Experiment No 7: Demonstration of a Blow Molding Machine
Objective: To understand the principles and operation of a blow molding machine and observe the
different stages of the blow molding process.
Theory:
Blow molding is a manufacturing process used to produce hollow plastic parts. It involves heating a
plastic parison (a hollow tube) to a molten state, placing it inside a mold, and then inflating it with air or
gas to conform to the shape of the mold cavity. After cooling, the molded part is ejected. Different types
of blow molding exist, including extrusion blow molding, injection blow molding, and stretch blow
molding. This manual focuses on demonstrating the general principles of a blow molding machine.
Materials:
● Thermoplastic material (e.g., HDPE, PP, PET) - Specific material depends on the machine and
intended product.
Tools and Equipment:
● Blow molding machine (demonstration unit)
● Mold (for the desired shape)
● Safety glasses
● Gloves
Procedure:
1. Machine Setup: The instructor will prepare the blow molding machine, including loading the
thermoplastic material, setting the temperature and pressure parameters, and installing the mold.
Students should observe this process but not perform it themselves unless specifically instructed
and supervised.
2. Parison Formation: Observe the process of parison formation. The instructor will explain the
mechanism, whether it's extrusion, injection, or another method. Note the material's state and
how it is formed into a hollow tube.
3. Mold Closing: Observe how the mold closes around the parison. Pay attention to the alignment
and sealing of the mold halves.
4. Blowing: The parison is inflated with compressed air or gas, forcing it against the walls of the
mold cavity. Observe the inflation process and how the plastic takes the shape of the mold.
5. Cooling: The mold is kept closed while the plastic cools and solidifies. The instructor will
explain the cooling mechanism.
6. Mold Opening and Ejection: The mold opens, and the solidified part is ejected. Observe the
ejection process.
7. Trimming (if applicable): The instructor will demonstrate any necessary trimming or finishing
operations to remove excess plastic (flash).
8. Repetition: Observe the complete cycle of the blow molding process several times to reinforce
understanding.
Diagram (Simplified):
Parison Formation Mold Closing Blowing Cooling Ejection
---------------------> -----------------> -----------------> -----------------> ----------------->
| Molten Plastic | Parison inside Mold | Inflated Parison | Cooled Part in | Finished Part |
| Extrusion/Injection | | against Mold | Mold | |
---------------------> -----------------> -----------------> -----------------> ----------------->
Observations:
● Material: Note the type of plastic used and its properties (e.g., flexibility, melt flow index).
● Parison Formation: Describe the method of parison formation (extrusion, injection).
● Mold: Describe the mold material and its design.
● Blowing Pressure: Note the pressure used for inflation (if indicated).
● Cooling Time: Observe the cooling time and how it affects the part's properties.
● Part Characteristics: Describe the final product's shape, size, wall thickness, and surface finish.
Discussion:
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of blow molding compared to other plastic processing methods.
What are the different types of blow molding processes? What factors affect the quality of the blow
molded part? How are defects in blow molded parts addressed? What are the applications of blow
molding?
Conclusion:
Summarize the steps involved in the blow molding process. What are the key parameters that influence
the final product? What are the safety considerations when operating a blow molding machine?
Safety Precautions:
● Always wear safety glasses when observing the blow molding process.
● Do not touch any moving parts of the machine during operation.
● Follow the instructor's instructions carefully.
● Be aware of the hot plastic and the potential for burns.
● Keep a safe distance from the machine during operation.
