LIGHT

Re ection of Light:
 REFLECTION OF LIGHT AkhtarMahmood (0333-4281759)

1. A student holds a sheet of paper with 5. An eye views an object O by reflection in

letters on it facing a plane mirror. a plane mirror. Which is the correct ray
The letters on the paper are shown. diagram?

What does the student see in the mirror?

{Q. 22/ P1/June 2010}

2. Which characteristics describe an image {Q. 23/ P1/Nov. 2008}

formed by a plane mirror?
A real and inverted 6. Three students stand 2 m apart in front of
B virtual and upright a plane mirror which is 3 m long.
C real and larger than the object
D virtual and smaller than the object
{Q. 20/ P1/June 2009}

3.
The diagram shows a ray of light from one
point on a lamp striking a plane mirror.

Student Y is standing opposite the mid-

point of the mirror. How many students
can see the images of the other two?
A0 B1 C2 D3
The image of the point on the lamp {Q. 21/ P1/Nov. 2006}
formed by the mirror is 7.
A at P and is real. The diagram shows a patient having her
B at P and is virtual. eyes tested. A chart with letters on it is
C at R and is real. placed behind her and she sees the chart
D at R and is virtual. reflected in a plane mirror.
{Q. 20/ P1/Nov. 2009}

4.
The diagram shows a ray of light reflected
from a plane mirror.

How far away from the patient is the image

of the chart?
A2m B4m C5m D7m
8. {Q. 21/ P1/June 2005}

What is the angle of reflection? A ray of light strikes a plane mirror at an

A30° B 60° C 90° angle of incidence of 20°. The angle of
D 120° incidence is then increased by 5°.
{Q. 20/ P1/Nov. 2007} What is the new angle between the
incident ray and the reflected ray?
A 10° B 25° C 45° D 50°
{Q.24/P11/June 2019}
9. The diagram shows a child using a 10 The diagram shows two divergent rays of
periscope to look at an object on the other light from an object O being reflected from
side of a wall. a plane mirror.
At which position is the image formed?

Which diagram shows a correctly drawn

ray of light from the object?

{Q. 27/P12/June 2018}

11 Which device uses total internal reflection?

A magnifying glass
B optical fibre
C photographic enlarger
D projector
{Q. 29/P12/June 2018}

12 Which statement is correct?

A Total internal reflection only occurs
when light travels from air into glass.
B The larger the refractive index of glass,
the larger is the critical angle.
C When total internal reflection occurs, the
angle of incidence is equal to the angle
of reflection.
D When total internal reflection occurs, the
angle of incidence is less than the
critical angle.
{Q. 23/P11/June 2018}
13 An object O is placed in front of a plane
mirror I is the image formed.

A ray from the top of the object is incident

on the mirror at X.
What happens to this ray?
A It reflects and passes through the
bottom of O.
B It reflects and passes through the top of
O.
C It reflects as though it came from the
bottom of I.
D It reflects as though it came from the top
of I
{Q.24/P12/Nov. 2019}.
Refraction of light
 AkhtarMahmood (0333-4281759)

REFRACTION OF LIGHT SALT Academy

1. A semi-circular block is made from a plastic. A 6. A ray of light enters a glass block at an angle of
ray of light passes through it at the angles incidence i producing an angle of refraction r in
shown. the glass.

Several different values of i and r are measured, and

a graph is drawn of sin i against sin r.
Which graph is correct?

To two decimal places, what is the refractive

index of the plastic?
A 1.25 B 1.41 C 1.51 D 1.61

2. A ray of light strikes the surface of a glass block

at an angle of incidence of 45°.
The refractive index of the glass is 1.5.
What is the angle of refraction inside the block?
A 28° B 30° C 45° D 67°

3. The diagram shows four rays of light from a

lamp below the surface of some water.
What is the critical angle for light in water?

7. The diagram shows a ray of light incident on the

edge of a piece of glass. The angle i is bigger than
the critical angle.
Which arrow correctly shows the direction of the
4. The diagram shows the passage of a ray of light ray after it leaves the edge of the glass?
through a triangular glass block.
What is the critical angle of light in glass?

8. What is the angle of refraction for this ray of light

A man sees a stone at the bottom of a pool of moving from glass to air?
5.
water.Which path could be taken by light from
the stone to the man?
LENSES:
 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)
LENSES SALT Academy, Garden Town, Lahore

1. The ray diagram shows two rays from a point on 6. An object 5.0 cm high is placed 2.0 cm from a
an object placed in front of a diverging (concave) converging (convex) lens which is being used as a
lens. magnifying glass.The image produced is 6.0 cm
from the lens and is 15 cm high.

What are the properties of the image produced? What is the focal length of the lens?
A real and larger than the object A 2.0 cm B 3.0 cm C 4.0 cm D 6.0 cm
B real and smaller than the object
C virtual and larger than the object 7. A thin converging lens is used to produce, on a
D virtual and smaller than the object screen, a focused image of a candle.

Convex lenses are used in cameras and as

2. magnifying glasses.
Which types of image are formed?
type of image in type of image in
camera magnifying glass
A Real Real
B Real Virtual
C Virtual Real
D virtual virtual Various focused images are produced on the screen
by moving the lens and the screenbackwards and
3. An object is viewed through a concave forwards.Which statement is always correct?
(diverging) lens. A The image is at the principal focus (focal point) of
What is the correct description of the image the lens.
formed? B The image is bigger than the object.
A real, inverted, magnified C The image is closer to the lens than the object is.
B real, upright, diminished D The image is inverted.
C virtual, inverted, magnified
D virtual, upright, diminished The diagram shows the path of a ray of light passing
8.
through a principal focus F of a lens.
An object is placed in front of a diverging lens as Which broken line shows the direction of the ray
4. shown on the scale diagram. after it leaves the lens?
The principal focus F is marked on each side of
the lens.
What is the position of the image formed by the
lens?

5. An object is placed 20 cm from a converging

lens of focal length 40 cm. ANSWER GRID
Which describes the nature of the image formed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
by the lens?
A real, inverted, diminished
B real, upright, magnified
C virtual, inverted, diminished
D virtual, upright, magnified
 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)
M.Sc.(Physics), MCS, MBA-IT, B.Ed.
HUMAN EYE MIS, DCE, D AS/400e(IBM), OCP(PITB)
[email protected]

Q. A normal eye can focus light from a near object and from a far object. In this question you may ignore
refraction of light at the cornea, as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1
(a) Fig. 1 shows rays of light from a near object hitting the lens of a normal eye.
(i) Complete Fig.1 to show how the lens of the eye focuses the rays of light.
(ii) Describe the image formed on the back of the eye. Tick the correct boxes.

real larger than object upside down

virtual smaller than object right way up [3]

(b) A short-sighted person can see near objects clearly but not far objects.
Fig. 2 shows how the lens of an eye with this defect would focus rays from a far object.

Fig. 2

(i) State what type of lens is used to correct this defect.

………………………...................................................................................................................................
(ii) On Fig. 3, show how this type of lens is used to focus rays from the far object. [3]

Fig. 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------
1. What is true for real images formed by a converging lens?
A They are inverted. B They are on the same side of the lens as the object.
C They can never be shown on a screen. D They cannot be seen by the human eye.

2. The human eye has a converging lens system that produces an image at the back of the eye.
If the eye views a distant object, which type of image is produced?
A real, erect, same size B real, inverted, diminished
C virtual, erect, diminished D virtual, inverted, magnified
 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)
M.Sc.(Physics), MCS, MBA-IT, B.Ed.
OPTICS MIS, DCE, D AS/400e(IBM), OCP(PITB)
[email protected]

1. A boy stands beside a girl in front of a large plane mirror.

They are both the same distance from the mirror, as shown.
Where does the boy see the girl’s image?

An image is formed in a plane mirror.

2.

6. A swimming pool is lit by a lamp in the bottom of the pool.

The directions of three rays from the lamp are shown.
Which of the marked angles is the critical angle for the
light?

Which statement must be correct?

angles distances
A W=y d0 = d1
B W=z d0 is greater than d1
C X=y d0 = d1
D X=z d0 is greater than d1

3. What causes refraction when light travels from air into

glass?
A The amplitude of the light waves changes.
B The colour of the light changes.
7. In which of the diagrams is the path of the light ray not
C The frequency of the light waves changes.
correct?
D The speed of the light changes.

A ray of light is incident on one side of a rectangular glass

4. block.
Its path is plotted through the block and out through another
side.
Which path is not possible?

8. The diagram shows a patient having her eyes tested. A chart

with letters on it is placed behind her and she sees the chart
A ray of light enters a glass block at an angle of incidence i reflected in a plane mirror.
5.
producing an angle of refraction r in the glass.

Several different values of i and r are measured, and a graph How far away from the patient does the chart seem to be?
is drawn of sin I against sin r. Which graph is correct?
A 2m B 4m C 5m D 7m
 Akhtar Mahmood (0333-4281759)
M.Sc.(Physics), MCS, MBA-IT, B.Ed.
MIS, DCE, D AS/400e(IBM), OCP(PITB)
[email protected]

9. What happens to light as it passes from glass into air? 14. The focal length of a thin converging lens is 10 cm.
A Its frequency decreases because its speed decreases. What is the maximum distance from the lens that the object
B Its frequency increases because its speed increases. can be placed so that the lens acts as a magnifying glass?
C Its wavelength decreases because its speed decreases. A 5cm B 10 cm C 15 cm D 20 cm
D Its wavelength increases because its speed increases.
Red light travelling in glass strikes a glass-air boundary.
A ray of light is incident on one side of a rectangular glass 15. Some light is reflected and some is refracted.
10. block, so that the angle of refraction is 40° in the glass. Which diagram correctly shows the reflection and
Which diagram correctly shows a possible path of this ray? refraction?
[The critical angle for glass is 42°].

11. A ray of light passes through a rectangular glass block. It is

refracted and totally internally
reflected.
Which diagram shows a possible path of this ray?

In the diagram, XY is a converging (convex) lens. Points

16. labelled F are one focal length from the lens and points
labelled 2F are two focal lengths from the lens.
If an object is placed at O, at which point is the image of its
base formed?

12. A 1.5 m high girl stands 2.0m in front of a plane mirror as

shown.

17. For a certain parallel-sided glass block, the value of sin i /

sin r is 1.50.
A ray of light passes through the block and emerges at an
angle of 60° to the surface of the block.

What is the height and how far from the girl is her image? air
height distance
A 1.5 m 2.0 m
B 0.75 m 3.0 m
C 0.75 m 3.5 m
D 1.5 m 4.0 m
glass x
The diagram shows a converging lens producing an upright,
13. virtual image.

60°
air

Which optical instrument uses this arrangement?

A a camera B a magnifying glass
C a photographic enlarge D a projector What is the value of the angle marked X?
A 19.5° B 35° C 40° D 48.5°
18. Which diagram correctly shows rays passing through a 23. Three rays of light are incident on the boundary
camera lens? between a glass block and air.
The angles of incidence are different.

What is a possible critical angle for light in the glass?

A 15° B 30° C 45° D 60°

24. What is true for real images formed by a converging lens?

A They are inverted.
B They are on the same side of the lens as the object.
C They can never be shown on a screen.
D They cannot be seen by the human eye.
25. A ray of red light enters a semi-circular glass block normal
to the curved surface.
Which of the following correctly shows the partial
reflection and refraction of the ray?

19. The table shows measurements taken during an experiment

in which a ray of light is shone at a one of the side of a
rectangular block of glass.
angle of incidence, i 26.0° 39.0°
angle of incidence, r 15.5° 22.5°
26. Which statement is correct about the speed of
sin i 0.438 0.629 electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?
sin r 0.267 0.383 A Ultra-violet waves have the greatest speed.
What is the refractive index of the glass? B Visible light waves have the greatest speed.
A 1.50 B 1.64 C 1.68 D 1.73 C Infra-red waves have the greatest speed.
D All electromagnetic waves have the same speed.
20. Which type of image is produced by a converging lens on a
screen? The human eye contains a converging lens system which
A inverted and real B inverted and virtual 27. produces an image at the back of the eye.
C upright and real D upright and virtual If the eye views a distant object, what type of image is
produced?
Which of the following is a property of all electromagnetic A real, erect, diminished
21.
waves? B real, inverted, diminished
A They are deflected by magnets. C virtual, erect, diminished
B They are positively charged. D virtual, inverted, diminished
C They travel at the same speed of sound .
D They travel through vacuum. A radio transmitter uses an aerial whose length is a quarter
28. of a wavelength. If electromagnetic waves travel at a speed
22. Which statement about a converging lens is not orrect? of 3.0 x 108 m / s and the frequency of the signal is 200
A A ray parallel to the principal axis of the lens is MHz, what is the length o f the aerial?
refracted through the principal focus. A 0.17 m B 0.38 m C 0.67 m D 1.5 m
B All rays of light refracted by the lens pass through
the principal focus. 29. The characteristics of an image of a plane mirror are:
C The distance between the centre of the lens and the A laterally inverted, smaller and real.
principal focus is the focal length. B laterally inverted, bigger and virtual.
D The principal focus of the lens is a point on the C vertically inverted, same size and virtual.
D laterally inverted, same size and virtual
principal axis.
30. Three rays of light fall on a converging lens as shown. 33. The diagram shows the dispersion of white
light by a glass prism.

Which diagram shows the path of the rays after passing Why does dispersion occur when white light
through the lens? enters the glass?
A The frequency of red light decreases more
than that of violet light.
B The frequency of violet light decreases
more than that of red light.
C The speed of red light decreases more
than that of violet light.
D The speed of violet light decreases more
than that of red light.
{Q. 21/ P1/June 2011-0625 code}

Which diagram shows what happens when a

34 ray of white light passes through a prism?

31. The diagram shows a thin converging lens of focal

length f.
Where must an object be placed to produce a real
image in the position shown?

{Q. 21/0625/11/M/J/09}

When white light is dispersed by a prism,

compared with blue light, the red light is
A slowed down less and refracted less.
B slowed down less and refracted more.
C slowed down more and refracted less.
D slowed down more and refracted more.
{Q. 22/ P1/June 2009}

32 Which colour, red or blue, has the higher

frequency and which has the longer
wavelength?
higher longer
frequency wavelength
Blue Blue
Blue Red
red Blue
red red
{Q. 25/ P1/June 2008}