Conditional Sentences
What are Conditional Sentences?
Conditional sentences are sentences that talk about what could happen if something
else happens. They usually talk about situations that depend on something else.
The Structure of Conditional Sentences:
1. The "If" part (Condition):
This part tells you what could happen if a condition is true. It's usually
introduced with "if."
2. The "Result" part (What happens):
This part tells you what will or might happen because of the condition.
1. Zero Conditional (Things that are always true)
When something happens, something else always happens.
Structure: If + Present Simple, Present Simple
Example:
If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
(This is always true — when water reaches 100°C, it boils.)
2. First Conditional (Things that can happen in the future)
This talks about something that is possible and will probably happen in the
future.
Structure: If + Present Simple, will + Verb
Example:
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay indoors.
(It might rain, and if it does, we will stay inside.)
3. Second Conditional (Things that might happen if the situation were different)
This talks about something that could happen in an imaginary or unlikely
situation.
Structure: If + Past Simple, would + Verb
Example:
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.
(It’s not real right now, but if I had that money, this is what would happen.)
4. Third Conditional (Things that didn’t happen in the past)
This talks about situations that did not happen in the past, but we imagine what
would have happened if they did.
Structure: If + Past Perfect, would have + Past Participle
Example:
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the test.
(I didn’t study harder, so I didn’t pass the test. But if I had, I would have
passed.)
EX1:
(First Conditional)
1. If it ______ (rain), we ______ (stay) at home.
2. If she ______ (study) hard, she ______ (pass) the test.
3. If we ______ (hurry), we ______ (catch) the bus.
(Second Conditional)
4. If I ______ (be) a bird, I ______ (fly) across the sky.
5. If he ______ (have) a lot of money, he ______ (buy) a new car.
6. If they ______ (live) in a big house, they ______ (be) very happy.
(Third Conditional)
7. If she ______ (study) harder, she ______ (pass) the exam.
8. If I ______ (know) about the party, I ______ (go) there.
9. If we ______ (leave) earlier, we ______ (arrive) on time.
EX2:
1. You …… (have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
2. If you …… (swim) in this lake, you ‘ll shiver from the cold.
3. The door will unlock if you …… (press) the green button.
4. If Mel …… (ask) her teacher, he ‘d have answered her questions.
5. I …… (call) the office if I was/were you.
6. If we meet at 9:30, we …… (have) plenty of time.
7. Lisa would find the milk if she …… (look) in the fridge.
8. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she …… (feed) the animals.
9. If you spoke louder, your classmates …… (understand) you.
10. If I …… (tplay) better, I might have won.
EX3:
1. His father often punishes him for his laziness.
2. I can’t come because I have to help my dad with something.
3. Leon often causes accidents because he drives carelessly.
4. Stop talking or you will wake the children up.
5. Mary got lost because she didn’t have a map.
6. June is so fat because she ate so many chips.
7. You’re unhealthy because you don’t do exercise.
8. He didn’t study his lessons very carefully, so he gets bad grades now.
9. Hurry up or you will be late for school.
10. I can’t apply for that job because I don’t know English.
HOMEWORK:
EX1: Vocabulary Exercise - Volcanoes
Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the list below:
Words: ash, calm, cover, crack, create, deep, erupt, explode, gas, heat, inside,
melted, steam, surface, thick, volcano, active, cone, crater, dormant, extinct
1. The _______ of the volcano is the opening at the top where the lava comes out.
2. When a volcano is ______, it is not currently erupting, but it may in the future.
3. The _______ of the volcano is made of layers of solidified lava and ash.
4. The _______ of the volcano are filled with hot gases and _______ lava.
5. After the volcano _______ , it can send a cloud of _______ and ash into the air.
6. Some volcanoes are _______ and no longer erupt because they are _______.
7. When the lava _______ , it becomes a liquid before it cools and hardens.
8. A volcano can _______ when the pressure from _______ inside the Earth is too
great.
9. The _______ of the volcano may be covered with a _______ layer of ash after
an eruption.
10. The _______ of the volcano is a _______ place where lava can be seen after an
eruption.
EX2: Mixed Conditional
1. If I ______ (have) more time yesterday, I ______ (help) you with your
homework.
2. If she ______ (not miss) the bus this morning, she ______ (arrive) on time.
3. If he ______ (not eat) too much chocolate, he ______ (feel) better now.
4. If we ______ (leave) earlier, we ______ (not be) late for the movie last night.
5. If I ______ (be) you, I ______ (buy) that new book last week.
6. If they ______ (study) harder, they ______ (pass) the test now.
7. If I ______ (know) it was your birthday yesterday, I ______ (buy) you a
present.
8. If you ______ (ask) me for help, I ______ (help) you last night.
9. If you ______ (not waste) your time, you ______ (have) finished your
homework already.
10. If he ______ (take) the earlier train, he ______ (arrive) on time today.
EX3:
1. If the train is late, we ………………….. to the office.
A. walk
B. will walk
C. would walk
D. walks
2. She …………………….. if she has time.
A. calls
B. would call
C. will call
D. calling
3. If it ……………………… too much, I will buy the smaller one.
A. costs
B. will cost
C. would cost
D. cost
4. If the class. ………………………. full, we will find another one.
A. are
B. will be
C. were
D. is
5. What will we do if the taxi ………………………..?
A. don’t come
B. didn’t come
C. doesn’t come
D. had not come
6. If it snowed this summer, we …………………… skiing.
A. goes
B. will go
C. would go
D. go
7. If you drove more carefully, you ………………….so many accidents.
A. would not have
B. will not have
C. wouldn’t have had
D. has
8. If he ……………………….. up earlier, he’d get to work on time.
A. gets
B. will get
C. got
D. had got
9. I would tell you more about it if we ……………………………… more time.
A. has
B. will have
C. have
D. had
10. If I ……………………..you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university.
A. am
B. be
C. were
D. had been
11. If you ………………………… any money, I’d give you some.
A. hadn’t had
B. haven’t had
C. don’t have
D. didn’t have
12. You’d earn more money if you …………………. more products.
A. to sell
B. sell
C. sold
D. will sell
13. If I ……………………. so busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
A. were not
B. wasn’t
C. aren’t
D. hadn’t been
14. If you had seen the film, you …………………. it.
A. will enjoy
B. would enjoy
C. would have enjoyed
D. enjoyed
15. She would have gone to the university if she ……………… the opportunity.
A. has
B. will have
C. had had
D. had
16. If he had been more careful, he ……………………….. an accident.
A. would not have had
B. will not have
C. does not have
D. would not have
17. If you’d stayed at home, there …………………………. any trouble.
A. would not be
B. will not be
C. is not
D. would not have been
18. What would you do if he………………………. tomorrow?
A. resigned
B. will resign
C. resigns
D. to resign
19. I’ll do it if he ………………………….. me.
A. asking
B. will ask
C. asked
D. asks
20. I wouldn’t have believed it if I………………… it with my own eyes.
A. not to see
B. didn’t see
C. don’t see
D. hadn’t seen
