Internal medicine

1. Interpretation of renal function tests

2. Acute Glomerulonephritis
3. Nephrotic Syndrome
4. Tubulointerstitial disorders
5. Dialysis (Hemodialysis & Peritoneal Dialysis) & Renal Transplantation
6. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and its prevention
7. Approach to patients with dizziness & vertigo
8. Acute Kidney Injury
9. Management of congestive heart failure
10. Approach to headache
11. Approach to unconscious patients (coma)
12. Infective Endocarditis
13. Stroke Medicine
14. Seizure Disorders (including status epilepticus)
15. Disorders of cranial nerves I & II
16. Diseases of the cerebellum
17. Diseases of the spinal cord
18. Parkinsonism
19. Demyelinating Disorders of the CNS - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
20. Collagen Vascular Disorders (SLE, Scleroderma, JRA)
21. Rheumatoid Arthritis
22. Vasculitis (Polyarteritis Nodosa, Wegener's Granulomatosis)
23. Gout & Degenerative Joint Disease
24. Chronic Diarrhoea and Malabsorption Syndrome
25. Pediatric HIV infections - I & II
26. Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
27. Leukemia
28. Carcinoma of the prostate
29. Approach to poisoned patients (including organophosphates and paracetamol poisoning)
30. Snake and scorpion bites
31. Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Hypothyroidism
32. Pediatric HIV infections and Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT)
33. Acid/Base Disorders

Seminar Topics for Internal Medicine:

1. Heart Failure:
○ Pathophysiology, definition, and classification
○ Epidemiology and clinical manifestations
 ○ Diagnosis of heart failure
2. Immunization:
○ Immunization and herd immunity
○ Vaccine schedule, contraindications, and adverse events
○ Maintenance of cold chain
○ Specific passive immunization
3. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):
○ Definition and epidemiology
○ Aetiopathogenesis
○ UTI complicating pregnancy
○ Recurrent and complicated UTI
○ Diagnosis, management, prognosis, and prevention
4. Acid/Base Disorders:
○ pH, measurable ions, and anion gap significance
○ Buffer systems of the human body
○ Metabolic acidosis: Causes, diagnosis, and management
○ Metabolic alkalosis: Causes, diagnosis, and management
○ Respiratory acidosis/alkalosis: Causes, diagnosis, and management
5. Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Cancer Treatment:
○ Principles of radiotherapy
○ Indications for radiotherapy
○ Indications for chemotherapy
○ Classification of chemotherapy drugs
○ Complications of chemotherapy and radiotherapy
6. Childhood Cancers:
○ Leukemias (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [ALL] and others)
○ CNS tumors
○ Abdominal cancers
○ Other important childhood malignancies
7. Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI):
○ Treatment guidelines
○ Follow-up care
○ Breastfeeding practices
8. Modern Management Techniques in Health Services:
○ Management methods
○ Types of management techniques
○ Applications in health services
○ Uses and limitations
 OG
Obstetrics:

1. Multiple fetal gestation

2. Physiology of menstruation
3. Obstructed labor and rupture uterus
4. Normal and abnormal puberty
5. Amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea
6. Pelvic inflammatory disease and lower genital tract infections
7. Menopause and hormone replacement therapy
8. Abnormal uterine bleeding
9. Genital tuberculosis
10. Pelvic organ prolapse
11. Screening for genital malignancies
12. Non-hormonal contraception
13. Hormonal contraception
14. Infertility:
● Causes and investigations (male and female)
● Treatment (male and female)
15. Carcinoma cervix:
● Etiopathogenesis and premalignant conditions
● Clinical features, diagnosis, complications, and management
16. Carcinoma endometrium
17. Benign tumors of the uterus (e.g., fibroid uterus)
18. Sepsis in obstetrics
19. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
20. Testicular tumors (relevant to reproductive system disorders)
21. Minimal invasive surgery in gynecology
22. Hormonal therapy in gynecology

Gynecology (Congenital/Benign and Malignant):

1. Common congenital abnormalities in the urinary system

2. Genito-urinary fistula
3. Vesical calculus (definition, clinical features, treatment)
4. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
5. Carcinoma of the prostate
6. Carcinoma vulva and vagina
7. Benign ovarian tumors
8. Malignant ovarian tumors
9. Neural tube defects and hydrocephalus (as it relates to obstetrics)
10. Pediatric gynecology disorders
 11. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy principles in gynecological cancers

Seminar Topics for Obstetrics and Gynecology:

1. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss:

○ Definition and etiopathology
○ Clinical features of habitual abortion
○ Laboratory investigations
○ Medical management
○ Surgical management
2. Infertility:
○ Oogenesis and spermatogenesis
○ Causes and investigations of male infertility
○ Causes and investigations of female infertility
○ Treatment of female infertility
○ Treatment of male infertility
3. Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Gynecological Cancers:
○ Principles of radiotherapy
○ Indications of radiotherapy
○ Indications of chemotherapy
○ Classification of chemotherapy drugs
○ Complications of chemotherapy/radiotherapy
4. Role of Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology:
○ 1st trimester ultrasonography
○ 2nd trimester ultrasonography
○ 3rd trimester ultrasonography
○ Antenatal and fetal surveillance
○ Congenital anomalies detected by ultrasound
5. Behavioral Problems in Adolescence:
○ Emotional disorders
○ Sexual problems in adolescence
○ Eating disorders
○ Juvenile delinquency
○ Problems at school
6. Acid/Base Disorders:
○ pH, measurable ions, and anion gap significance
○ Buffer systems of the human body
○ Metabolic acidosis: Causes, diagnosis, and management
○ Metabolic alkalosis: Causes, diagnosis, and management
○ Respiratory acidosis/alkalosis: Causes, diagnosis, and management
 Paediatrics Topics:
1. Failure to thrive: Clinical approach and management
2. Developmental delay: Clinical approach and management of mental retardation
3. Common congenital abnormalities in the urinary system:
○ Types, clinical features, complications, imaging, treatment
4. Floppy infant syndrome: Clinical approach (including Guillain-Barré Syndrome and
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy)
5. Seizure disorders: Classification, etiology, diagnosis, and management
6. Cerebral palsy: Clinical approach and management
7. Approach to acyanotic congenital heart disease (including Ventricular Septal Defect
[VSD])
8. Approach to cyanotic congenital heart diseases (including Tetralogy of Fallot [TOF])
9. Pediatric HIV infections:
○ Epidemiology, staging, and opportunistic infections
○ Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT)
10. Juvenile diabetes mellitus and Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
11. Infective endocarditis in children
12. Acute rheumatic fever
13. Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption syndrome in children
14. Pediatric vasculitis (Kawasaki Disease, Henoch-Schönlein Purpura)
15. Pediatric hematological disorders:
○ Leukemia (ALL and others)
○ Lymphoma
16. Pediatric brain tumors and Wilms tumor
17. Pediatric HIV infections (Part II): Prevention strategies
18. Approach to acyanotic and cyanotic congenital heart disease (expanded)
19. Pediatric infectious diseases:
○ Tuberculosis in children
○ Pediatric HIV and related complications

Seminar Topics Related to Paediatrics:

1. Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI):

○ Treatment guidelines
○ Follow-up care
○ Breastfeeding practices
2. Childhood Cancers:
○ Leukemias (ALL and others)
○ CNS tumors
○ Abdominal cancers
○ Other important childhood malignancies
 Surgery Topics:
1. Renal and ureteral injuries:
○ Clinical features, types, management, and complications
2. Hydronephrosis:
○ Causes, pathology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment
3. Renal calculus:
○ Etiology, types, clinical features, investigations, and treatment
4. Ureteric calculus:
○ Clinical features, imaging, and treatment
5. Surgical infections of the kidney:
○ Etiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, investigations, and treatment
6. Neoplasms of the kidney:
○ Benign and malignant classifications, pathology, clinical features, staging,
spread, investigation, treatment, and prognosis
7. Vesical calculus:
○ Definition, types, composition, clinical features, treatment, and complications
8. Neoplasms of the bladder:
○ Aetiopathogenesis, tumor staging and grading, clinical features, investigations,
treatment, and urinary diversion
9. Urinary bladder and urethral injuries:
○ Types, clinical features, investigations, and treatment
10. Congenital anomalies of the urethra:
○ Inflammation, stricture (anatomy, causes, pathology, clinical features,
investigations, and treatment)
11. Phimosis, paraphimosis, and carcinoma of the penis:
○ Etiology, pathology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment
12. Incompletely descended testis:
○ Pathology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and complications
13. Epididymo-orchitis, torsion of testis, and varicocele:
○ Etiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment
14. Heat stroke, cold injuries, and drowning
15. Electrical injuries and radiation injuries
16. Principles of organ transplantation
17. Neoplasms of the prostate:
○ Pathology, staging, screening, clinical features, investigations, treatment, and
prognosis
18. Benign prostatic hyperplasia:
○ Etiology, pathology, clinical features, investigations, treatment, and complications
19. Polytrauma management:
○ Prehospital care, lethal triad, and damage control surgery
20. Minimal invasive surgery in general and gynecological settings
21. Pediatric surgical conditions:
○ Neural tube defects and hydrocephalus
 22. Principles of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in surgical oncology

Seminar Topics Related to Surgery:

1. Blunt Trauma Abdomen:

○ Introduction and etiology
○ Grading and clinical features
○ Emergency management and investigations
○ Surgical management of splenic and liver injuries
○ Complications
2. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):
○ Definition and epidemiology
○ Aetiopathogenesis
○ UTI complicating pregnancy
○ Recurrent and complicated UTI
○ Diagnosis, management, prognosis, and prevention
3. Polytrauma:
○ Definition and issues
○ Prehospital and emergency management of polytrauma patients
○ Relevant investigations for hemodynamically stable and unstable patients
○ Lethal triad and damage control surgery
4. Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Principles:
○ Indications, classifications, and complications
 SPH & CM Topics:
1. Census and population statistics and their importance in health
2. Health management:
○ Basic concepts
○ Applied aspects, including inventory management
3. Management Information System (MIS) in health
4. National health programs:
○ Communicable diseases
○ Non-communicable diseases
○ Reproductive and child health
○ Nutrition
5. Concept of health financing and health economics
6. Primary health care and Alma Ata Declaration
7. Government organizations in health care and their roles:
○ NGOs and INGOs
8. Health planning and its different methods
9. Health care delivery system in Nepal and the school health program
10. Behavioral problems in adolescence:
○ Emotional disorders
○ Sexual problems in adolescence
○ Eating disorders
○ Juvenile delinquency
○ Problems at school
11. Modern management techniques in health services:
○ Management methods and types
○ Applications in health services
○ Uses and limitations

Seminar Topics for SPH & CM:

1. Immunization:
○ Herd immunity
○ Vaccine schedule, contraindications, and adverse events
○ Maintenance of the cold chain
○ Specific passive immunization
2. National Health Policy and its importance
3. Modern Management Techniques in Health Services:
○ Management and management methods
○ Types of different management techniques
○ Applications in health services
○ Uses and limitations
4. Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI):
○ Treatment guidelines
 ○ Follow-up care
○ Breastfeeding practices
5. Behavioral Problems in Adolescence (Covered in Psychiatry too):
○ Emotional and sexual problems in adolescence
○ Eating disorders and juvenile delinquency
6. Role of ultrasonography in community health services