Practical Research 1 – Senior High School

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First Edition, 2019
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Published by the Department of

Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis
Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M.
San Antonio

Development Team of the Module:

Author: Mitzie Marish L. Bocayong, Korina B. Alonsabe Nadizda

Pascual, Juvy T. Importante, MATSPED, MAGC, RGC,
Jay
L. Caballero, Rublyn P. Fabre, Susan T. Aparejo, PhD,
Chona M. Colonia, PhD, Karen A. Serrania

Editors: Jane Charity E. Madronero, Anthony P. Marollano, Chelou

M. Tizon

Reviewers: May P. Edullantes, EPS-LRMDS

Illustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan, S. Aparejo, R.

Fabre Layout & Design Evaluator: Allan H. Guibone

Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Mala Epra B. Magnaong
CES, CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot,Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator
Dr. Marie Emerald A. Cabigas
Regional EPS, LRMDS

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E-mail Address : region10@[Link]
Practical Research 1
Quarter 2 - Module 4:
Qualitative Research
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I need to know

Introduction

In the previous module, you have learned about the definition of research,
its purpose, its types, and its significance. You have also learned how to write a
rationale, research questions, scope and limitation, and significance of the study.

In this lesson, you will learn how to write literature review which is
significant in establishing the gaps and rationale in the research. By doing this,
you need time to understand the step- by - step procedure in writing literature
review. Read and reread the steps given and see the examples that will guide
you in this endeavor.

Reviewing the literature requires the ability to juggle multiple tasks, from
finding and evaluating relevant material to synthesizing information from various
sources, from critical thinking to paraphrasing, evaluating, and citation skills
(Budgen & Brereton, 2006).

Writing review of related literature does not only mean for literature only. It
also includes the related research studies conducted not only internationally but
also locally. It is in this area where knowledge, patience, and perseverance of
the skills of students to be developed are necessary to become holistic
individuals. In this module the skills to be developed include analysis, evaluative,
applicative, and creative skills including among others the ordering,
paraphrasing and summarizing skills.
There are some personal tips which will be given to you in this lesson which
are coming from the personal experience of the writers being research teachers
and research consultants. There are also some links, websites, books, and other
references being cited which will be of great help for you in writing your related
literature review. So, relax and enjoy in your journey of being a student-
researcher.
In this module, you will be able to do the following:
Learning Competencies
a. Select relevant literature.CS_RS11-III-f-j-1
b. Cite related literature using standard style (APA, MLA, or Chicago Manual of Style)
CS_RS11-III-f-j-2
c. Synthesize information from relevant literature CS_RS11-III-f-j-3
d. Write coherent review of literature CS_RS11-III-f-j-4
e. Follow ethical standards in writing related literature CS_RS11-IIIf-j-5
f. Present written review of literature CS_RS11-IIIf-j-6

How to learn from this module

1. Read the instructions in the module comprehensibly. Reread the
instructions if you feel you are confused and understand them fully.
2. Follow the directions as you read the materials.
3. Answer all the questions asked in this module. There are tips included in
this module on how to answer the questions. Furthermore, there are key
answers that are being included in this module. Just be honest by
following the procedure, process and techniques in writing review of
literature and studies.
4. In order to complete this module, you need to equip yourself with

1 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

 knowledge and skills for you to become holistic individuals. These skills
include analyzing, evaluating, applying, creating. You also need the skills
in ordering, paraphrasing and summarizing skills.
5. Take your time to study and learn. Happy learning!

2 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

 What I know

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a term used to refer to an analysis of man’s written or spoken knowledge to
examine its connection to your research.
A. Studies of Literature C. Traditional Review of Literature
B. Related of literature D. Review of related literature

2. If you are writing traditional Review of Related Literature (RRL), what type
of traditional RRL should you use if you focus on the new research updates?
A. Expert Review C. Conceptual Review
B. Scoping Review D. State-of-the-Art

3. It is a style of writing RRL in which you shorten the text, but the idea is still the same.
A. paraphrasing C. Citing
B. summarizing D. rewriting

4. In writing RRL, you have to follow the correct process. Provide the correct
process of writing RRL by arranging the given processes below.
a. Search for literature c. Writing the Review of Literature
b. Writing a Draft of RRL d. Reading the Source Materials
A. dcba B. abcd C. adbc D. adcb

5. What transitional device are you going to use to connect these two findings of
research: Aparejo (2019) found that 88% of Senior High School (SHS) teachers
of Gingoog City Comprehensive National High School (GCCNHS) felt comfortable
in using the school website in their form submission Calipusan ( 2018 )
study revealed 69% of Heavenly National High School teachers refused to use
the latest mode of form submission and preferred the traditional way.
A. Likewise C. Similarly
B. However D. Additionally

6. If you fail to cite the author in your related literature review, then you
are likely to be charged of
A. Copyright Act C. Property right
B. Plagiarism act D. Ownership Act

7. What basic method is used in this reference?

Carter C, Bishop J, & Kravits SL (2002). Keys to effective learning. ([Link].)
New Jersey: Printice Hall.
A. American Psychological Association (APA) B. Chicago Style
C. Modern Language Association (MLA) D. Chicago-Harvard Style

8. What basic method is used in this reference style?

Carter C, Bishop J, Kravits SL. Keys to effective learning. ([Link].) New Jersey:
Printice Hall, December 2002.
A. American Psychological Association (APA) B. Chicago Style
C. Modern Language Association (MLA) D. Chicago-Harvard Style

3 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

9. Your teacher has shown you an example of RRL following the protocol of
writing it by acknowledging the intellectual right of the authors as he provides
one – page list of references. What standard style in making citation he is
using?
A. Acknowledgment C. In – Text Citation
B. References D. Standardization

10. In searching for literature and studies online, most of the scholars and
researchers advise all researchers to avoid citing information from one of the
sources below. What source it is?
A. Encyclopedia C. Wikipedia
B. Books online D. Journals

11. One of the characteristics of related materials for RRL is that surveyed materials must be
.
A. Recent as possible C. less objective
B. Questionably clear D. over subjective

12. Why we cite authors in our study?

A. To avoid the author C. to avoid plagiarism
B. To avoid publisher D. to avoid ethical standard

13. What pattern of citation is used in the paragraph below?

Libertus, [Link] (2017) study indicated a significant language learning
motivation increase over time. Only the Watchers, however, showed
significantly higher motivation than the Readers in the end. Thus, “The use of
commercial digital video games can help enhance high school students'
language learning motivation”
A. Direct quotation C. summary
B. Long quotation D. to avoid ethical standard

14. Which of the following is the purpose of RRL?

A. Inform your reader.
B. Save your reader’s time.
C. Persuade your reader
D. Gather and evaluate all the related available sources

15. Whether you use MLA or APA style, your documentation should appear
A. Parenthetical citations give a shortened version of the full reference.
B. Both are needed for full and proper documentation.
C. Footnotes and endnotes are used for additional material only
D. Both documentation styles use parenthetical citations

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 Lesson Selecting and Synthesizing
1 Information from Relevant
Literature

What’s In

Directions: Complete the KWL Chart from what you have learned from the
previous lesson.

K- What I Know? W- What I need to know L- What I Learned

What’s New

Directions: Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What research topic that is concise do you wish to explore?

2. Give at least three ways on how to look for the

information about the topic you wish to explore.
a.

b.

c.

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 What is It

A literature review follows an essay format (Introduction, Body, Conclusion),

but if the literature itself is the topic of the essay, your essay will need to
consider the literature in terms of the key topics/themes you are examining.

Example plan

Introduction

Topic sentence that states the broad topic of your thesis Following
sentence/s that state what is included/excluded (parameters) Final
sentence/s that signals list of key topics that will be used to discuss the
selected sources
Body

Divide up your text into sections/topics as indicated in the last sentence

of your introduction. Each paragraph will be a synthesis of the many
texts that you have chosen for your literature review.
Conclusion
This is summary of all the related literature and studies. It may
composed of 5 to 10 sentences.

Guide in writing a literature review;

1. Choose a topic. Your literature review should be guided by a central research

question. Remember, it is not a collection of loosely related studies in a field
but instead represents background and research developments related to a
specific research question, interpreted and analyzed by you in a synthesized
way.

2. Decide on the scope of review. How many studies do you need to look at? How
comprehensive should it be? How many years should it cover?
3. Select the databases you will use to conduct your searches. Make a list of the
databases you will search.
4. Conduct your search and find the literature. Review the abstracts of research
studies carefully. This will save you time. Write down the searches you
conduct in each database so that you may duplicate them if you need to
later (or avoid dead-end searches that you'd forgotten you'd already tried).
Use the bibliographies and references of research studies you find to locate
others.

5. Review the literature. What was the research question of the study you are
reviewing? What were the authors trying to discover? Was the research
funded by a source that could influence the findings? What were the research
methodologies? Analyze its literature review, the samples and variables used,
the results, and the conclusions. Does the research seem to be complete?
Could it have been conducted more soundly? What further questions does it
raise? If there are conflicting studies, why do you think that is? How are the
authors viewed in the field? Has this study been cited? if so, how has it been
analyzed?

Source: [Link]/[Link]?g=215199&p=1420520

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the phrase below:

A Review of the Related Literature provides

What I Can Do

Directions: Fill in the graphic organizer by synthesizing your idea on

writing the Review of Related Literature.

Review
of
Related
Literatur
e

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 CITING RELATED LITERATURE
Lesson USING STANDARD STYLES
(American Psychological
2 Association (APA), Modern
Language Association (MLA) OR
CHICAGO MANUAL STYLE)

What’s In

Directions: Read the following selection and organize your literature review. Fill
up the Authors/ Result and Implication provided below.
According to Fabre (2015), increasing the performance level among the
students is common goal as teacher. With this, Interactive Science Notebook
(ISN) is an intervention used to increase students’ performance and interest in
learning Science. This study focused on the Grade 9 Frugality students who
failed in science subject based on their performance task. A pretest and posttest
were conducted to find out the relationship of students learning in science with
the help of the Interactive Science Notebook (ISN) as an intervention. Results
revealed that the performance task of the students’ increases as well as their
final grades. This is because students learn more if they participate directly in
the class performance and gain deeper learning. When the students are
motivated to participate more, there is a great possibility that the written works
and quarterly assessment in the grading system will increase significantly.

Author/s

Result

Implication

8 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

 What’s New

Directions: Read following sentence or line, and be able to cite them accordingly:

1. To be paraphrased:
A. The problem was hazardous for the townsfolk
(Fabre, 2021) Answer:

B. Although the operation was somewhat dangerous, the team was

triumphant (Alonsabe and Fabre 2020)
Answer:

What is It

A citation is a formal reference to a published or unpublished source that

you consulted and obtained information from while writing your research paper.
The way in which you document your sources depends on the writing style
manual your professor wants you to use for the class [e.g., (American
Psychological Association (APA), Modern Laguage Association (MLA), Chicago,
Turabian, etc.]. The act of citing sources is also your best defense against
allegations of plagiarism (Baraceros, 2016).

According to this author, the following are the purpose of citation.

1. To give importance and respect to other people for what they know about the field
2. To give authority, validity and credibility to other people’s claim, conclusions and
3. arguments
4. To prove your broad and extensive reading of authentic and relevant
materials about your topic
5. To help readers find contact the sources of ideas easily
6. To permit readers to check the accuracy of your work and
7. To save yourself from plagiarism

Ballenger in 2012 also added more important reasons why citation is

important. The following reasons are:
1. Citing other people's words and ideas indicates that you have conducted a
thorough review of the literature on your topic and therefore, you are
reporting your research form an informed and critically engaged
perspective. This increases your credibility as the author of the work.

2. Other researcher's ideas can be used to reinforce your arguments. In many

cases, another researchers’ argument can act as the primary context from
which you can emphasize the significance of your study and to provide
supporting evidence about how you addressed the “So What?” question.

9 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

 3. The ideas of other researchers can be used to explain reasons for alternative
approaches. If you disagree with researcher’s ideas or you believe there is
a gap in understanding the research problem, your citations can serve as
sources from which to argue an alternative viewpoint or the need to pursue
a different course of actions.

4. Just as the ideas of other researchers can bolster your arguments, they can
also detract from your credibility if their research is challenged. Properly citing
sources prevents your reputation from being tarnished if the facts or ideas
of those cited are proven to be inaccurate or off-base. It prevents readers
from concluding that you ignored or dismissed the findings of others, even
if they are disputed.

5. Ideas are considered intellectual property and there can be serious

repercussions if you fail to cite where you got an idea from. In the professional
world, failure to cite other people’s intellectual property ruins careers and
reputations and can result in legal action. Citing sources during college will
help get you in the habit of acknowledging and properly citing the work of
others.

NOTE: In any academic writing, you are required to identify for your reader which
ideas, facts, theories, concepts, etc., are yours and which are derived from the
research and thoughts of others. Whether you summarize, paraphrase, or
use direct quotes, if it's not your original idea, the source must be
acknowledged. The only possible exception to this rule is information that is
considered to be a commonly known fact [e.g., President Duterte is the
president of the Philippines]. Appreciate, however, that any "commonly
known fact" is culturally constructed and shaped by social and aesthetical
biases. If you are in doubt about whether a fact is common knowledge or
not, protect yourself from an allegation of plagiarism and provide a
supporting citation, or ask your teacher for clarification.

Styles in Related Literature Citations or References

In reviewing related literature, you come to read varieties of reading

materials containing knowledge related to your research. It is a fact that these
ideas, including the language or structures to express these ideas belong to
other people. They are not yours. Copying the ideas of other authors and citing
them in your research is the good practice of being a researcher. Doing this
practice signals not just honesty and courtesy to learn people whose ideas lend
information to your paper, but also indicates your appreciation for their
contribution to the field (Harmmersely,2013).

The following are the three terms used to express your appreciation for
recognition of people’s ownership of borrowed ideas (Sharp 2012) as cited by
Baraceros (2016).

1. Acknowledgment – the beginning portion of the work that identifies

individuals who have contributed something to produce the paper

2. References or Bibliography – a complete list of all reading materials

including books, journals, periodical, etc. from where the borrowed
ideas came from.

3. Citation or In-Text- Citation- references within the main body

of the text, especially in Review of Related Literature.
1 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4
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 The third one, citation is the focus of this lesson. Citation is also called in-text citation.
It has many purposes and style which are as follows:

Patterns of Citation
Citing authors, websites and other research materials have its own styles or
patterns. Read the styles/ patterns of citation below and understand how they
are distinct from each other. This is needed in order for you to know what styles/
patterns of citation are used by the researchers in writing their research and in
order for you to decide what styles /patterns you will adopt/ use in your review of
related literature.

1. Summary. The citation in this case is shortened version of the original

text that is expressed in your own language. Making the text short, you
have to pick out only the most important ideas or aspect of the text.

2. Paraphrase. This is the antithesis of the first one because, here, instead
of shortening the form of the text, you explain what the text means to
you using your own words. In doing so, it is possible that your
explanations may decrease or exceed the number of words of the
original text (Baraceros, 2016).

Strategies in Paraphrasing:
a. Read the original text or abstract. Understand it as a whole, then, set aside.
b. Using your own memory, write down the main points or concepts.
c. In your own words, summarize the text/ abstract that helps make
your point (University of Texas, 2016)

3. Short Direct quotation. Only a part of the author’s sentence, the whole
sentence, or several sentences, not exceeding 40 words, is what you
can quote or repeat in writing through this citation pattern. Since this
makes you copy the exact words of the writer, it is necessary that you
give the number of the page where the readers can find the copied
words.

4. Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation or Extract. Named in many

ways, this citation pattern mane you copy the author’s exact words
numbering from 40 to 100 words. Under APAA, the limit is eight (8)
lines. Placed at the center of the page with no indentation, the copied
lines look like they compose a
stanza of a poem.

Enrichment Activity

Read the following journal, abstract, and research articles. Synthesize the
information, fill in the table and cites related literature using standard style APA,
MLA or Chicago Manual of Style.

Abstract Citation being used (select APA, MLA or Chicago)

Abstract 1
Abstract 2

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Abstract 1
INTERVENTION PROGRAMS FOR CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW
(CICL): GEARING TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
By: Rublyn P. Fabre, Hacelyn B. Barrero, Genne C. Amay, Sampaguita G.
Mansueto, Noren B. Dayta, & Dr. Sonnie A. Vedra (2016)
Children suffered social maladjustments in various aspects of the
community affairs. Hence, a Local Social Welfare and Development Officer
(LSWDO) is tasked to assist children in conflict with law (CICL) and children at
risk (CAR). This is geared to develop community-based programs and services
to provide intervention of the children in conflict with the law and for
reintegration into their family and community. Intervention was classified into
three categories such as; primary intervention, secondary intervention, and
tertiary intervention. Child care development and building relationships with
families are given strong emphasis. Partnership and collaboration with the
coordinating agencies is vital to ensure effective and efficient delivery of
technical assistance to the Local Government Units and other stakeholders. It is
therefore essential that the program design should have strategies that are
relevantFabre,
Source: and responsive to the diverse
et al. “Intervention needs
programs of CICL and
for Children CAR populations
in Conflict with the in
Law (CICL): Gearing towards Sustainable Development”.
Abstract 2.
GENDER AND DROPOUT RATES OF PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS IN ILIGAN CITY,
PHILIPPINES
By: Rublyn P. Fabre, Sampaguita G. Mansueto, Noren B. Dayta, Diesebil L.
Obina and
Sonnie A. Vedra 2020
Education is essential for everybody to become a transformed individual
with wisdom, bravery and determination. This aimed to make a difference and
positively contribute to social, economic and environmental transformation of
the society. Dropout of male and female students has been a problem for many
reasons in Philippine schools, particularly in Iligan City. As such, this study was
conducted to determine the dropout rates of male and female and the factors
affecting on it based on the past three years. Results revealed that male
dropout rate was relatively higher than females at an average of 11.29% over
9.41% for the three consecutive school years. Top three highest factors among
males include family problems (21.2%), lack of interest/distraction (16.1%),
and peer influence or pressure (15.1%). In females, it includes family problems
(21.9%), transfer of residence (16.9%), and illness (13.5%). In both gender,
family problems surpassed seemed to be the prime factor behind student
Source: Fabre, et al. “Gender and dropout rates of public high schools in
Iligan City, Philippines”

APA style Local initiatives on water quality control, usage, and

management are essential as legal framework to lessen the
environmental impact and poor
human health (Walag, Canencia, & Fiedler, 2018).
MLA style Local initiatives on water quality control, usage, and management
are essential as legal framework to lessen the environmental
impact and poor
human health (Walag, Canencia, and Fiedler, 2018).
Chicago Local initiatives on water quality control, usage, and management
1 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4
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style are
essential as legal framework to lessen the environmental impact
and poor human health (Walag, Canencia, and Fiedler 2018).

1 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

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 What I Have Learned

Cite the literature review into APA, MLA, and Chicago Manual of Style

Majority of the students had late realization of their prepared strand as to where
they wanted to belong in preparation of their career for work, business, and
college after graduating senior high school (Diane Escabal and Anita Baco, 2016)

MLA:

APA

Chicago Manual

What I Can Do

Directions: Identify whether the citation uses APA, MLA or Chicago Manual of Style.

1. Majority of the students had late realization of their prepared strand

as to where they wanted to belong in preparation of their career for
work, business, and college after graduating high school (Escabal and
Baco 2016).

2. Peers and friends greatly influenced Grade 10 students in choosing

career strand in senior high school (Rodrigues, Actub, & Elumba,
2016).

3. Those grade 10 students whose academic performance belongs to

developing and approaching proficiency usually enrolled in Technical-
Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) (Sanchez, Actub, and Bagares, 2019)

. 4. As early as Junior High School stage students must be given an early

career enlightenment, so they have a long way of thinking and
preparing the best strand for them (Escabal, Vedra, & Alavanza,
2018)

1 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

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5. Only 10 % of Parents influenced grade 10 students in choosing
their career strand in Senior High School (Amay, Banate, and Wabe,
2018)

1 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

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 Lesson
SOURCES OF RELATED
3 LITERATURE AND STUDIES

What’s In

Do you remember your previous lesson? Let us try to recall them.

Previously, you have learned that there are three (3) most common citation
styles. These citation styles are; the Modern Language Association otherwise
known as MLA Style, the American Psychological Association or APA and the
Chicago/Turabian style. The said citation styles are very important in writing a
manuscript in the review of related literature and studies.

What’s New

Before we are going to discuss our lesson, let us have this practice exercise.
Directions: Categorize the sources of related literature into Primary Source or
Secondary Source by writing them on specific book page below. The following
sources are:
speeches textbooks
letters magazines
diaries autobiographies
biographies interviews
official reports court records
artifacts photographs
drawings encyclopedia
circular almanacs
bulletins school records
journals dictionaries

Primary Sources Secondary Sources

_ 1.

2. _ 2.

3. _ 3.

4. _ 4.

5. _ 5.

6. _ 6.
According to Calderon & Gonzales (2015) in their book

13 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

of Research and Thesis Writing, the sources of related literature
and studies may include the following:

1. Books, encyclopedias, almanacs, and other similar references.

2. Articles published inprofessional journals, magazines, periodicals,
newspapers, and other
publications.
3. Manuscripts, monographs, memoirs, speeches, letters and diaries.
4. Unpublished theses and dissertations.
5. The constitution, and laws and statures of the land.
6. Bulletins, circulars, and orders emanating from government offices and
departments, especially from the office of the Presidents of the
Philippines and the Department of Education (DepEd).
7. Records of schools, public and private, especially reports of their activities.
8. Reports from seminars, educational or otherwise.
9. Official reports of all kinds, educational, social, economic, scientific,
technological, political, etc. from the government and other entities.

The said sources can be categorized as:

1. Primary Sources: artifacts, autobiographies, court records, diaries,

Emails, speeches, letters interviews, letters, official reports, drawings,
maps, photographs, speeches,

2. Secondary Sources: biographies, critical studies of an author's work,

dictionaries, journal articles, handbooks, magazines, newspapers,
reports, textbooks,

Related studies, on the other hand, are studies, inquiries, or investigations

already conducted to which the present proposed study is related or has some
bearing or similarity. They are usually unpublished materials such as
manuscripts, theses and dissertations (Calderon& Gonzales, 2015).

They may be classified as:

1. Local, if the inquiry was conducted in the Philippines and

2. Foreign / International, if they are conducted in foreign lands.

Locating the Sources of Related Literature and Studies

Generally, the sources of related literature and studies according to

Calderon & Gonzales (2015) can be accessed from the following:

1. Libraries, either government or schools (private or public)

2. Government and private offices
3. The National Library and
4. Online websites (Aparejo, 2018)

Since students like you are mostly technologically savvy and exposed to
computers and the internet websites, you can utilize online websites for your
related review of literature and studies. Feel the value of the internet, search
engines and websites in writing Chapter 2 of your research – Review of Related
Literature.

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Here’s how you are going to do it. Just follow these simple steps.

1. In your desktop, laptop, or high-tech cellphone, click open the Google

Chrome. A window will pop up like the one shown below.

2. Type on this space the title of your study or the key words of your
research title. For example, type here “Sample study on the Effect of Video
Games on Academic Performance of Senior High School Students”. After
encoding the title, click enter. What will pop up from the window are the
website links to choose from. This will be how the window will look like.

15 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

3. Be sure to click the websites that are scientifically and scholarly reliable.
Blogs and Wikipedia are not considered the best sources for research
studies because in most cases, they contain mere opinions only.

4. Choose the website that reflects author’s name and year of publication
(found below the website). When you are going to write related literature
and studies, you need to cite the authors, year, and the link. This is what
you have to open or click.

Name of author and the year it was published.

5. Upon clicking, you will be brought to another window where you can
personally access the website and the research study itself. This is the
time where you can take note information from the study and cite the
author/s. Here it is:

16 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

 You can also browse through search engines such as Yahoo! search. In the
box of [Link], follow the same procedure stated in searching studies shown
in steps 1 to 5. Type the title of your study or key words and click enter.

You can also log on to Google Scholar. This is one of the most reliable
sources of research studies, journals, books and other materials needed in
writing related literature and studies. Most of the researchers do their literature
search in this website because of its unique features. You can access to different
abstracts and full research in PDF too which means you can also down load the
research or abstract since there are icons which will notify us that it can be
downloaded for free. You can even choose the authors (local or international)
and trim your searches to the latest studies, journals and books. So, enjoy your
research and choose the latest sources which are needed in your study.

Follow these simple steps in finding research abstracts or studies using

google scholar.

1. Log in to google chrome. Then in its search engine of google chrome, type
google scholar. Then, a window will pop up showing the website of google
scholar. Click the google scholar

17 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

2. What appears after clicking the google scholar is another window for
google scholar search engine. Here you can encode the title of your
research or the keyword.

3. Encode the title of your study or the key words of your study here.
Example if you encode “Lived Experiences of Teenage Mothers” Then,
here’s the abstracts or studies in relation to your title study. Just click the
study or abstract you want.

18 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

 What Is It

Let us have Activity 2 to find out how much you have learned from Lesson 1.

Directions: Work with a partner. Use the search engines in searching information
of either one of these research titles below. Choose only the websites with
the authors’ names and year of publication. Be sure that the sources are
within the five (5) years recency period (e.g., i

19 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

20 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4
 Images Cited:

Aparejo, S. (2018) Photo collection

Calipusan, J. M. (2018) Photo
collection Fabre, R. (2018) Practical
Research Icons Signs and Symbols by
[Link] Creative commons book
image

Answer Key
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website and the research study

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school

What I Can Do

21 CO_Q2_SHS Practical Research 1_Module 4

 What’s New

5.
6. through contrasting school of so
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What I Can Do

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Whatva ry
I Have Learned

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parts No Is there a body? .6
house. Enumerate its three . Is thereYes
an introduction? .5
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5
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4 Whatva ry
I Have Learned
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