Assignment
Name: Nirmit Prasad
Registration Number: RA2311003030305
Class: CSE-CORE
Section: E
Subject: Artificial Intelligence
Subject Code: 21CSC206T
Case Study on AI-Powered Patient Monitoring System in Healthcare Using
PEAS Framework
Introduction
Healthcare is a critical sector that relies on continuous patient monitoring to ensure timely
medical interventions. Traditional monitoring methods require constant manual observation,
which can lead to delays in detecting emergencies. An AI-powered patient monitoring
system optimizes healthcare by tracking vital signs in real-time, predicting health risks, and
alerting medical professionals when necessary. Using sensors, actuators, and automation,
this system enhances patient safety, improves medical efficiency, and reduces the burden on
healthcare staff. This case study explains the AI-powered patient monitoring system using
the PEAS (Performance Measure, Environment, Actuators, Sensors) framework to
demonstrate its role in modern healthcare.
PEAS Representation of AI-Powered Patient Monitoring System
1. Performance Measure: The effectiveness of an AI-powered patient monitoring
system is evaluated based on multiple performance criteria:
• Accurate Monitoring of Vital Signs: Ensuring real-time tracking of patient health
metrics such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels.
• Early Detection of Critical Conditions: Identifying potential health risks and
alerting medical staff before emergencies occur.
• Minimizing False Alarms: Reducing unnecessary alerts to prevent alarm fatigue for
healthcare professionals.
• Enhancing Doctor Efficiency: Assisting doctors and nurses in focusing on critical
cases through automated data analysis.
• Reducing Mortality Rates: Improving response times and treatment outcomes by
predicting health deterioration.
2. Environment: The AI-powered patient monitoring system operates in diverse
healthcare environments, including:
Hospital Room or ICU:
• Functions in dynamic environments where multiple patients and medical staff are
present.
• Supports critical care patients requiring continuous monitoring.
Patient-Specific Conditions:
• Suitable for post-surgical recovery, chronic disease management, and elderly care.
• Adjusts monitoring sensitivity based on individual patient needs.
External Medical Equipment:
• Integrates with ventilators, ECG machines, and infusion pumps for comprehensive
health tracking.
Emergency Situations:
• Operates effectively in urgent scenarios, such as cardiac arrest or sudden drops in
oxygen levels.
3. Actuators: Actuators enable the AI system to take necessary actions based on real-
time patient data. These include:
Automated Alerts:
• Sends notifications to doctors and nurses when a patient’s vital signs reach critical
levels.
• Notifies caregivers in home-care setups for timely intervention.
Medical Device Adjustments:
• Automatically regulates ventilators or IV drips based on changing patient conditions.
• Controls medication delivery systems for precise dosing.
Electronic Health Record (EHR) Updates:
• Logs patient data continuously for further analysis and medical reference.
Decision Support for Doctors:
• Suggests possible diagnoses or treatments based on historical patient data and AI
analysis.
4. Sensors: Sensors play a crucial role in collecting real-time data for patient
monitoring. Key sensors include:
Heart Rate Sensors:
• Track pulse and detect irregular heartbeats (e.g., arrhythmia).
Blood Pressure Monitors:
• Measure fluctuations in blood pressure levels.
Oxygen Saturation Sensors (Pulse Oximeters):
• Monitor blood oxygen levels to detect respiratory issues.
Temperature Sensors:
• Detect fever or hypothermia to prevent complications.
ECG (Electrocardiogram) Sensors:
• Analyze heart activity to identify potential cardiac risks.
Respiration Sensors:
• Measure breathing rates and detect apnea or respiratory distress.
Glucose Monitors:
• Track blood sugar levels for diabetic patients.
Motion Sensors:
• Detect falls or unusual movements, particularly for elderly patients.
Working Mechanism of AI-Powered Patient Monitoring System
1. Data Collection:
• Sensors continuously measure vital signs such as heart rate, oxygen levels, and blood
pressure.
• AI integrates patient data with electronic health records.
2. Decision Making (AI & Machine Learning Integration):
• AI analyzes trends and identifies potential health risks.
• Predictive models assess whether immediate medical intervention is required.
3. Actuation (Response and Alerts):
• The system sends emergency notifications to doctors or caregivers if abnormal vitals
are detected.
• It may adjust ventilators or medication dosages automatically.
4. Monitoring & Alerts:
• Healthcare professionals receive real-time alerts for patient status updates.
• Mobile applications allow remote monitoring by doctors and caregivers.
Advantages of AI-Powered Patient Monitoring Systems
1. Enhanced Patient Safety:
• Reduces human errors and ensures early detection of health risks.
2. Improved Healthcare Efficiency:
• Frees up medical staff for other critical tasks by automating routine monitoring.
3. Cost Savings:
• Reduces hospital readmissions and unnecessary diagnostic tests.
4. Real-Time Remote Monitoring:
• Enables doctors to monitor patients from any location using mobile applications.
5. Better Data Management:
• Stores patient health records digitally for accurate long-term tracking.
Challenges & Solutions
Challenge 1: High Implementation Cost Solution: Hospitals can adopt phased integration
or seek funding through healthcare grants.
Challenge 2: Data Privacy Concerns Solution: Implement strict cybersecurity protocols
and compliance with HIPAA regulations.
Challenge 3: Sensor Accuracy & Maintenance Solution: Regular calibration and use of
AI-driven self-diagnosing sensors.
Challenge 4: Power Supply Issues in Remote Areas Solution: Use battery backup and
solar-powered monitoring systems.
Conclusion
The AI-powered patient monitoring system is a revolutionary advancement in healthcare,
providing real-time insights for timely medical intervention. By integrating sensors, AI, and
automation, this system enhances patient safety, optimizes hospital efficiency, and reduces
healthcare costs. Despite challenges such as high costs and privacy concerns, continuous
technological advancements are making AI-driven monitoring systems more accessible and
reliable, ensuring a smarter future in healthcare.
