MathsNet A-Level: Print Exam Paper 13/10/2014 04:46

To print higher-resolution math symbols, click the

Hi-Res Fonts for Printing button on the jsMath control panel.

ELITE Tuition
Your account expires on: 26 Sep, 2015

Proof

Syllabus: EdExcel Questions: 12 Time: 1 hour 48 minutes Total Marks: 90

This paper contains a set of questions followed by the corresponding mark schemes. The time you should spend on
each question together with its worth in marks is also given. The content of this paper is based on material from a wide
selection of national and international examination boards and organisations.

You are advised to have:

a set of geometrical equipment, pen, HB pencil, eraser. Check if you are allowed a calculator. Some examinations, but
not all, allow calculators, including graphical models.

NOTES: The following browsers have been tested with this facility: Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer and Google Chrome.

Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) was tested on versions 7 to 10 - IE6 is no longer officially supported by www.mathsnetalevel.com. See the
website for the small font problem with IE7 upwards, and IE8 was tested in IE7 compatibility mode.

The latest versions of Google Chrome have a customised print preview which allows you to easily adjust the margins and whether or not
headings are printed. Best results are when the background printing of images and colours is enabled (not available in Chrome).

http://www.mathsnetalevel.com/examprint.php?q=591,767,5102,5…t=Proof&tm=108&mk=90&psz=42&qonly=0&jnk=0.04672840377315879 Page 1 of 11
MathsNet A-Level: Print Exam Paper 13/10/2014 04:46

There are known printing format issues with the Opera web browser and we do not recommend using this browser.

Many of the questions use the jsMath applet. This requires special fonts to be installed for successful printing. These fonts can be downloaded
from: http://www.math.union.edu/~dpvc/jsMath/. Use the Download the TeX fonts option. Full instructions for their use can be found at:
http://pubpages.unh.edu/~jsh3/jsMath/

www.mathsnetalevel.com is available on annual subscription, where you will find 8044 pages of content, including 2910 interative questions
that can be printed and 958 on-line assessments. Visit www.chartwellyorke.com to find out further details about subscribing.

http://www.mathsnetalevel.com/examprint.php?q=591,767,5102,5…t=Proof&tm=108&mk=90&psz=42&qonly=0&jnk=0.04672840377315879 Page 2 of 11
MathsNet A-Level: Print Exam Paper 13/10/2014 04:46

©2014 MathsNet A-Level. Licensed to ELITE Tuition. Page: 2

Proof
Questions: 12 Time: 1 hour 48 minutes Total Marks: 90

Q1 - ID: 5870 [7 marks, 8 minutes]

It is given that un = 15n + 7n−1

(a) Show that un + un+1 = 16 15n + 8 7n−1
(b) Prove by induction that un is a multiple of 8.

Q2 - ID: 5858 [7 marks, 8 minutes]

Prove by induction that 18 + 54 + 162 + +6 3n = 9(3n − 1)

Q3 - ID: 5727 [14 marks, 17 minutes]

Prove by induction that, for n Z +

(a) f(n) = 6n + 5n + 19 is divisible by 5.
n
3 −2 2n + 1 −2n
(b) = .
2 −1 2n 1 − 2n

Q4 - ID: 5686 [5 marks, 6 minutes]

Prove by induction that for all integers n 1

n
1 n
=
r=1
r(r + 1) n + 1

http://www.mathsnetalevel.com/examprint.php?q=591,767,5102,5…t=Proof&tm=108&mk=90&psz=42&qonly=0&jnk=0.04672840377315879 Page 3 of 11
MathsNet A-Level: Print Exam Paper 13/10/2014 04:46

©2014 MathsNet A-Level. Licensed to ELITE Tuition. Page: 3

Q5 - ID: 5034 [5 marks, 6 minutes]

A series of positive integers u1 u2 u3 is defined by

u1 = 5 and un+1 = 5un − 4, for n 1
Prove by induction that un = 4 5n−1 + 1, for n 1.

Q6 - ID: 5990 [10 marks, 12 minutes]

(a) Find the sum of the infinite geometric sequence 128, -32 , 8, -2, ... .
(b) Use mathematical induction to prove that for n Z +,
a(1 − rn)
a + ar + ar2 + + arn−1 =
1−r

Q7 - ID: 5978 [9 marks, 11 minutes]

The function f is defined by f(x) = xe5x.

Prove by induction that f (n)(x) = (5nx + n5n−1)e5x for all n Z +,
where f (n)(x) represents the nth derivative of f(x).

Q8 - ID: 5961 [8 marks, 10 minutes]

A sequence is defined by a1 = 9 and ak+1 = 9ak − 4.

(a) Calculate the value of the third term a3.
(17 9n−1) + 1
(b) Prove by induction that an = .
2

http://www.mathsnetalevel.com/examprint.php?q=591,767,5102,5…t=Proof&tm=108&mk=90&psz=42&qonly=0&jnk=0.04672840377315879 Page 4 of 11
MathsNet A-Level: Print Exam Paper 13/10/2014 04:46

©2014 MathsNet A-Level. Licensed to ELITE Tuition. Page: 4

Q9 - ID: 5956 [8 marks, 10 minutes]

Prove by induction that for all integers n 1

n
1
r2(r + 1) = n(n + 1)(n + 2)(3n + 1)
r=1
12

Q10 - ID: 5102 [7 marks, 8 minutes]

Prove by induction that for all integers n 1

n
(r2 + 1)(r!) = n(n + 1)!
r=1

Q11 - ID: 767 [5 marks, 6 minutes]

1 1 2
A= 0 1 1
0 0 1
Prove by induction that for all positive integers, n
1
1 n 2
n(n + 3)
An = 0 1 n
0 0 1

Q12 - ID: 591 [5 marks, 6 minutes]

6x + 20 q
(a) Express in the form p + ,
x+5 x+5
where p and q are integers to be found.
The sequence of real numbers u1 u2 u3 is such that
6un + 20
u1 = 5 2 and un+1 =
un + 5
(b) Prove by induction that un 5, for positive integers n

http://www.mathsnetalevel.com/examprint.php?q=591,767,5102,5…t=Proof&tm=108&mk=90&psz=42&qonly=0&jnk=0.04672840377315879 Page 5 of 11
MathsNet A-Level: Print Exam Paper 13/10/2014 04:46

©2014 MathsNet A-Level. Licensed to ELITE Tuition. Page: 5

Proof - Mark Scheme

A1 - ID: 5870 [7 marks, 8 minutes]

(a) un + un+1 = 15n + 7n−1 + 15n+1 + 7n B1

= 15n(1 + 15) + 7n−1(1 + 7)
= 16 15n + 8 7n−1 M1A1
(b) n=1 u1 = 151 + 70 = 16
u1 = a multiple of 8 B1
assume uk = 8n uk+1 = 16 15k + 8 7k−1 − 8n
uk+1 = 8(2 15k + 7k−1 − n)
uk+1 = a multiple of 8 B1
result true for n = k + 1 B1
result true for all n B1

A2 - ID: 5858 [7 marks, 8 minutes]

n=1 LHS = 18 RHS = 9 2 = 18 B1

assume true for n = k 18 + + 6 3k = 9(3k − 1) A1
add 6 3k+1
18 + + 6 3k+1 = 9(3k − 1) + 6 3k+1 M1
6
= 9(3k − 1) + 9 9
3k+1
= 9 3k − 1 + 32 3k+1 M1
= 9 3k + 2 3k − 1
= 9 3 3k − 1
= 9 3k+1 − 1 A1
result true for n = k + 1 B1
result true for all n B1

http://www.mathsnetalevel.com/examprint.php?q=591,767,5102,5…t=Proof&tm=108&mk=90&psz=42&qonly=0&jnk=0.04672840377315879 Page 6 of 11
MathsNet A-Level: Print Exam Paper 13/10/2014 04:46

©2014 MathsNet A-Level. Licensed to ELITE Tuition. Page: 6

A3 - ID: 5727 [14 marks, 17 minutes]

(a) n=1f(n) = 30
divisible by 5 M1A1
assume true for n = k 6k + 5k + 19 = 5m
6k+1 + 5(k + 1) + 19 = 6(6k + 5k + 19) − 25k − 90 M1A1
= 6(5m) − 5(5k + 18)
divisible by 5 M1A1
result true for n = k + 1
result true for all n M1
(b) n=1 2n + 1 −2n 3 −2 M1A1
= = LHS
2n 1 − 2n 2 −1
k
assume true for n = k 3 −2 2k + 1 −2k
=
2 −1 2k 1 − 2k
k+1
3 −2 3 −2 2k + 1 −2k
= M1A1
2 −1 2 −1 2k 1 − 2k
= 3(2k + 1) − 4k −6k − 2(1 − 2k)
2(2k + 1) − 2k −4k − (1 − 2k)

= 2(k + 1) + 1 −2(k + 1) M1A1

2(k + 1) 1 − 2(k + 1)
result true for n = k + 1
result true for all n M1

A4 - ID: 5686 [5 marks, 6 minutes]

1
n=1 LHS = 1 2
= 21
1
RHS = 1+1
= 21 B1
k
1 k
assume true for n = k =
r=1
r(r + 1) k + 1
k+1
1 k 1
= + M1
r=1
r(r + 1) k + 1 (k + 1)(k + 2)
k+1
1 k(k + 2) + 1
=
r=1
r(r + 1) (k + 1)(k + 2)
k2 + 2k + 1 (k + 1)2
= =
(k + 1)(k + 2) (k + 1)(k + 2)
k+1
= M1A1
k+2
hence result true for n = k + 1
hence result true for all n A1

http://www.mathsnetalevel.com/examprint.php?q=591,767,5102,5…t=Proof&tm=108&mk=90&psz=42&qonly=0&jnk=0.04672840377315879 Page 7 of 11
MathsNet A-Level: Print Exam Paper 13/10/2014 04:46

©2014 MathsNet A-Level. Licensed to ELITE Tuition. Page: 7

A5 - ID: 5034 [5 marks, 6 minutes]

u1 = 4 51−1 + 1 = 5 un = 4 5n−1 + 1 for n = 1 B1

assume true for n = k uk = 4 5k−1 + 1 M1
uk+1 = 5uk − 4
uk+1 = 5(4 5k−1 + 1) − 4
uk+1 = 4 5k + 5 − 4
uk+1 = 4 5k + 1 M1A1
result true for n = k + 1
result true for all n M1

A6 - ID: 5990 [10 marks, 12 minutes]

a 128
(a) S = = = 102 4 M1A2
1−r 1 + 41
a(1 − r)
(b) n=1 LHS = a RHS = =a M1A1
1−r
a(1 − rk)
assume true for n = k a + ar + + ark−1 = M1
1−r
k
a(1 − rk)
add ark a + ar + + ar = + ar k M1
1−r
a(1 − rk) + ark(1 − r)
a + ar + + ark = A1
1−r
k+1
a(1 − r )
a + ar + + ark = A1
1−r
so true for n = k + 1
so true for all n A1

A7 - ID: 5978 [9 marks, 11 minutes]

n=1 f (x) = x 5e5x + e5x 1 = 5xe5x + e5x

f (1)(x) = (5x + 50)e5x = 5xe5x + e5x
true for n = 1 M1A1
assume true for n = k f (k)(x) = (5kx + k5k−1)e5x M1A1
f (k+1)(x) = (5kx + k5k−1) 5e5x + e5x (5k) M1A1
f (k+1)(x) = (5k+1x + k5k)e5x + 5ke5x
f (k+1)(x) = (5k+1x + (k + 1)5k)e5x A2
result true for n = k + 1
result true for all n B1

http://www.mathsnetalevel.com/examprint.php?q=591,767,5102,5…t=Proof&tm=108&mk=90&psz=42&qonly=0&jnk=0.04672840377315879 Page 8 of 11
MathsNet A-Level: Print Exam Paper 13/10/2014 04:46

©2014 MathsNet A-Level. Licensed to ELITE Tuition. Page: 8

A8 - ID: 5961 [8 marks, 10 minutes]

(a) a2 = 9a1 − 4 = 77
a3 = 9a2 − 4 = 689 M1A1
(17 90) + 1
(b) a1 = = 9 true for n = 1 B1
2
(17 9k−1) + 1
assume true for n = k ak = M1
2
ak+1 = 9ak − 4
(17 9k−1) + 1
ak+1 = 9( )−4
2
(17 9k) + 9 − 8
ak+1 =
2
(17 9k) + 1
ak+1 = M1A1
2
result true for n = k + 1
result true for all n B2

A9 - ID: 5956 [8 marks, 10 minutes]

1
n=1 LHS = r2(r + 1) = 2
r=1
1
RHS = (1)(2)(3)(4) = 2 B1
12
k
1
assume true for n = k r2(r + 1) = k(k + 1)(k + 2)(3k + 1)
r=1
12
k+1
1
r2(r + 1) = k(k + 1)(k + 2)(3k + 1) + (k + 1)2(k + 2) M1
r=1
12
1
= (k + 1)(k + 2)[k(3k + 1) + 12(k + 1)] M1A1
12
1
= (k + 1)(k + 2)[3k2 + 13k + 12]
12
1
= (k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 3)(3k + 4] M1A1
12
1
= (k + 1)((k + 1) + 1)((k + 1) + 2)(3(k + 1) + 1] A1
12
hence result true for n = k + 1
hence result true for all n A1

http://www.mathsnetalevel.com/examprint.php?q=591,767,5102,5…t=Proof&tm=108&mk=90&psz=42&qonly=0&jnk=0.04672840377315879 Page 9 of 11
MathsNet A-Level: Print Exam Paper 13/10/2014 04:46

©2014 MathsNet A-Level. Licensed to ELITE Tuition. Page: 9

A10 - ID: 5102 [7 marks, 8 minutes]

1
n=1 LHS = (r2 + 1)(r!) = 2
r=1
RHS = 1 2! = 2 B1
k
assume true for n = k (r2 + 1)(r!) = k(k + 1)!
r=1
k+1
(r2 + 1)(r!) = k(k + 1)! + ((k + 1)2 + 1)((k + 1)!) M1A1
r=1
k+1
(r2 + 1)(r!) = (k + 1)!(k + ((k + 1)2 + 1) M1
r=1
k+1
(r2 + 1)(r!) = (k + 1)!(k2 + 3k + 2))
r=1
k+1
(r2 + 1)(r!) = (k + 1)!(k + 1)(k + 2) = (k + 1)(k + 2)! A2
r=1
hence result true for n = k + 1
hence result true for all n A1

A11 - ID: 767 [5 marks, 6 minutes]

1 1 21 1(4) 1 1 2
A1 = 0 1 1 = 0 1 1 = A
0 0 1 0 0 1
hence true for n = 1 B1
1
1 k 2
k(k + 3) 1 1 2
Ak+1 = AkA = 0 1 k 0 1 1 M1
0 0 1 0 0 1
1 k + 1 2 + k + 21 k(k + 3)
= 0 1 k+1
0 0 1
1 k + 1 21 (k2 + 5k + 4)
= 0 1 k+1
0 0 1
1
1 k + 1 2 (k + 1)(k + 4)
= 0 1 k+1 M1A1
0 0 1
hence if true for k then true for k + 1
hence true for all n A1

http://www.mathsnetalevel.com/examprint.php?q=591,767,5102,…t=Proof&tm=108&mk=90&psz=42&qonly=0&jnk=0.04672840377315879 Page 10 of 11
MathsNet A-Level: Print Exam Paper 13/10/2014 04:46

©2014 MathsNet A-Level. Licensed to ELITE Tuition. Page: 10

A12 - ID: 591 [5 marks, 6 minutes]

6x + 20 6(x + 5) − 10 10
(a) = = 6− B1
x+5 x+5 x+5
(b) u1 = 5 2 u1 5 B1
assume true for n = k uk 5
6uk + 20 10
uk+1 = = 6−
uk + 5 uk + 5
10
uk 5 1
uk + 5
uk+1 5 M1A1
hence result true for n = k + 1 A1

http://www.mathsnetalevel.com/examprint.php?q=591,767,5102,…t=Proof&tm=108&mk=90&psz=42&qonly=0&jnk=0.04672840377315879 Page 11 of 11