Chapter

1 CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
 Textual questions
 Practice questions

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
 REFLECTION OF CONCEPTS
1. What information do you get from a balanced chemical equation?
Ans. A balanced chemical equations gives two types of information
a) Qualitative information
 A chemical equation gives information about the reactants and products
through their symbols and formulae.
b) Quantitative information
 It gives the ratio of molecules of reactants and products.
 As molecular masses are expressed in „Unified Masses‟ (U), the relative
masses of reactants and products are known from the equation.
 If the masses are expressed in grams then the equation also gives the molar
ratios of reactants and products.
 If gases are involved, we can equate their masses to their volumes and
calculate the volumes or those gases liberated at given condition of
temperature and pressure using molar mass and molar volume relationship.
 Using molar mass and Avagadro‟s number we can calculate the number of
molecules and atoms of different substances from the equation

2. What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should chemical equations be

balanced?
Ans. If the number of atoms of each element in reactants is equal to number of atoms in
products then the equation is said to be balanced chemical equation.
Chemical equation should be balanced to satisfy the law of conservation of mass
which states that mass is neither created nor destroyed but conserved during a
chemical reaction.

3. ‘X’ a brown coloured shining element with atomic number one unit greater
than Ni when burnt in air, turns black. What is ‘X’? What is the black coloured
substance?
Ans. X is copper. The black coloured substance is copper sulphide(Cu2S).

4. Balance the following chemical equations.

(a) NaOH+H2SO4  Na2SO4 +H2O (b) KClO3  KCl + O2
(c) Hg NO3 2 + KI  HgI2 + KNO3
Ans: a) NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + H2O
1) Compare number of atoms on LHS and RHS of equation.
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No.of atoms
Elements
LHS RHS
Na 1 2
O 5 5
H 3 2
S 1 1

2) We have to put „2‟ as coefficient of NaOH to balance the Na atoms on

both sides.
2NaOH  H2SO4  Na2SO4  H2O
3) Now to balance oxygen atoms on both sides we have to put „2‟ as
coefficient of H2O
2NaOH  H2SO4  Na2SO4  2H2O
4) Once again check the number of atoms on both sides and is observed that
they are equal . Hence it is balanced.

b) KClO3  KCl + O2
1) Compare atoms on both sides
No.of atoms
Elements
LHS RHS
K 1 1
Cl 1 1
O 3 2

2) Here K atoms are already balanced.

3) Oxygen atoms are „3‟ in LHS and „2‟ in RHS. To balance „O‟ atoms we have
to put „2‟ as coefficient of KClO3 and „3‟ as coefficient of O2.
2KClO3  2KCl  3O2
Now the equation is balanced.
c) Hg NO3 2  Kl  Hgl2  KNO3
1) Compare atoms on both sides

No.of atoms
Elements
LHS RHS
Hg 1 1
N 2 1
O 6 3
K 1 1
I 1 2

2) To balance „N‟ atom on both sides we have to put „2‟ as coefficient of H 2O.
HgNO3 2  KI  HgI2  2KNO3
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„K‟ atoms changes on both sides. So to balance „K‟ atoms we have to put „2‟
as coefficient of KI.

HgNO3 2  2KI  HgI2  2KNO3

Now the equation is balanced.

5. Mention the physical states of the reactants and products of the following
chemical reactions and balance the equations.
a) C6H12O6  C2H5OH  CO2
Ans. C6H12O6  aq  2C2H5OH  aq   2CO2  g 
b) NH3  Cl2  N2  NH4Cl
Ans. 8NH3g  3Cl2g  N2g  6NH4Cls
c) Na  H2O  NaOH  H2
Ans. 2Nas  2H2O   2NaOHaq  H2g

 APPLICATION OF CONCEPTS
1. Balance the following chemical equation after writing the symbolic
representation
a) Calcium hydroxide (s) + Nitric acid (aq)  water (1) + Calcium Nitrate (aq)
b) Magnesium (s) + lodine(s)  Magnesium lodide (s)
Ans. a) Calcium hydroxide (aq) + Nitric acid (aq) → water + Calcium nitrate (aq)
Writing the chemical equation using chemical formula of reactants and
products
Ca  OH2  HNO3  H2O  Ca NO3 2
Balanced equation is
Ca  OH2  2HNO3  2H2O  Ca NO3 2

b) Magnesium(s) + Iodine (g) → Magnesium Iodide(s)

Writing the chemical equation using chemical formula of reactants and
products
Mg(s) + I2(g)  MgI2(s)

2. Write the following chemical reactions including the physical states of the
substances and balance chemical equation.
a) Sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce sodium
chloride and water.

Ans. 1) sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid  sodium chloride + water

2) NaOH  aq  HCl    NaCl  s   H2O  

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b) Barium chloride reacts with liquid sodium sulphate to leave barium sulphate
as a precipitate and also form liquid sodium chloride.
Ans. 1) Barium chloride + sodium sulphate  Barium sulphate + Sodium chloride.
2) BaCl2aq  Na2SO4aq  BaSO4  s   2NaCl  aq

3. Potassium sulphate and ammonium Nitrate reacts separately with copper

sulphate solution. Write balanced chemical equations for the above reactions.
Ans. There is no reaction takes place between copper sulphate and potassium sulphate
K2SO4  CuSO4  No reaction.
Ammonium nitrate and copper sulphate undergo double displacement reaction to
form ammonium sulphate and copper nitrate
2NH4NO3  CuSO4  NH4 2 SO4  Cu NO3 2

 HIGHER ORDER THINKING QUESTION

1. 2 moles of Zinc reacts with a cupric chloride solution containing 6.023  1022
formula unit of CuCl2 calculate the moles of copper obtained
Zn  s  + CuCl2  aq   ZnCl2  aq  + Cu  s 
Ans. 6.023  1022 formula units of CuCl2 contains 0.1 moles
 Givenno.of formulaunits 
Mole  NA 
 
 6.023  10 22

   0.1 
 6.023  1023 
Zn  s   CuCl2  aq  ZnCl2  aq  Cu  s 
1 mole of Zn reacts with 1 mole of CuCl2 to deposit 1 mole of copper soild.
For 1mole Zn  1 mol CuCl2 is required
2 mole Zn  ?
2 1
  2 moles CuCl2 is required.
1
But the given no. of moles of CuCl2 are 0.1 moles.
So CuCl2 is present in less quantity than the required 2 CuCl2 decides the amount
of copper deposited. Here CuCl2 is the limiting reagent.
1 mol CuCl2  1 mol copper
0.1 mol  ?
= 0.1 moles of copper will be obtained

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2. 1 mole of propane ( C3H8 ) on combustion at STP gives ‘A’ kilo joules of heat
energy. Calculate the heat liberated when 2.4 ltrs of propane on combustion
at STP.
Ans. Propane on combustion gives carbon dioxide, water vapour and liberates heat
C3H8  5 O2  3CO2  4H2O  A kJ
1 mole propane on combustion gives „A‟ K.J/mole
2.4 liters of propane at STP contains 0.107 moles of propane
GivenvolumeinLat STP

22.4
= 0.107 mol
So 0.107 moles of propane releases 0.107A k.J/moles energy.

3. Calculate the mass and volume of oxygen required at STP to convert 2.4 kg of
graphite into carbon dioxide.
Ans. Cgraphite  O2g  CO2g
1 mole of graphite reacts with 1mole of oxygen to form 1 mole of CO2
a) 1 mole of graphite  1mole of oxygen at STP
12g of graphite  22.4lit at STP
2.4  103 g  ?
2.4  103  22.4

12
 44.8  102 lit
b) 12g of graphite  32g of oxygen
2.4  103 g  ?
2.4  103  32
 = 6400 grams of oxygen (or) 6.4kg of oxygen
12
4. CuO(s)  H2 (g)  Cu(s)  H2O(g) in the above equation answer the following
1) Reducing agent is
2) Oxidising agent is
3) Reagent undergoing oxidation is
4) Reagent undergoing reduction is

Ans: 1) Hydrogen
2) Copper oxide
3) Hydrogen
4) Copper oxide

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5. For the given reaction write the necessary chemical equation, observation
and testing of gas?

Ans:  Activity demonstrate an example for displacement reaction in which Zinc

displaces H from HCl
 Zn  2HCl  ZnCl2  H2 
 Colourless, odourless gas is evolved, we can see bubbles on zinc metal
 Burning splinter put off with “pop” sound is the confirmation for H2 gas release.

Multiple choice questions

1. What happens when dil. hydrochloric acid is added to iron filings? [ ]

Choose the correct answer.
(A) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.
(B) Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced.
(C) No reaction takes place.
(D) Iron salt and water are produced.

2. Which of the following can be decomposed by the action of light? [ ]

(A) NaCl (B) KCl (C) CuCl (D) AgCl

3. During balancing a chemical reaction which of the following law of chemical

combination is obeyed. [ ]
(A) law of conservation of mass (B) law of definite proportions
(C) law of multiple proportions (D) law of reciprocal proportions

4. During combustion reaction of hydrocarbons the products formed are [ ]

(A) CO2 and CO (B) CO2 and H2O (C) CO and H2O (D) CO2 and O2

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ANSWERS
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Define gram molar volume? What is its value at STP?

2. Balance the following equations including the physical states of substances.

i) Pb NO3 2  Fe2O3 +CO 
Fe +CO2
Δ
 PbO +NO 2 + O 2 ii)

3. Write the differences between exothermic and endothermic reactions.

4. Calculate the amount of oxygen required for the production of 112 g of magnesium
oxide by burning magnesium with oxygen.

5. Calculate the weight of lime (CaO) that can be prepared by heating 200 kg of
limestone (CaCO3).

6. A solution of substance „X‟ is used for white washing.

i) Name the substance „X‟ and write its formula.

7. Mention the precipitate formed during the following double displacement reactions
in aqueous medium.
i) Between lead nitrate and potassium iodide.
ii) Between sodium chloride and silver nitrate.
iii) Between sodium sulphate and barium chloride

8. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.

a) Zinc + Silver nitrate   Zinc nitrate + Silver.
b) Aluminium + Copper chloride   Aluminium chloride + Copper.
c) Hydrogen + Chlorine   Hydrogen chloride.
d) Ammonium nitrite   Nitrogen + water.

9. What do you mean by precipitation reaction?

10. Name the reactions taking place in the presence of sunlight.

11. Balance the following chemical equations including the physical states.
a) C6H12O6  C2H5OH  CO2
b) Fe  O2  Fe2O3
c) NH3  Cl2  N2H4  NH4Cl
d) Na  H2O  NaOH  H2

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12. In the given diagram

a) Write the balanced equation in the above process.

b) Which gas will be filled in the balloon when the chemical reaction takes place
between the reactants present in the conical flask?
c) What is the atomicity of the gas released?
d) When this gas is passed through a burning splinter give your observation.

***

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