange
voice had come over the wide ocean and whispered its witching summons in
my ear also. I could not choose but obey.

So we three joined hands and drank a cup on my resolve, and one more
was added to the throng who day by day were leaving all to taste the ripe lips
of this New Helen in the West.

CHAPTER XVI

It was arranged that I should go out as gentleman adventurer; and since I

did not wish to be without place, and had some little knowledge of business,
gained by always managing my own estate so as to make it yield the fullest
return, I begged and got the office of merchant to the expedition.

I was soon tried in my new post, for Frank was earnest to get back to
Plymouth to speed the fitting out of the ships and the building of the
pinnaces, which we were to carry with us in pieces. So I was left to purchase
the arms and other furniture which was still lacking. This had been the only
occasion of his staying in London, which being left in my hands he was free
to depart, and this he accordingly did, taking Mr. Oxenham with him.

From my constant fear of meeting Harry, which was greater than ever
since I had resolved to fly, I stirred abroad no more than my business
demanded.

Yet I was obliged often to go into the city, for there was still a great deal
to be done. Money was in no way lacking, both by reason of the success of
Frank's two former voyages, which had lined his pockets well, and of the
support he got elsewhere. Nothing was to be wanting from the complete
furniture of a man-of-war in either ship; and our captain, who, both on his
person and his ship, would always have the best, had furnished me with a
long schedule of muskets, calivers, targets, pikes, partisans, bows, and
artificers' tools, as well as cloth and other provision for a whole year, all of
which things I was bidden to purchase of different merchants as far as
possible, that no wind of our preparations should be blown into the Spanish
ambassador's ears.

Such time as I was not thus engaged I spent very profitably in Signor
Rocco's new College of Fence in Warwick Lane. I had learned that Harry did
not resort thither, so, since it was near my lodging, I was able to enjoy my
best-loved pastime and see much excellent rapier-play that was new to me,
whereby the pain of my delay in London was a little eased.

Thus by avoiding other public places, and above all Paul's, at the end of a
fortnight I found my work complete without the meeting I dreaded; and with
a lighter heart than I had borne for many a day I took ship at Radcliffe with
all my lading, and so came to Plymouth after a slow passage on the
afternoon of Friday, the 23d of May.

The three brothers, for Joseph Drake was of the expedition as well as
John, received me with open arms, and much commended my pains when
the arms and furniture came to be stowed on board. They informed me that
as merchant I was to sail in the admiral with Frank, of which I was very
glad.
 PLYMOUTH

It seemed that everything was prepared, and that, as they had only stayed
for my coming, we were to weigh on the morrow. Nothing could have been
more to my mind. So eager was I to leave my old life behind that I hardly
accepted their invitation to go ashore to gather the men who were yet to
come aboard. Yet I did at last for good-fellowship, and started with them to
the sound of a demi-culverin and a flourish of our trumpets, for a signal to
the mariners to embark.

As we rowed I saw another boat making for the Swan, which lay a good
way from the Pasha. They hailed us as we passed, so that I knew they were
some of our company; but I could not notice them much, for Frank just then
took occasion to point out Mount Edgcombe to me and I looked the other
way.
 Our passage from tavern to tavern to beat up the stragglers was like a
triumph. Indeed I think Plymouth was then, and maybe still is, flat drunk
with the western wine. A crowd followed on our heels, cheering us as we
went; the citizens came out from their suppers to pledge us lustily with
brimming tankards; and as for smiles of hostesses and wenches in the
taverns I had enough showered on myself alone, being a gentleman
adventurer in the expedition, as would wellnigh satisfy a regiment of horse a
whole campaign, as such things go now.

What with these oglings and smirkings of the pretty Plymouth lasses and
our constant pledgings, I could have been as jolly as any piece of tar-yarn
there had it not been for the grievous sights I saw, and our pain therefrom in
getting our men aboard, though I think a very willing crew.

Most had pledged once or twice too often, and were for ever taking leave
and never departing; some could not have gone if they had been willing, at
least not on their own legs; others were in pledge, for commodities they had
never seen, to cogging hosts, who held their boots or sword or breeches as
security. Some even we could by no means come at, save by help of a
magistrate's warrant to search some dishonest alehouse.

Frank told me what I saw was of no account by the side of what

sometimes happened.

'Why, lad,' said he, 'I have known it take two days and all the magistrates
in the borough to gather a company, and then not see it done. Nay, it is not
an unheard-of thing for this scandal to be the utter overthrow of a voyage,
and general undoing of owners, victuallers, and company. Mine are all
picked lads, or you should not have seen us come off so easily.'

'I marvel,' said I, and I still do, 'that some among our great lord-admirals
have not taken order to end these things, which seem a great scandal to the
reputation of our sea-service no less than an injury to the commonwealth,
and ought to be reformed.'

'That is well enough,' answered Frank, 'and much to be wished; but to

keep a mariner at such times from his ale is a thing more lightly attempted
than easily accomplished.'
 Mr. Oxenham was little help to us. Indeed he had so many pouting lips to
kiss in this his own fair town of Plymouth, and so many dainty waists to
encircle, that I began to think nothing but a warrant or a file of pikes would
ever get him aboard.

Still it was done at last, and the sun rose gloriously next morning upon us
with our company complete. It was Whitsunday Eve, and the whole town
seemed to have made holiday to bid us God-speed that sunny May morning.

It was a fair sight to see the hills around in their fresh spring garb
crowding down to the harbour, which seemed to spread out its shining arms
to embrace them. The Hoe was thronged with a great mass of people in their
gayest clothes; every point beside was bright with colour, and a score of
small fry were cleaving the clear waters about us.

We stood off and on awhile to give them a good sight of us, and bid the
fair town 'Farewell' with our great pieces and our music. I think Frank was
very proud of his ships, and well he might be, for never can have been a
smarter sight in Plymouth harbour than we were that day as we beat to and
fro with our great flags of St. George at the main-tops, and our silk streamers
down to the blue water, and now and again a white puff from our castles as
we answered the ordnance from the platform saluting us.

Cheer after cheer went up from the shore folk between each discharge till
we could no longer hear them, and stood out to sea, fairly started at last on
that most memorable adventure. I say memorable, for surely never was so
great a service undertaken with so small a power. We were, men and boys,
all told, but seventy-three souls, being forty-seven in the admiral and twenty-
six in the vice-admiral, under John Drake, and only one of us all that was not
under thirty.

The wind was very favourable at north-east, and we stood on all that day
and next night. In the morning when I came on deck I found we were going
under easy sail, only a cable's length from our vice-admiral. A boat was
towing alongside of us, and I saw that some one must have come aboard
from the Swan.
 I went aft to our captain's cabin to see what it might mean. I knocked at
the door. Frank's cheery voice bade me enter. I opened and went in. Heaven
save me from such a moment again! My heart stood still, my brain swam, for
there beside Frank sat Harry, with Sergeant Culverin at his back!

He sprang to his feet as I shut the door behind me, and stood glaring at
me with his hand on his rapier.

'Sit down, Harry!' cried Frank; 'I will have no brawling here.'

Harry took no notice, but stood with his breath coming very fast and hard
just as before.

'Sit down, sir,' thundered our captain; 'wilt mutiny in my own cabin? Hark
ye, sir, on my ship there is no difference between a gentleman and a cook's
boy when it comes to giving orders. Sit down now, and take your hand from
that weapon, or I shall presently take order to have you in irons.'

'You are right, Frank, quite right,' said Harry with an effort as he slowly
sat himself down. 'But how can you have done us this unkindness?'

'Frank, Frank,' said I, finding voice at last, 'you know not what you have
done.' With that I tottered to the seat on the opposite side of the table to
Harry. I felt undone and crushed. My long grieving and much brooding on
my shame had told on me more than I guessed. And now to find after my
cowardly flight I had fallen into a trap a hundredfold more dreadful than that
I had sought to escape, to find my new hopes shattered at a blow and this
awful trial before me, was more than I could bear, and in utter broken
despair I buried my face in my arms upon the table to hide my tears.

'I know well enough what I have done,' said Frank, after he had left us
thus in silence for some moments. 'Do you think that when two good lads,
fast friends, come to me each separately from the side of one fair lady,
haggard and woe-begone, and tell me that they want to journey they care not
whither, so long as it be far from England, do you think then I know not
what it means? Why, man, I have a score such aboard now. For though many
think that the greater the thief and blasphemer the better the soldier, yet say I
for my work give me, next to him who sails for love of God, the honest lad
that sails for love of a lass. As I judge they are half and half aboard our ships
now. So think you I could not read the old tale, when I saw it writ so plain?
And had it not been so, I should yet have known; for there comes to me an
honest worthy soldier who knew better than I.

'"Captain Drake," says he, "here is a mighty storm blowing between two
valiant gentlemen, who after long and loving consort have parted company,
so that they cannot come together again without most nice navigation. I pray
you take command," says he.

'"How do they bear, Sergeant?" says I.

'"Cry you mercy there, captain," says he; "I am no pilot of gentlemen's
quarrels, yet I can give you certain just observations, whence peradventure
you may take their bearings yourself."'

Therewith Frank repeated the whole story as he had it from the Sergeant,
till he came to Harry's flight from the inn. Then in a low earnest voice he
told clearly, as though it were passing before his eyes, what the Sergeant had
seen me do outside with Harry's rapier. I felt so shamed to hear it now that I
would have stayed him, but felt I could not speak.

'So, gentlemen,' said our captain, when he ended the tale,' I knew it was a
quarrel that might be healed, and knew nothing more sovereign in such a
case than the lusty sea. I have known many so healed, when they get far
away and see what a little thing it is they wrestled for, beside the prizes a
brave lad can win over sea. That is what I have done, and I know I am right;
and if you be true men, I would have you shake hands before you leave this
cabin.'

The sound of Harry's hard breathing had ceased as Frank got on with his
tale, and since he described the scene in the inn-yard I felt my brother's eyes
had been fixed upon me. Now I heard him rise, and felt his hand laid upon
my shoulder.

'Poor lad,' said he very gently, 'poor lad! what fearful suffering, what a
terrible war must have been in your good heart! Why did I not know it and
help you to victory? You have won alone. I know it now, but God forgive
me, with what carnage of your soul, which but for my folly I could have
stayed. We have both sinned, and grievously we have both been punished;
let us now lay down the scourge.'

I looked up, hardly daring to face him. Yet when I saw his look was filled
with pity I took courage. Rising to my feet I took his hands and pressed them
hard, but I could not speak. So putting his arm through mine, he led me to
the door.

'Come,' said he, 'we will go talk together. While our captain finishes
writing his instructions we will try to instruct each other how best to show
ourselves worthy of her.'

I think we both went out very humbled. Not only because Frank had so
imperiously bent us to his will and shown us what children we were beside
him, but also because he had compared us to the love-sick boys of the crew,
and our story to their love squabbles. Yet how could we deny it was
different? It was indeed hard to confess how little different it was, and, as I
say, we both went out with our pride, the mainstay of quarrels, much
humbled.

We had both, I know, tried honestly that our quarrel should end here, yet
was the rent too wide and deep to be mended so easily. His arm seemed to sit
uneasily in mine, and ere we had gone a few paces he took some excuse of a
point coming untied to draw it away.

Like strangers at last we sat down and tried to talk, but it was very
difficult. I would have given my tongue to have gone on with the tale where
Frank ended, and to have told Harry how I had seen his dear wife mourning
over her child for his loss. Yet half from shame to confess I had gone back to
Ashtead, and half in fear of adding to his grief by telling him what abiding
love he had left, I held my peace, and we fell to talking in false notes about
the voyage, till, to our great relief, Harry was summoned to Frank's cabin to
receive his orders for Captain John Drake. As soon as I was alone Sergeant
Culverin came up to me with his elaborate salute.

'I trust you will forgive my freedom, your worship,' said he.
 'Forgive, Sergeant!' I answered. 'I have nothing to forgive; I have only
thanks for the good work you have done.'

'Nay,' said he, 'I did nothing; no more than that astrolabe with which Mr.
Oxenham yonder is taking our position. I was but a poor instrument for
Captain Drake to shape your courses withal.'

'Still I must thank you, Sergeant, from my heart.'

'I pray you, sir, if you love me, say no more. Let us pass to other things.
How does this most uncivil motion sort with your worship's stomach?'

'Well enough, Sergeant; does it quarrel with yours?' I asked, for he looked
a little pale.

'To be plain with you, sir, the sea and I are not so good friends as we hope
to become. Last night was most evil to me in yonder fly-boat—Swan, they
call it; yet for liveliness Sparrow would sort better with its nature. There
was, moreover, a mariner of the watch who would increase my load by
singing continually a most woeful, ancient ballad of pilgrims at sea. Thus it
ran, sir:—

'"Thus meanwhile the pilgrims lie,

And have their bowlies fast them by,
And cry after hot Malvoisie,
Their health for to restore.
And some would have a salted toast,
For they might eat nor sodden nor roast;
A man might soon pay for their cost
As for one day or twain."

And more very sickly stuff to like intent, sir, to a very doleful tune.'

'I fear, Sergeant,' said I, 'your voyage to the Indies will not be as pleasant
as you could desire.'

'Indeed, sir,' said he, 'I wish we could fetch thither a-horseback, being, as
I think, the only honourable manner of going for gentlemen. Still, since it
has pleased God to put this shifty, rude, uncourtly sea betwixt us and the
Indies, we must e'en make shift with a ship.'

'I am sorry for you, Sergeant,' I answered. 'A horse indeed would have
been a conveyance you better understood.'

'Well, it is not so much that,' said the Sergeant. 'For when I was sergeant-
groom under the Signor John Peter Pugliano, esquire of the Emperor's
stables, the word always went that a man who could manage a horse could
manage anything, save it were a woman, by your worship's leave. So I think
a ship will not come amiss to me, being in relation to a horse but a wet
lifeless thing.'

'But yet, Sergeant,' said I, 'of a wholly different nature.'

'I know not that, sir,' said he. 'The ancients were wiser than we in these
matters, saving your worship's learning, and, as I have been told, placed
amongst their ensigns military the horse, as being sacred to the god Neptune
as well as to Mars, and the symbol of immoderate fury of attack on sea as
well as on land. Moreover in your tilting of one ship against another you
have an image or imitation of the crowning glory of horsemanship.'

'But we English do not use this method,' I answered, 'and hold it only fit
for Turks and Spaniards, and such like, who, having no skill in sailing and
seamanship, are compelled to use galleys propelled with oars.'

'Mass!' said Culverin, 'had I known that I should have sailed even less
willingly than I did. What you say may be right, yet I hold that to sail with a
lance at your bows is the more honourable and soldierly method. But let that
pass. Doubtless by further contemplation I shall discover further similitudes
between the horse and the ship. Since I hear what you say, sir, I see nothing
in which they are alike save in respect of their prancing—a quality I would
gladly forego in the present case, seeing that I am like to find little comfort
in it.'

As we spoke Harry came out of the captain's cabin, and Sergeant

Culverin had to leave to accompany his master back to the Swan. My
brother, good heart, did his best to bid me farewell as of old, but what
between my shamefacedness to see his careworn look and damped spirit, and
his own too recent sense of the great wrong I had done him, our leave-taking
was cold and formal, for all he tried so hard to forgive.

CHAPTER XVII

Our wind held so fair and steady at north-east that on the ninth day we
sighted Porto Santo in the Madeiras, and two days later the Canaries. So
persuaded was our captain of a very good passage, and so earnest to give the
Spaniards no inkling of our purpose, that he would not touch for water, but
held on without once dropping anchor or striking sail till the thirty-fifth day.

In spite of the terrible shock my sudden meeting with Harry had given to
my spirits, and in spite of my despair at being condemned to face my shame
and sorrow for I knew not how many months, I could not but feel a calm
grow over me as we proceeded. None can tell, save he who has tried it, what
it is to a perturbed spirit to sail on day after day over those sunny seas with
all the magic of the West before. Less and less I brooded over the old life,
and more and more on the glory of the new, till, as Frank had said, the past
seemed to grow small, and a faint hope arose in me that my crime was not
too great for pardon, seeing that I knew how hard my brother would try to
forgive.

I employed myself in studying navigation and the Spanish tongue with

Frank, nor were ship duties wanting, for it was ever our captain's way to
have the gentlemen tally on a rope as well as the meanest mariner when need
was.

He hated nothing so much as idleness, and those who had no work had
always to find play, which he himself was not slow in furnishing.

'I know nothing,' he used to say, 'that breeds discontent and faint hearts
like the union of these two, dullness and idleness.'
 So with games, and music, and rummaging and cleaning arms, our spirits
were kept up when they were like to sink for want of work. Frank was very
earnest about this on our present voyage, for as we neared the Indies the
hands, being young, began to frighten themselves with tales of the great
strength and richness of the Indian cities, until, had it not been for Frank's
care in stopping and preventing such idle talk with other inducements, they
would have come to think Nombre de Dios as big as London and as strong
as Berwick.

Nor were we allowed to lose sight of the godly purpose of our enterprise.
Prayers were ordered every day night and morning, which our captain read
very earnestly, never forgetting a prayer to God for the Queen's Majesty, her
most honourable council, and the speedy 'making' of our voyage, the same
having a very good effect, for the half at least of the crew were as good
Puritans as himself.

Thus it was in a very hopeful and godly state that, on the evening of the
thirty-fifth day we saw the Isle of Guadeloupe towering on the horizon like a
priceless jewel in the setting sun. With all our music and many a gay flourish
of our trumpets we saluted it, and that night as we lay a-hull our musicians
gave us a double portion of melody.

With the first morning light we ran in and anchored off a little rocky
island three leagues off Dominica, where we lay three days to refresh our
men. And here we landed and wandered at will, to taste for the first time the
surpassing loveliness of the tropics.

How shall I tell of those first days in the Indies? My pen seems a dumb
dead thing when I think of it. Much as I had thought, and dreamed, and read
of them, this waking, this seeing was far beyond all. On either hand the
heights of Guadeloupe and Dominica towered serenely out of their soft beds
of lustrous green. The glittering waters between were studded with island
gems ablaze with every bright hue which God has made, that we may taste
the glory which is to come. All about us was the hum of bright flies, the
sparkle of feather and gorgeous flowers, and the rustle of the scented air
through the crowded canes as it passed on to wave with dreamy motion the
heavy crowns of the slender palms. And over all, with faint and soothing
voice, there came in through the dense growth of vine and brake the deep-
toned booming of the surf.

Such is the pale shadow that I have power to paint of the banquet on
which our souls feasted as we lay in the deserted huts which the Indians,
who came there to fish, had built. So rich and heavenly was that world that I
could not wonder how men were led on to think that a little farther, only a
little farther, must be a land where gold and gems would be as the sand and
pebbles here, nay, where beyond some glittering hill they would see the open
gates of Paradise.

Not only by the memory of all that beauty does the time live in my mind,
but also because it was here I first had real speech with my wronged brother.
As we lay in those Dryad's bowers our sorrow seemed so far away and little
in this New World, so dim beside its dazzling glory, that it was for a time
half forgotten amidst the thousand new things that crowded our thoughts.
Like two Sileni we lay, as Mr. Oxenham had said, in the arms of lady
Nature, and all that was sad melted in the glow of her luxuriant life.

We had no spirit for the revels of our comrades, for chasing the bright-
hued birds, or plucking the gleaming flowers. We were both happier to lie
looking over the sea where our dainty ships rocked, and dreamily talk over
Harry's Italianate notions that rose unbidden here. Being to me now of
undreamed-of interest, since my old faith was gone, they were a subject we
could talk on more as we used to do.

'Surely,' I remember him saying, 'surely that Italian friar was right who
told me that the soul was not in the body. Can you not feel here, Jasper, how
great a thing it is? Can you not feel how there is something that binds you
like a brother to all this music of bird and leaf and air and sea? What can it
be but the great soul of the universe. That is it, and the friar was right. It is
that great soul which is not in our bodies, rather are our bodies in the soul—
the soul that is yours and mine and hers and God's.'

So would our speech always come back to our sorrow and part us again.
Yet were we too drunken with the western wine to feel the past too deeply.
Thus, then, once or twice during our stay there we had speech of these
things, and I began to hope still more that some day we might be the same