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Principal Stresses and Settlement Analysis

The document outlines a series of engineering problems related to soil mechanics, including the calculation of principal stresses, shear stresses, and settlement of clay layers under various conditions. It provides specific answers for each situation, detailing parameters such as unit weight, effective stress, and consolidation time. The document also includes formulas for determining relationships between dry density, specific gravity, water content, and air voids.

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52 views3 pages

Principal Stresses and Settlement Analysis

The document outlines a series of engineering problems related to soil mechanics, including the calculation of principal stresses, shear stresses, and settlement of clay layers under various conditions. It provides specific answers for each situation, detailing parameters such as unit weight, effective stress, and consolidation time. The document also includes formulas for determining relationships between dry density, specific gravity, water content, and air voids.

Uploaded by

2100860
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Problem Set Part II

Situation 1.

a. Determine the major and minor principal stresses. (Ans: 68.03kPa and 31.97kPa,
respectively)
b. Determine the maximum shear stress. (Ans: 18.03 kPa)
c. Determine the normal and shear stress on plane AB. (Ans: 32 kPa and 1.16 kPa,
respectively)
d. Locate the Major Plane. (CB Clockwise 28.16 deg OR BD Counterclockwise 61.85 deg)
e. Locate the Minor Plane. (BD Clockwise 28.16 deg OR CB Counterclockwise 61.85 deg)

Situation 2.

a. Determine the major and minor principal stresses. (Ans: 100 kPa and 60 kPa, respectively)
b. Determine the maximum shear stress. (Ans: 20 kPa)
c. Determine the normal and shear stress on plane CD. (Ans: 83.47kPa and 19.7kPa,
respectively)

Situation 3. A shallow footing rests on a normally consolidated soil as shown in Figure. It is required
to determine the primary settlement of the clay layer. Assume that the pressure under the footing
base is spread on a slope of 2V:1H and the average increase in pressure in clay is given as:
∆ Pt + 4 ∆ Pm + ∆ P b
∆ P=
6
Use the following data:
Sand: H 1=3 m ,Gs=2.68 , e=0.52 , s=80 %

Clay: H 2=4 m ,Gs=2.72 , e=1 .2 ,≪¿ 45 %

Footing: B=3 m , L=4 m, Df =1.5 m , Q=3200 kN


a) Determine the unit weight of the clay layer in kN/m³. (Ans: 17.48 kN/m³)
b) Determine the effective stress at the mid-height of the clay layer in kPa. (Ans: 75.28 kPa)
c) Determine the settlement of the clay layer in mm. (Ans: 166.8mm)

Situation 4. Refer to the figure. Estimate the primary consolidation settlement in the clay layer.
Given: ∆ P=85 kPa ; H 1=2 m; H 2=4 m∧H 3 =6 m. Soil characteristics are as follows: (Ans: 138.58mm)
Sand: e=0. 65 , G s=2.66
1
Clay: ¿=54 % ; e=0.98 ; Gs=2.74 ; Cs= Cc , Pc =150 kPa
6
Situation 5. A 3.75 m clay layer in the field (drained on one side) is normally consolidated. When the
pressure is increased from 50 kPa to 150 kPa, the void ratio decreases from 0.9 to 0.75. The
hydraulic conductivity, k, of the clay for the above loading range was found to be 6x10^-7 cm/sec.
a) How long (in days) will it take for the clay layer to reach 50% consolidation? (Ans: 43 days)
b) What is the settlement at that time (that is, at 50% consolidation)? (Ans: 148mm)

Situation 6. Obtain the relationship between dry density (γ d ¿, specific gravity (GS ), water content (ω ¿ and
percentage of air voids (n a). Hint: V T =V a +V w +V S

Gs (γ w )(1−na )
(Ans: γ d = )
1+Gsw

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