DATA DICTIONARY
DATA DICTIONARY
❖ Data Dictionary : centralized repository of information about data
❖ Repository :
➢ Is a Special area in the underlying data base
➢ Is a collection of repository objects
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Repository objects or Dictionary objects
➢ Data base Table
➢ View
➢ Data type
➢ Type group
➢ Domain
➢ Search help
➢ Lock object
➢ Data element etc..
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Features of Data Dictionary
➢Data Security ➢ Avoids Data Redundancy
➢Data Integrity
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Data base Table
Client Employee ID Employee Name Department ID
➢ Structure - Client Independent
➢ Data - Client dependent
➢ Key fields 800 1 Siva FI
➢ Non Key fields 800 1 Raghu FI
800 2 Krishna HR
➢ Minimum 1 Key field 800 3 Thomas SD
➢ Maximum 16 Key fields
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Table Creation
1. Top down approach
2. Bottom up approach
[Link] down approach 2. Bottom up approach
Table Field Table Field
Bottom up approach Data element
Data element
Domain Domain
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Domain-Data Element
Domain: Describes Technical properties of field
➢ Data type
➢ Length
➢ No of Decimal places
Data Element: Describes semantic attributes of field
➢ Documentation
➢ Field label
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Data Types
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Requirement:
➢ Create a table ZEMPLOYE with 3 fields (EMPID, EMP_NAME, EMP_ADD)
ZDEP with 2 fields ( DEPT_ID,EMP)
and Specify foreign key relation .
Employee Master Table
Client Employee ID Employee Name Employee Add
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Domain creation
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Data Element creation
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Field label & Documentation
DOCUMENTATION
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Supplementary Documentation
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Table Creation
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Delivery and Maintenance
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Technical Settings
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Fields Tab
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Table Enhancement
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Employee
Department
Table
Table
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Table Entries Creation
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Table Content Display
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Foreign Key
Need:
To display 2 or more tables data as report the base tables must have relationship
ADV:
[Link] F4 Help
2. Provides Field validation
Prerequisites:
1. At least 2 tables with active status
2. Both tables have data
3. Common field required
Different fields- both have same domain
Types:
1. Generic Foreign key
2. Constant Foreign key
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Cardinality
Specifies the type of relation ship between two tables
1
1 N
C C
CN
1:1 : Each record in check table has exactly one dependent record
1:N : Each record in check table has at least one dependent record
1:C : Each record in check table has maxi no of dependent record
1:CN : Each record in check table has any no of dependent record
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Search criteria to find out relationship between Tables
1. Where-Used list
2. Entry help/Check tab
3. Graphic icon
4. Data base view
5. DD08L Table
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Foreign Key Relation
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Foreign Key Proposal
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Table Entries Creation
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Entries creation
F1
F4
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Field Validation
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Display Table Content
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Field label
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Working with currency & quantity fields
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Working with currency & quantity fields
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currency & quantity fields
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currency & quantity fields
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currency & quantity fields
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currency & quantity fields
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Miscellaneous Topics
Text table:
➢ It is a Foreign Key table which maintain text
➢ If any Foreign Key table one of the key field consist of LANG as data type
➢ Ex..T002
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Value table
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Value table
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Value table
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Value table
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Value table
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Value table
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Fixed Values
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Fixed Values
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Fixed Values
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Fixed values
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Value range
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Value range
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Value range
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Value range
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Structure
Client Employee ID Employee Name Department ID
➢ Structure is a collection of components
➢ It Does not store data
➢ One structure can be included in many structures or tables [REUSABILITY]
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Structure Types
1. Flat structure
2. Nested structure
3. Deep structure
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Structure creation
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Structure
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Include Structure in Table
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Structure Include
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Structure Include
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Include creation
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Append Structure in Standard Table
Include Structure Append Structure
Used to include fields anywhere in the Table/Structure Always added at the bottom
Not called as Table Enhancement called as Table Enhancement
Reusable Not Reusable
Possible for only custom Table/structure Possible for custom/standard Table/structure
Components names begins with Y/Z Should begin with YY/ZZ
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Append Structure in Standard Table
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View
➢ View is a collection of data from more than one logically related tables
➢ Basically it does not contain data
➢ But it hold data at Runtime
Types of Views:
1. Database view
2. Projection view
3. Maintenance view
4. Help view
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Database View
❖ It is a collection of data from more than one related Database tables
❖ It implements Inner join
❑ Table joins in SAP are classified as
➢ Inner join
➢ Left outer join
✓ Inner join:
▪ Fetches data from both the tables
▪ Common Key field exist in both the tables
✓ Left outer join:
▪ Fetches Left side table all key fields data first and later it cross checks with Right side table
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Inner join
Employee Table Department Table
EmpID EmpNAME EmpADD DepID EmpID
1 Siva Hyd
A 1
2 Krishna Delhi
B 2
3 Bob Viz
4 Ram Pune C 3
EmpId DepID EmpNAME EmpADD
1 A Siva Hyd
2 B Krishna Delhi
3 C Bob viz
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Left outer join
Employee Table Department Table
EmpID EmpNAME EmpADD DepID EmpID
1 Siva Hyd
A 1
2 Krishna Delhi
B 2
3 Bob Viz
4 Ram Pune C 3
EmpId DepID EmpNAME EmpADD
1 A Siva Hyd
2 B Krishna Delhi
3 C Bob Viz
4 Ram Pune
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Data base View
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Data base View
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Data base View
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Data base View
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Data base View
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Data base View
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Data base View
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Projection View
➢ It is all ways used to hide some data and intern to display other data
➢ It is all ways created on single table
➢ No join conditions
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Projection View
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Projection View
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Projection View
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Projection View
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Projection View
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Maintenance View
➢ We can Maintain Data in Standard tables
➢ It uses Left outer join
❑ Working with Maintenance view is a 2 step procedure
1. View creation
2. Table Maintenance generator
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Maintenance View
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Maintenance View
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Maintenance View
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Maintenance View
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Maintenance View
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Maintenance View
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Maintenance View
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SM30
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Table entries creation
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New entries creation
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Table Maintenance Generator
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Table Maintenance Generator
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Table Maintenance Generator
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Creating entries
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ZEMPLOYEE Table
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New Entries
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Tcode creation
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SE93
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Parameter Transaction
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SAP EASY ACCESS
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ZEMPLOYE TABLE
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Help View
➢ It is used to fetch the data from data base tables and display
➢ It implements Left outer join
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Help View
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Help View
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Help View
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Help View
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Help View
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Help View
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Differences between Views
DB View Projection Maintenance Help View
Created on one or more tables Only one table more than one table one or more tables
Buffering allowed Not Not Not
Table Maintenance Generator not Not Available Not
available
We can display Table content We can We can We cannot
Append is Possible Possible Not Not
Graphical icon is available Not Available Not
Uses Inner join No Joins Left outer join Left outer join
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Search Help
❖ It is also called as F4 Help, Input Help
❖ It provides list of possible values, user can select any one of them
✓ Implicit search help
✓ Explicit search help
❖ Implicit search helps:
➢ Domain [ Fixed values, Intervals ]
➢ Check table
➢ Data types [ DATS,TIMS ]
❖ Explicit search help:
➢ Table field
➢ Structure component
➢ Data Element
➢ Selection screen field
➢ Dialogue screen field
❖ Types of Search Helps:
➢ Elementary search help
➢ Collective search help
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Elementary Search Help
➢ General F4 Help
➢ Generates F4 Help based on selection method
❖ Selection may be
✓ Data base table
✓ Data base View
✓ Projection View
✓ Help View
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Business scenario
Implement F4 help to Employee master address field
Prerequisites:
➢ Table must be Active
➢ Table must have some data
➢ Table field must have Data Element
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Elementary Search Help
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Search Help
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Text table creation
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Import & Export parameters
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Import & Export parameters
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Import & Export parameters
Hit List
Data base
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Search Help Attachment
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Elementary search help
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Search Help Attachment
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Search Help Attachment
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Text table creation
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Text table creation
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Text table creation
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Text table creation
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Text table creation
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Text table creation
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Collective Search Help
➢ Collection of more than one Elementary Search Helps
➢ It provides different alternative search path for user
➢ At least 2 Elementary Search Helps required
Collective Search
Help
Elementary Search Elementary Search
Help 1 Help 2
Table1 Table2 Table3
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Collective Search Help
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Collective Search Help
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Collective Search Help
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Collective Search Help
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Collective Search Help
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Performance factors on Database Table
➢ Buffer
➢ Logging
➢ Index
➢ Se14 Database utility
➢ SE16 Data browser
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Performance factors on Database Table
THANK YOU
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