Material Causes (Tangible Resources)

1. Scenario: During a recent fire incident, the firefighting equipment in our sub-station was
fully operational and sufficient for the task.
o Question: Do you believe that the availability and condition of firefighting
equipment significantly affect the operational efficiency of BFP in responding to
fire incidents?
2. Scenario: Fire trucks in our area are regularly inspected and maintained to ensure they
are ready for immediate deployment.
o Question: How strongly do you agree that well-maintained fire trucks enhance
the effectiveness of BFP's response to fire incidents?
3. Scenario: The fire station’s infrastructure, including storage and living quarters, is in
excellent condition and supports our daily operations.
o Question: To what extent do you agree that the condition of the fire station's
infrastructure impacts the operational readiness of the BFP?

4. Scenario: Firefighters have immediate access to personal protective equipment (PPE) that
meets all safety standards during fire incidents.

 Revised Question: How strongly do you believe that the availability and quality of PPE
directly affect the safety and effectiveness of firefighters during fire responses?

5. Scenario: The fire hydrants near the recent fire incident were accessible and fully
functional, allowing for an uninterrupted water supply.

o Question: Do you believe that the accessibility and functionality of fire hydrants
are crucial to the operational success of BFP in fire responses?

Formal Causes (Organizational Structures)

1. Scenario: Clear communication was maintained throughout the fire incident, following
the established chain of command.
o Question: How strongly do you believe that clear communication within the
BFP’s organizational structure impacts the effectiveness of fire incident
responses?
2. Scenario: All firefighters followed established protocols and procedures during the
recent fire response.
o Question: To what extent do you agree that adherence to established protocols is
essential for the BFP's operational success in firefighting?
3. Scenario: The chain of command was strictly observed, ensuring effective decision-
making during the fire incident.
o Question: How important do you think a well-defined chain of command is for
the efficiency of BFP’s operations during emergencies?
4. Scenario: Regular drills and training exercises have prepared the team for efficient
response during fire incidents.
 o Question: Do you agree that regular training and drills are critical to maintaining
the operational readiness of BFP?
5. Scenario: The communication system, including radios and dispatch, worked flawlessly
during the fire response.
o Question: How critical do you find reliable communication systems for the
operational success of BFP during fire incidents?

Efficient Causes (Activities of Firefighters)

1. Scenario: The team utilized their firefighting skills effectively to control the fire during
the recent incident.
o Question: How much do you agree that the firefighting skills and capabilities of
the team directly influence the operational success of BFP in fire incidents?
2. Scenario: Coordination with local government and police during the fire incident was
smooth and effective.
o Question: Do you believe that coordination with external agencies is a key factor
in the operational effectiveness of BFP during fire incidents?
3. Scenario: Firefighters in our sub-station have undergone regular training to keep their
skills current and effective.
o Question: To what extent do you agree that continuous training is essential for
maintaining the operational capabilities of BFP?
4. Scenario: During the fire incident, the internal coordination among team members was
seamless, leading to a quick response.
o Question: How important is internal team coordination for the operational
efficiency of BFP in handling fire incidents?
5. Scenario: Communication among firefighters on the scene was clear, ensuring a
coordinated and successful firefighting effort.
o Question: Do you think that clear communication among firefighters during
operations is crucial for the operational success of BFP?

Final Causes (Ultimate Goals)

1. Scenario: The team successfully ensured public safety during the fire incident, with no
civilian injuries reported.
o Question: How strongly do you agree that prioritizing public safety is the most
important operational goal for BFP during fire incidents?
2. Scenario: The firefighting operations minimized property damage during the recent fire.
o Question: To what extent do you believe that minimizing property damage
should be a primary goal in BFP's firefighting efforts?

3. Scenario: The team’s actions prevented injuries to both civilians and firefighters during the
incident.

Question: Do you believe that the BFP's operational success is best measured by its ability to
prevent injuries to both civilians and firefighters?
4. Scenario: The firefighting team employed strategies that also considered environmental
protection during the response.

Question: Do you agree that incorporating environmental protection into firefighting strategies
is essential for the BFP’s operational success?

5. Scenario: The ultimate goal of controlling and extinguishing the fire was achieved, leading to
a positive outcome for the community.

Question: How strongly do you agree that achieving the goal of fire control and extinguishment
should be the primary measure of success for the BFP's operational performance?

Material Cause

1. Scenario: The firefighting equipment in our sub-station was fully functional and adequate for the fire
incident.

Question: Do you think that the availability and quality of BFP’s firefighting equipment significantly
influence its response to fire incidents?

2. Scenario: Fire trucks are always inspected and serviced every now and then to guarantee they are
ready for immediate use.

Question: To what extent do you strongly believe that well-maintained fire trucks enhance the efficiency
of BFP’s response to fire incidents?

3. Scenario: Our daily work is supported by a good condition of our fire station infrastructures such as
storage spaces or living rooms.

Question: How far would you agree that the state of the infrastructural facilities at the fire station
impacts on operational preparedness of BFP?

4. Scenario: During firefighting, firefighters have PPEs which comply with safety regulations conveniently
within their reach.

Question: How convinced are you that availability and quality level of PPE directly impact on safety and
effectiveness of firefighters during fires?

5. Scenario: The recently burnt fire’s nearby hydrants were approachable and in good working order to
keep water running without interruption.

Q: Would you argue that operational success of the BFP in responding to fires requires accessible and
functioning fire hydrants?

Formal Cause
1. Scenario: Throughout the fire incident, clear communication prevailed following established chain of
command.

Q: How much do you agree with clear communication within the BFP’s organizational structure for
effective response to a fire incident?

2. Scenario: In response to a recent fire, all firefighters followed protocols and procedures as laid down
by management.

Q: Do you agree that adherence to established protocols is essential for the BFP's operational success in
firefighting?

3. Scenario: There was strict observance of the chain of command which ensured effective decision
making during the fire incident.

Q: Do you think well-defined chain of command is important or not for efficiency of BFP’s operations
during emergencies?

4. Scenario: The team has been undergoing regular drills and training exercises aimed at adequate
preparation when responding to fires.

Q: Is it true that regular training and drills are essential conditions for keeping BFP staff operationally
ready?

5. Scenario: The communication system including radios and dispatch is working excellently during the
fire response.

Question: Do you think reliable communication systems for BFP’s operation is essential for success in
suppressing fire?

Efficient cause:

1. Scenario: The team used effectively their firefighting skills to put off the fire during live incident.

Question: do you agree that the team’s firefighting skills are a key determinant of BFP’s effectiveness in
managing fire emergencies?

2. Scenario: During the fire incident, we coordinated effectively with local government and police.

Question: Do you think that working with other agencies is necessary for BFP to function well in doing
its work?

3. Scenario: Our sub-station firefighters have regularly been trained to update them on current effective
skills.

Question: How far do you agree that ongoing training is necessary for maintaining the operational
capabilities of BFP brigade?
4. Scenario: Internal team coordination was seamless within members of various teams leading to fast
response during the inferno.

Question: How much does internal team coordination count towards efficiency in BFP’s handling of
fires?

5. Scenario: firefighters on the ground communicated clearly to ensure that firefighting was coordinated
and successful.

Question: Do you think having a good communication system among BFP personnel during fire
operations is necessary for effective fire suppression?

Final cause:

1. Scenario: team always successfully maintained public safety during the fire incidents without any
injuries being suffered by civilians.

Question: How strongly do you agree that public safety should be prioritized as the most important
operational goal of BFP in fire incidents?

2. Scenario: The current firefighting efforts reduced property destruction from recent fires.

Question: How important do you think it is for BFP’s firefighting efforts to focus on reducing property
damage?

3. Scenario: The team prevented both civilian and firefighter injuries caused by such accident.

Question: Is BFP's operational success best measured by its ability to prevent injuries to both civilians
and firefighters?

4. Scenario: They were also thinking of environmental conservation while responding to the fire
outbreak.

Question: Do you agree that integrating environmental preservation into firefighting strategies is crucial
for effective operations at BFP?

5. Scenario: The fire was finally put out and controlled, leading to a positive outcome for the
community.

Question: How much do you agree that success of BFP’s operational performance can be measured by
achieving its goals on fire control and extinguishment?