GRADE 11

ADVANCED
MATHEMATICS
TERM 2

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 NAME: _____________________________

ADMATHS
GRADE 11: TERM 2

SOLUTIONS
_____________________________________________________________

CALCULUS

1. C4: Continuity
 Exercise Memo ......................................................................................1
 Homework Memo...................................................................................7

2. C5: Composition of Functions

 Exercise Memo ....................................................................................10
 Homework Memo.................................................................................15

3. C6: Definition of the Derivative

 Exercise Memo ....................................................................................18
 Homework Memo.................................................................................25

REVISION
4. REV: Revision Lesson
 Revision Memo ....................................................................................35

CALCULUS

5. C7: Derivative (Short way)

 Exercise Memo ....................................................................................52
 Homework Memo.................................................................................55

6. C8: Differentiability
 Exercise Memo ....................................................................................60
 Homework Memo.................................................................................62
 1

ADMATHS GRADE 11
SECTION: CALCULUS
MODULE: PRE-CALCULUS

LESSON C4: CONTINUITY

MEMORANDUM: EXERCISES
______________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 1

2𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 5
1.
4𝑥 2 − 1
(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 5)
=
(2𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 − 1)
1 1
∴ 𝑔 ( ) and 𝑔 (− ) do not exist
2 2

1
At 𝑥 = :
2

(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 5)
lim
𝑥→ (2𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 − 1)
1
2

𝑥−5
= lim
𝑥→ 2𝑥 − 1
1
2

1
−4
= lim 2 does not exist.
𝑥→
1 0
2

1
Thus: jump discontinuity at 𝑥 = .
2

©2024 AdMaths SA C4 EX MEMO

 2
1
At 𝑥 = − :
2

(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 5)
lim
𝑥→−
1 (2𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 − 1)
2

𝑥−5 11
= lim =
𝑥→−
1 2𝑥 − 1 4
2
1
Thus: removable discontinuity at 𝑥 = − .
2

2.
y

2
1
𝑦 = − (𝑥 − 5)2 + 2
1 3
x
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

-1
𝑦 =𝑥+5

-2

-3

2.1.1 𝑓(−3) = −1

2.1.2 lim − 𝑓(𝑥) = 2

𝑥→−3

2.1.3 lim + 𝑓(𝑥) = −1

𝑥→−3

2.1.4 lim 𝑓(𝑥) D. N. E.

𝑥→−3

2.1.5 𝑓(2) D. N. E.

2.1.6 lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = −1

𝑥→2

2.1.7 lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = −1

𝑥→2

2.1.8 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = −1

𝑥→2

©2024 AdMaths SA C4 EX MEMO

 3
2.2 𝑓(𝑥) is not continuous at 𝑥 = −3 and 𝑥 = 2.
At 𝑥 = −3: lim − 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ lim +𝑓(𝑥) or lim 𝑓(𝑥) does not exist.
𝑥→−3 𝑥→−3 𝑥→−3

At 𝑥 = 2: lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(2)

𝑥→2

2.3 At 𝑥 = −3: Jump discontinuity

At 𝑥 = 2: Removable discontinuity

EXERCISE 2

−𝑥 − 3 if 𝑥 < −1
2
−𝑥 + 6 if −1≤𝑥 <2
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = {
−2 if 𝑥=2
2 if 𝑥>2

2
x
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-2

-4

-6

1.1 𝑓(−1) = 5
1.2 𝑓(2) = −2
1.3 Jump discontinuity at 𝑥 = −1 because lim 𝑓(𝑥) does not exist.
𝑥→−1

Removable discontinuity at 𝑥 = 2 because lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists and

𝑥→2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(2).
𝑥→2

©2024 AdMaths SA C4 EX MEMO

 4
2
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑎𝑥 − 6 if 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑎𝑥 if 𝑥 > 2

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(2) (function is continuous)

𝑥→2− 𝑥→2

∴ lim(𝑎𝑥 2 − 6) = lim 𝑎𝑥
𝑥→2 𝑥→2

𝑎(2)2 − 6 = 𝑎(2)

4𝑎 − 6 = 2𝑎

𝑎=3

y
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
x
-2 2 4 6
-2
-4
-6

©2024 AdMaths SA C4 EX MEMO

 5
3. Given:
−|𝑥| + 1 if 𝑥 < 0
𝑥2 − 1 if 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
2
ℎ(𝑥) = if 1 < 𝑥 < 3
𝑥−1
−2 if 𝑥 = 3
{ 1 if 𝑥 > 3
3.1
y

x
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-1

-2 (3; −2)

-3

3.2.1 ℎ(0) = −1
3.2.2 lim ℎ(𝑥) = 1
𝑥→0−

3.2.3 lim ℎ(𝑥) = −1

𝑥→0+

3.2.4 lim ℎ(𝑥) D. N. E.

𝑥→0

3.2.5 ℎ(1) D. N. E.
3.2.6 lim ℎ(𝑥) = 0
𝑥→1−

3.2.7 lim ℎ(𝑥) = +∞ or D. N. E.

𝑥→1+

3.2.8 lim ℎ(𝑥) D. N. E.

𝑥→1

3.2.9 ℎ(3) = −2
3.2.10 lim ℎ(𝑥) = 1
𝑥→3−

©2024 AdMaths SA C4 EX MEMO

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3.2.11 lim ℎ(𝑥) = 1
𝑥→3+

3.2.12 lim ℎ(𝑥) = 1

𝑥→3

©2024 AdMaths SA C4 EX MEMO

 7

ADMATHS GRADE 11
SECTION: CALCULUS
MODULE: PRE-CALCULUS

LESSON C4: CONTINUITY

MEMORANDUM: HOMEWORK
______________________________________________________________

1. Function 𝑓 is continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑎 if:

I. 𝑓(𝑎) exists
II. lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists
𝑥→𝑎

III. 𝑓(𝑎) = lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→𝑎

2.1 D.N.E. (undefined)

2.2 2

2.3 4

2.4 D.N.E.

2.5 No, 𝑓(2) D.N.E. and lim 𝑓(𝑥) D.N.E.

𝑥→2

2.6 A jump discontinuity.

3.1 3

3.2 2

3.3 3

3.4 D.N.E.

3.5 No, lim 𝑔(𝑥) D.N.E.

𝑥→−1

3.6 A jump discontinuity.

©2024 AdMaths SA C4 HW MEMO

 8
15
4.1 = −5
−3

4.2 −5

4.3 −∞

4.4 D.N.E.

4.5 No, lim ℎ(𝑥) D.N.E.

𝑥→−3

5.1 D.N.E. (undefined)

5.2 −3

5.3 −3

5.4 −3

5.5 No, 𝑓(1) D.N.E.

5.6 A removable discontinuity.

6.1 4

6.2 0

6.3 0

6.4 0

6.5 No, 𝑓(−3) ≠ lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→−3

6.6 A removable discontinuity.

©2024 AdMaths SA C4 HW MEMO

 9
7. Given:
𝑏𝑥 + 3 if 𝑥 < 2
𝑏
𝑔(𝑥) = { if 𝑥 = 2
2𝑎
𝑎𝑥 − 3 if 𝑥 > 2

𝑔(𝑥) is continuous for all 𝑥. Thus also at 𝑥 = 2.

∴ lim− 𝑔(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔(2)

𝑥→2 𝑥→2

𝑏
lim (𝑏𝑥 + 3) = lim (𝑎𝑥 − 3) =
𝑥→2 𝑥→2 2𝑎
𝑏
2𝑏 + 3 = 2𝑎 − 3 =
2𝑎
𝑏
∴ 2𝑏 + 3 = 2𝑎 − 3 and 2𝑎 − 3 = …
2𝑎
2𝑏 = 2𝑎 − 6
𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 3
𝑏 = 𝑎 − 3…
𝑎−3 y
Sub  in : 2𝑎 − 3 = 6
2𝑎 𝑦 =𝑥−3
5
4𝑎2 − 6𝑎 = 𝑎 − 3 4
3
4𝑎2 − 7𝑎 + 3 = 0
2
(4𝑎 − 3)(𝑎 − 1) = 0 1
x
3
𝑎 = (n.a.) or 𝑎 = 1 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-1
1 2 3 4 5 6
4
9
-2 (2; −1)
∴ 𝑏 = − (n.a.) or 𝑏 = −2 -3
4 -4
∴ 𝑎 = 1 and 𝑏 = −2 -5
-6

©2024 AdMaths SA C4 HW MEMO

 10

ADMATHS GRADE 11
SECTION: CALCULUS
MODULE: PRE-CALCULUS

LESSON C5: COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS

MEMORANDUM: EXERCISES
______________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 1

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1:

(i) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥)

= 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))

= 𝑓(𝑥 + 1)

= 2(𝑥 + 1)3

(ii) (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥)

= 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))

= 𝑔(2𝑥 3 )

= 2𝑥 3 + 1

(iii) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(−1) OR (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(−1)

= 𝑓(𝑔(−1)) = 2(−1 + 1)3

= 𝑓(−1 + 1) =0

= 𝑓(0) = 0

©2024 AdMaths SA C5 EX MEMO

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(iv) (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(−1)

= 𝑔(𝑓(−1))

= 𝑔(2(−1)3 )

= 𝑔(−2)

= −2 + 1 = −1

OR
(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(−1)

= 2(−1)3 + 1

= −2 + 1 = −1

3
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 2; 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 :
(i) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥)

= 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
3
= 𝑓( √𝑥 )
3
= 5 √𝑥 − 2

(ii) (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥)

= 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))

= 𝑔(5𝑥 − 2)
3
= √5𝑥 − 2

(iii) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(1)

= 𝑓(𝑔(1))
3
= 𝑓(√1)

= 𝑓(1)

= 5(1) − 2 = 3

©2024 AdMaths SA C5 EX MEMO

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OR
(𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(1)
3
= 5√1 − 2

= 5(1) − 2 = 3

(iv) (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(1)

= 𝑔(𝑓(1))

= 𝑔(5(1) − 2)
3
= 𝑔(3) = √3

OR
(𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(1)
3
= √5(1) − 2
3
= √3

𝑥 + 1; 𝑥 ≥ 1
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = { and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥:
𝑥 − 1; 𝑥 < 1
(i) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(2)

= 𝑓(𝑔(2))

= 𝑓(4)

=4+1=5

(ii) (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(2)

= 𝑔(𝑓(2))

= 𝑔(2 + 1)

= 𝑔(3) = 6

©2024 AdMaths SA C5 EX MEMO

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(iii) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥)

= 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))

= 𝑓(2𝑥)
2𝑥 + 1; 2𝑥 ≥ 1
={
2𝑥 − 1; 2𝑥 < 1
1
2𝑥 + 1; 𝑥 ≥
={ 2
1
2𝑥 − 1; 𝑥 <
2
(iv) (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥)

= 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))

= 2𝑓(𝑥)
2𝑥 + 2; 𝑥 ≥ 1
={
2𝑥 − 2; 𝑥 < 1

4. 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥; 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 ; ℎ(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 9

(i) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥)

= 𝑓 (𝑔(ℎ(𝑥)))

= 𝑓(𝑔(4𝑥 + 9))

= 𝑓(4𝑥 + 9)2

= √(4𝑥 + 9)2

= |4𝑥 + 9| Answer should always be positive.

©2024 AdMaths SA C5 EX MEMO

 14

(ii) (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 ∘ ℎ)(−1) OR (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 ∘ ℎ)(−1)

= 𝑓 (𝑔(ℎ(−1))) = |4(−1) + 9|
=5
= 𝑓(𝑔(4(−1) + 9))
= 𝑓(𝑔(5))
= 𝑓(52 )
= 𝑓(25)
= √25
=5

5. 𝐹 = 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 ∘ ℎ:
(i) 𝐹(𝑥) = cosec 4 7𝑥

∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 ; 𝑔(𝑥) = cosec 𝑥; ℎ(𝑥) = 7𝑥

3
(ii) 𝐹(𝑥) =
√𝑥 2 +1

3
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = ; 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥; ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑥

©2024 AdMaths SA C5 EX MEMO

 15

ADMATHS GRADE 11
SECTION: CALCULUS
MODULE: PRE-CALCULUS

LESSON C5: COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS

MEMORANDUM: HOMEWORK
______________________________________________________________

1.1 (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) 1.2 (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥)

= 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))
= 𝑓(𝑥 2 + 1) = 𝑔(3𝑥)
= 3(𝑥 2 + 1) = (3𝑥)2 + 1
= 3𝑥 2 + 3 = 9𝑥 2 + 1

2.1 𝑓(ℎ(2)) 2.2 ℎ(𝑓(−1))

= 𝑓(5(2)) = ℎ(−1)
= 𝑓(10) = 5(−1)
= 103 = 1 000 = −5

3.1 (𝑝 ∘ 𝑞 ∘ 𝑟)(𝑥) 3.2 (𝑟 ∘ 𝑝 ∘ 𝑞)(4)

= 𝑝(𝑞(𝑟)) = 𝑟 (𝑝(𝑞(4)))
= 𝑝(𝑞(𝑥 4 )) 1
= 𝑟 (𝑝 ( ))
1 4
= 𝑝( )
𝑥4 1
= 𝑟 (−√ )
1 4
=−√
𝑥4 1
= 𝑟 (− )
1 2
=− 1 4 1
𝑥2 = (− ) =
2 16

©2024 AdMaths SA C5 HW MEMO

 16

3.3 (𝑝 ∘ 𝑟 ∘ 𝑞)(𝑥) 3.4 (𝑟 ∘ 𝑞 ∘ 𝑝)(10)

= 𝑝 (𝑟(𝑞(𝑥))) = 𝑟 (𝑞(𝑝(10)))
1 = 𝑟 (𝑞(−√10))
= 𝑝 (𝑟 ( )) 1
𝑥
= 𝑟( )
1 −√10
= 𝑝( )
𝑥4 4
1
=( )
1 −√10
=−√ 4
𝑥 1
=
1 100
=−
𝑥2

3.5 𝑞 (𝑟(𝑝(𝑥)))

= 𝑞 (𝑟(−√𝑥))
4
= 𝑞 [(−√𝑥) ]
= 𝑞(𝑥 2 )
1
= 2
𝑥

4.1 𝑘 (ℓ(90° )) 4.2 ℓ (𝑘(30° ))

= 𝑘(180° ) 1
= ℓ( )
= sin 180° = 0 2
=1

3
5.1 𝑔(𝑥) = and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4
𝑥

5.2 𝑔(𝜃) = 12𝜃 + 180° and 𝑓(𝜃) = cos 𝜃

5.3 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 − 3 and 𝑓(𝑦) = 4𝑦 2 + 𝑦 − 7

5.4 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 5 and 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥

©2024 AdMaths SA C5 HW MEMO

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6.1 ℎ(𝑎) = 5𝑎 and 𝑔(𝑎) = tan 𝑎 and 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑎3
𝑏
6.2 ℎ(𝑏) = 2𝑏 + 1 and 𝑔(𝑏) = √𝑏 and 𝑓(𝑏) =
12

2(𝑥 − 1) + 3 if 𝑥 − 1 ≥ 4
7.1 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = {
2(𝑥 − 1) − 3 if 𝑥 − 1 < 4

2𝑥 + 1 if 𝑥 ≥ 5
={
2𝑥 − 5 if 𝑥 < 5

2𝑥 + 3 − 1 if 𝑥 ≥ 4
7.2 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = {
2𝑥 − 3 − 1 if 𝑥 < 4
2𝑥 + 2 if 𝑥 ≥ 4
={
2𝑥 − 4 if 𝑥 < 4

©2024 AdMaths SA C5 HW MEMO

 18

ADMATHS GRADE 11
SECTION: CALCULUS
MODULE: PRE-CALCULUS

LESSON C6: DEFINITION OF DERIVATIVE

MEMORANDUM: EXERCISES
______________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 1

1. Average gradient
∆𝑦 𝑓(𝑥2 ) − 𝑓(𝑥1 )
𝑚= =
∆𝑥 𝑥2 − 𝑥1
𝑓(−1) − 𝑓(−3)
=
−1 − (−3)
3(−1)2 − 5 − [3(−3)2 − 5]
=
2
−2 − 22
= = −12
2

y
22
(−3; 22) 20 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 5
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
x

-2
(−1; −2) -4

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 EX MEMO

 19

2.1 Average gradient

∆𝑦
𝑚=
∆𝑥
𝑔(𝑥2 ) − 𝑔(𝑥1 )
=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
𝑔(−1) − 𝑔(−3)
=
−1 − (−3)
3(−1) − 5 − [3(−3) − 5]
=
2
−8 + 14 6
= = =3
2 2

2.2 No. It is a straight line and the gradient is therefore constant between
any two points.
y

𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 5

(−1 ; −8)

(−3 ; −14)

3. ℎ(𝑡) = 9𝑡 − 2𝑡 2
ℎ(1,5) = 9(1,5) − 2(1.5)2 = 9m
ℎ(1) = 9(1) − 2(1) = 7m

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 EX MEMO

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Average speed
∆ℎ
𝑣=
∆𝑡
ℎ(1,5) − ℎ(1)
=
1,5 − 1
9−7
=
0,5
= 4 m. s −1

(1,5 ; 9)
y

10
(1; 7)
8

2
x
1 2 3 4 5
-2

-4

-6

-8

-10

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 EX MEMO

 21

EXERCISE 2

1.1 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 2 + 𝑥

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓′(𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
−2(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + (𝑥 + ℎ) − (−2𝑥 2 + 𝑥)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
−2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥ℎ − 2ℎ2 + 𝑥 + ℎ + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
ℎ(−4𝑥 − 2ℎ + 1)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
= lim (−4𝑥 − 2ℎ + 1)
ℎ→0

= −4𝑥 + 1

5
1.2 𝑔(𝑥) =
−𝑥 2
𝑔(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑔′(𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
5 5
2 − ( 2)
−(𝑥 + ℎ) −𝑥
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
−5 5
2 + 2 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ℎ)2
(𝑥 + ℎ) 𝑥
= lim × 2
ℎ→0 ℎ 𝑥 (𝑥 + ℎ)2
−5𝑥 2 + 5(𝑥 + ℎ)2
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ℎ)2
−5𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 2 + 10𝑥ℎ + 5ℎ2
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ℎ)2
ℎ(10𝑥 + 5ℎ)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ℎ)2

10𝑥 + 5ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ℎ)2

10𝑥 10
= = 3
𝑥4 𝑥

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 EX MEMO

 22

1
1.3 𝑓(𝑥) =
2 √𝑥
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓′(𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
1 1
−
2 𝑥 + ℎ 2 √𝑥
= lim √
ℎ→0 ℎ
1 1
−
2 𝑥 + ℎ 2√𝑥 2√𝑥. √𝑥 + ℎ
= lim √ ×
ℎ→0 ℎ 2√𝑥. √𝑥 + ℎ
√𝑥 − √𝑥 + ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 2ℎ√𝑥. √𝑥 +ℎ
√𝑥 − √𝑥 + ℎ √𝑥 + √𝑥 + ℎ
= lim ×
ℎ→0 2ℎ√𝑥. √𝑥 +ℎ √𝑥 + √𝑥 + ℎ
𝑥 − (𝑥 + ℎ)
= lim
ℎ→0 2ℎ√𝑥. √𝑥 + ℎ(√𝑥 + √𝑥 + ℎ)
−ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 2ℎ√𝑥. √𝑥 + ℎ(√𝑥 + √𝑥 + ℎ)
−1
= lim
ℎ→0 2√𝑥. √𝑥 + ℎ(√𝑥 + √𝑥 + ℎ)
−1
=
2√𝑥. √𝑥(√𝑥 + √𝑥)
−1
=
2𝑥(2√𝑥)
−1 −1
= (or )
4𝑥(√𝑥) 4√𝑥 3

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
2. 𝑓′(𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
√5(𝑥 + ℎ) − 1 − √5𝑥 − 1
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 EX MEMO

 23

√5𝑥 + 5ℎ − 1 − √5𝑥 − 1 √5𝑥 + 5ℎ − 1 + √5𝑥 − 1

= lim ×
ℎ→0 ℎ √5𝑥 + 5ℎ − 1 + √5𝑥 − 1
5𝑥 + 5ℎ − 1 − (5𝑥 − 1)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√5𝑥 + 5ℎ − 1 + √5𝑥 − 1)
5ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√5𝑥 + 5ℎ − 1 + √5𝑥 − 1)
5
= lim
ℎ→0 √5𝑥 + 5ℎ − 1 + √5𝑥 − 1
5
=
√5𝑥 − 1 + √5𝑥 − 1
5
=
2√5𝑥 − 1
5
∴ 𝑓′(2) =
2√5(2) − 1
5
=
2 √9
5
=
6
5
∴ 𝑚𝑇 =
6
𝑓(2) = √5(2) − 1 = 3
Substitute (2; 3) into
5
𝑦 = 𝑥+𝑐
6
5
3 = (2) + 𝑐
6
4
𝑐=
3
Equation of the tangent:
5 4
𝑦= 𝑥+
6 3
OR

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 EX MEMO

 24
𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓(2 + ℎ) − 𝑓(2)
𝑓 ′ (2) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
√5(2 + ℎ) − 1 − √5(2) − 1
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
√9 + 5ℎ − 3
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
√9 + 5ℎ − 3 √9 + 5ℎ + 3
= lim ×
ℎ→0 ℎ √9 + 5ℎ + 3
9 + 5ℎ − 9
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√9 + 5ℎ + 3)
5ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√9 + 5ℎ + 3)
5 5
= =
√9 + 3 6
5
𝑚𝑇 =
6
𝑓(2) = √5(2) − 1 = 3
Substitute (2; 3) into
5
𝑦 = 𝑥+𝑐
6
5
3 = (2) + 𝑐
6
4
𝑐=
3
Equation of the tangent:
5 4
𝑦= 𝑥+
6 3

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 EX MEMO

 25

ADMATHS GRADE 11
SECTION: CALCULUS
MODULE: PRE-CALCULUS

LESSON C6: DEFINITION OF DERIVATIVE

MEMORANDUM: HOMEWORK
______________________________________________________________

𝑓(1) − 𝑓(−3)
1. 𝑚= where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
1 − (−3)
[12 + 4(1)] − [(−3)2 + 4(−3)]
=
4
5 − (−3)
=
4
8
=
4
=2
𝑔(2) − 𝑔(−1)
2. 𝑚= where 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥
2 − (−1)
[2(2)3 − 5(2)] − [2(−1)3 − 5(−1)]
=
3
6−3
=
3
3
=
3
=1
𝑆(3) − 𝑆(2)
3. 𝑣= where 𝑆(𝑡) = 6𝑡 − 3𝑡 2
3−2
[6(3) − 3(3)2 ] − [6(2) − 3(2)2 ] The meaning of the negative
= sign in the answer has to do
1
−9 − 0 with the fact that the ball
= changed direction. The speed
1 is still 9 𝑚. 𝑠 −1 .
= −9 𝑚. 𝑠 −1

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 HW MEMO

 26

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
4.1 𝑓′(𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 10
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) = 10
10 − 10
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
0
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

= lim 0 = 0
ℎ→0

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
4.2 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 5
⟹ 𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) = 3(𝑥 + ℎ) + 5
= 3𝑥 + 3ℎ + 5
3𝑥 + 3ℎ + 5 − (3𝑥 + 5)
∴ 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
3ℎ
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ

= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 3 = 3
ℎ→0

𝑔(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑔(𝑥)
4.3 𝑔′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
Given: 𝑔(𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 𝑥
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥 + ℎ) = 6(𝑥 + ℎ)2 − (𝑥 + ℎ)
= 6(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 ) − 𝑥 − ℎ
= 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥ℎ + 6ℎ2 − 𝑥 − ℎ

′ (𝑥)
6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥ℎ + 6ℎ2 − 𝑥 − ℎ − (6𝑥 2 − 𝑥)
∴𝑔 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
12𝑥ℎ + 6ℎ2 − ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 HW MEMO

 27
ℎ(12𝑥 + 6ℎ − 1)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
= lim (12𝑥 + 6ℎ − 1)
ℎ→0

= 12𝑥 + 6(0) − 1
= 12𝑥 − 1

𝑔(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑔(𝑥)
4.4 𝑔′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
Given:
4
𝑔(𝑥) =
𝑥
4
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥 + ℎ) =
𝑥+ℎ
𝑔(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑔(𝑥)
∴ 𝑔′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
4 4
− 𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)
= lim 𝑥 + ℎ 𝑥 ×
ℎ→0 ℎ 𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)
4𝑥 − 4(𝑥 + ℎ)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)

4𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 4ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)

−4ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)

−4
= lim
ℎ→0 𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)

−4
=
𝑥(𝑥 + 0)
−4
=
𝑥2

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 HW MEMO

 28

𝑘(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑘(𝑥)
4.5 𝑘 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
Given:
1
𝑘(𝑥) =
𝑥2
1
⇒ 𝑘(𝑥 + ℎ) =
(𝑥 + ℎ)2
1 1
2 − 2 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ℎ)2
(𝑥 + ℎ) 𝑥
∴ 𝑘 ′ (𝑥) = lim × 2
ℎ→0 ℎ 𝑥 (𝑥 + ℎ)2
𝑥 2 − (𝑥 + ℎ)2
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ℎ)2

𝑥 2 − (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 )
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ℎ)2
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥ℎ − ℎ2
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ℎ)2
−2𝑥ℎ − ℎ2
= lim 2
ℎ→0 ℎ𝑥 (𝑥 + ℎ)2

ℎ(−2𝑥 − ℎ)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ℎ)2

−2𝑥 − ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + ℎ)2

−2𝑥 − 0
=
𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 0)2
−2𝑥
=
𝑥4
−2
=
𝑥3

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 HW MEMO

 29

𝑝(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑝(𝑥)
4.6 𝑝′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
Given:
9
𝑝(𝑥) =
√𝑥
9
⟹ 𝑝(𝑥 + ℎ) =
√𝑥 + ℎ
9 9
−
𝑥 + ℎ √𝑥
𝑝′(𝑥) = lim √
ℎ→0 ℎ

9 9
−
𝑥 + ℎ √ 𝑥 √𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ
= lim √ ×
ℎ→0 ℎ √𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ

9 √𝑥 − 9 √ 𝑥 + ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ √𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ

9 √𝑥 − 9 √ 𝑥 + ℎ 9 √𝑥 + 9 √𝑥 + ℎ
= lim ×
ℎ→0 ℎ √𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ 9 √𝑥 + 9 √𝑥 + ℎ
2 2
(9√𝑥) − (9√𝑥 + ℎ)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ√𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ(9√𝑥 + 9√𝑥 + ℎ)

81𝑥 − 81(𝑥 + ℎ)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ√𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ(9√𝑥 + 9√𝑥 + ℎ)

−81ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ√𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ(9√𝑥 + 9√𝑥 + ℎ)

−81
= lim
ℎ→0 √𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ(9√𝑥 + 9√𝑥 + ℎ)

−81
=
√𝑥. √𝑥(9√𝑥 + 9√𝑥)

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 HW MEMO

 30
−81
=
𝑥. 18√𝑥

−9 −9
= 3 =
2𝑥 2 2√𝑥 3

OR
𝑝(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑝(𝑥)
𝑝′(𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
Given:
9
𝑝(𝑥) =
√𝑥
9
⇒ 𝑝(𝑥 + ℎ) =
√𝑥 + ℎ
9 9
−
𝑥 + ℎ √𝑥
𝑝′(𝑥) = lim √
ℎ→0 ℎ

9 9 9 9
(− )( + )
𝑥 + ℎ √𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ √ 𝑥
= lim √
ℎ→0 9 9
ℎ( + )
√𝑥 + ℎ √𝑥

81 81
−
= lim 𝑥 + ℎ 𝑥
ℎ→0 9 9
ℎ( + )
√ 𝑥 + ℎ √𝑥

81𝑥 − 81(𝑥 + ℎ)
𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)
= lim
ℎ→0 9 9
ℎ( + )
√ 𝑥 + ℎ √𝑥

81𝑥 − 81𝑥 − 81ℎ

𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)
= lim
ℎ→0 9 9
ℎ( + )
√ 𝑥 + ℎ √𝑥

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 HW MEMO

 31
−81ℎ
𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)
= lim
ℎ→0 9 9
ℎ( + )
√ 𝑥 + ℎ √𝑥
−81
𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)
= lim
ℎ→0 9 9
+
√𝑥 + ℎ √𝑥
−81
𝑥(𝑥 + 0)
=
9 9
+
√𝑥 √𝑥
−81
2
= 𝑥
18
√𝑥

−81 √𝑥
= ×
𝑥2 18
−9
= 1
2𝑥 2−2
−9
= 1
2𝑥 12
−9
= 3
2𝑥 2
−9 −9
= OR
2√𝑥 3 2𝑥√𝑥

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 HW MEMO

 32

5. 𝑦 = √𝑥 + 4 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
√(𝑥 + ℎ) + 4 − √𝑥 + 4
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
√(𝑥 + ℎ) + 4 − √𝑥 + 4 √𝑥 + ℎ + 4 + √𝑥 + 4
= lim ×
ℎ→0 ℎ √𝑥 + ℎ + 4 + √𝑥 + 4
𝑥 + ℎ + 4 − (𝑥 + 4)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√𝑥 + ℎ + 4 + √𝑥 + 4)
ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√𝑥 + ℎ + 4 + √𝑥 + 4)
1
= lim
ℎ→0 √𝑥 + ℎ + 4 + √𝑥 + 4
1
=
√𝑥 + 0 + 4 + √𝑥 + 4
1
=
2 √𝑥 + 4
1
∴ 𝑓′(𝑥) =
2 √𝑥 + 4
1 1
∴ 𝑓′(1) = =
2 √1 + 4 2√5
OR
√5 + ℎ − √5 √5 + ℎ + √5
𝑓′(1) = lim ×
ℎ→0 ℎ √5 + ℎ + √5
5+ℎ−5
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√5 + ℎ + √5)
1
= lim
ℎ→0 √5 + ℎ + √5
1
=
2√5

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 HW MEMO

 33

1 1
−
6. √(7 + ℎ) − 6 √7 − 6
𝑓 ′ (7) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
1
−1
√ 1+ℎ √1 + ℎ
= lim ×
ℎ→0 ℎ √1 + ℎ
1 − √1 + ℎ 1 + √1 + ℎ
= lim ×
ℎ→0 ℎ √1 + ℎ 1 + √1 + ℎ
1 − (1 + ℎ)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ[√1 + ℎ + (1 + ℎ)]
−ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ[√1 + ℎ + (1 + ℎ)]
−1
= lim
ℎ→0 √1 +ℎ+1+ℎ
1
=−
2

OR
1
𝑓(𝑥) =
√𝑥 − 6
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓′(𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
1 1
−
𝑥 + ℎ − 6 √𝑥 − 6
= lim √
ℎ→0 ℎ
1 1
−
𝑥 + ℎ − 6 √𝑥 − 6 √𝑥 + ℎ − 6 . √𝑥 − 6
= lim √ ×
ℎ→0 ℎ √𝑥 + ℎ − 6 . √𝑥 − 6
√𝑥 − 6 − √𝑥 + ℎ − 6
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√𝑥 + ℎ − 6 . √𝑥 − 6 )

√𝑥 − 6 − √𝑥 + ℎ − 6 √𝑥 − 6 + √𝑥 + ℎ − 6
= lim ×
ℎ→0 ℎ(√𝑥 + ℎ − 6 . √𝑥 − 6 ) √𝑥 − 6 + √𝑥 + ℎ − 6

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 HW MEMO

 34

𝑥 − 6 − (𝑥 + ℎ − 6)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√𝑥 + ℎ − 6 . √𝑥 − 6 )(√𝑥 − 6 + √𝑥 + ℎ − 6)
−ℎ
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√𝑥 + ℎ − 6 . √𝑥 − 6 )(√𝑥 − 6 + √𝑥 + ℎ − 6)
−1
= lim
ℎ→0 √𝑥 + ℎ − 6 √𝑥 − 6(√𝑥 − 6 + √𝑥 + ℎ − 6)
−1
= 2
(√𝑥 − 6) (2√𝑥 − 6)
−1
= 3
2(𝑥 − 6)2
−1
=
2√(𝑥 − 6)3
−1
∴ 𝑓′(𝑥) =
2√(𝑥 − 6)3
−1
𝑓′(7) =
2√(7 − 6)3
−1
=
2√13
−1
=
2√1
−1
=
2

©2024 AdMaths SA C6 HW MEMO

 35

ADMATHS GRADE 11
GRADE 11 REVISION MAY 2024

MEMORANDUM
_____________________________________________________________

SECTION: CALCULUS

QUESTION 1
1.1
1.1.1 𝑓(−2) = 8

1.1.2 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 and lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 8

𝑥→−2 − 𝑥→−2+

⇒ lim 𝑓(𝑥) does not exist

𝑥→−2

1.1.3 𝑓(3) = −2

1.1.4 lim−𝑓(𝑥) = 3 and lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 3

𝑥→3 𝑥→3

⇒ lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 3
𝑥→3

1.2 lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ lim +𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→−2− 𝑥→−2

lim 𝑓(𝑥) does not exist.

𝑥→−2

∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at 𝑥 = −2. Jump discontinuity.

AND

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 ⇒ lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists

𝑥→3− 𝑥→3 𝑥→3

But lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(3)

𝑥→3

∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 3. Removable discontinuity.

AND

𝑥 = −4; 𝑥 = 6; because the limit does not exist.

©2024 AdMaths SA 11 MAY REVISION MEMO

 36
1.3 𝑓(𝑥) = 1: (Draw a line parallel to the 𝑥-axis at 𝑦 = 1.)

3|𝑥 + 3| = 1
1
|𝑥 + 3| =
3
1 1
𝑥+3= or 𝑥 + 3 = −
3 3
2 1
𝑥 = −2 or 𝑥 = −3
3 3
OR

𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 1

𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 = 0

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎

2 ± √4 − 4(−1)
=
2
2 ± √8
=
2
𝑥 = 2,41 or 𝑥 = −0,41

OR

−2𝑥 + 9 = 1

−2𝑥 = −8

𝑥=4

Answers: 𝑥 = −2,67; −3,33; −0, 41; 2, 41 or 4.

©2024 AdMaths SA 11 MAY REVISION MEMO

 37

QUESTION 2

3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 8
2.1 lim
𝑥→4 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 28

(3𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 4)
= lim
𝑥→4 (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 7)

(3𝑥 + 2)
= lim
𝑥→4 (𝑥 + 7)

14 3
= =1
11 11
3
2.2 √𝑥 − 5
lim
𝑥→125 𝑥 − 125
3
√𝑥 − 5
= lim 3
𝑥→125 3
( √𝑥 ) − 5 3
3
√𝑥 − 5
= lim 2
𝑥→125 3 3 3
( √𝑥 − 5) (( √𝑥) + 5 √𝑥 + 25)
1
= lim 2
𝑥→125 3 3
(( √𝑥 ) + 5 √𝑥 + 25)
1 1
= =
25 + 5 × 5 + 25 75

3 12 1
2.3 lim ( − ).
𝑥→3 2 5+𝑥 𝑥−3
3(5 + 𝑥) − 12 × 2 1
= lim ( ).
𝑥→3 2(5 + 𝑥) 𝑥−3

15 + 3𝑥 − 24 1
= lim ( ).
𝑥→3 2(5 + 𝑥) 𝑥−3
3𝑥 − 9 1
= lim ( ).
𝑥→3 2(5 + 𝑥) 𝑥 − 3
3(𝑥 − 3) 1
= lim ( ).
𝑥→3 2(5 + 𝑥) 𝑥−3

©2024 AdMaths SA 11 MAY REVISION MEMO

 38
3
= lim ( )
𝑥→3 2(5 + 𝑥)
3 3
= =
2(8) 16

2.4 √4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 7
lim
𝑥→−∞ 2𝑥 − 1
3 7
√𝑥 2 (4 − +
𝑥 𝑥 2)
= lim
𝑥→−∞ 1
𝑥 (2 − )
𝑥
3 7
|𝑥|√(4 − + 2 )
𝑥 𝑥
= lim
𝑥→−∞ 1
𝑥 (2 − )
𝑥
3 7
−𝑥 √(4 − +
𝑥 𝑥 2)
= lim
𝑥→−∞ 1
𝑥 (2 − )
𝑥
3 7
−√(4 − +
𝑥 𝑥 2)
= lim
𝑥→−∞ 1
(2 − 𝑥 )

√4
=− = −1
2

QUESTION 3

𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 20
3.1
3𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 4
(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 5)
=
(3𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4)
𝑥−5
=
3𝑥 − 1
𝑥 = −4:

©2024 AdMaths SA 11 MAY REVISION MEMO

 39
𝑥−5 −9 9
lim = =
𝑥→−4 3𝑥 − 1 −13 13
A removable discontinuity at 𝑥 = −4
1
𝑥= :
3
𝑥−5
lim Does Not Exist
1 3𝑥 − 1
𝑥→
3

3.2
3𝑎 + 3𝑎𝑥 if 𝑥 < −3
𝑓(𝑥) = {
27 + 9𝑥 2 if − 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
Continuous
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim −(3𝑎 + 3𝑎𝑥)
𝑥→−3− 𝑥→−3

= 3𝑎 − 9𝑎 = −6𝑎
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim +(27 + 9𝑥 2 )
𝑥→−3+ 𝑥→−3

= 27 + 9(9) = 108
But lim + 𝑓(𝑥) = lim − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→−3 𝑥→−3

∴ −6𝑎 = 108
𝑎 = −18

QUESTION 4

2𝑥 − 5
ℎ(𝑥) =
𝑥+3

4.1 Vertical asymptote 𝑥 = −3

4.2 Horizontal asymptote:

2𝑥 − 5
lim
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 + 3

5
𝑥 (2 − )
= lim 𝑥
𝑥→∞ 3
𝑥 (1 + )
𝑥

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 40
=2
5
𝑥 (2 − )
= lim 𝑥
𝑥→−∞ 3
𝑥 (1 + )
𝑥
=2
∴𝑦=2

QUESTION 5
3
𝑓(𝑥) =
√𝑥
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
3 3
−
𝑥 + ℎ √𝑥 √𝑥 + ℎ. √𝑥
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 √ ×
ℎ→0 ℎ √𝑥 + ℎ. √𝑥
3√𝑥 − 3 √𝑥 + ℎ 3 √𝑥 + 3 √𝑥 + ℎ
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ×
ℎ→0 ℎ(√𝑥 + ℎ. √𝑥) 3 √𝑥 + 3 √𝑥 + ℎ
9𝑥 − 9(𝑥 + ℎ)
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ(√𝑥 + ℎ. √𝑥)(3√𝑥 + 3√𝑥 + ℎ)
−9ℎ
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ(√𝑥 + ℎ. √𝑥)(3√𝑥 + 3√𝑥 + ℎ)
−9
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 (√𝑥 + ℎ. √𝑥)(3√𝑥 + 3√𝑥 + ℎ)
−9
=
𝑥. 6√𝑥
−3 −3 −3
= 1 = 3 =
1
2𝑥 2 2𝑥 2 2√𝑥 3

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 41

QUESTION 6

6.1.1 (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(3)

= 𝑓(𝑔(3))

= 𝑓(9) = 15

6.1.2 (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥)

= 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))

= 𝑔(𝑥 + 6)

= (𝑥 + 6)2

= 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 36

6.1.3 (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(−1)

= 𝑔(𝑓(−1))

= 𝑔(5) = 52 = 25

6.2.1 (𝑚 ∘ 𝑝)(𝑥) or 𝑚(𝑝(𝑥))

6.2.2 (𝑝 ∘ 𝑘 ∘ 𝑚)(𝑥) or 𝑝(𝑘(𝑚(𝑥)))

𝑥 + 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 1
6.3 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑔(𝑥) = −2𝑥
𝑥 − 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 1

−2𝑥 + 2 𝑖𝑓 − 2𝑥 ≤ 1
6.3.1 (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = {
−2𝑥 − 2 𝑖𝑓 − 2𝑥 > 1
1
−2𝑥 + 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ −
={ 2
1
−2𝑥 − 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < −
2

2 2 1
6.3.2 (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔) (− ) (− < − )
3 3 2
2 4 2
= −2 (− ) − 2 = − 2 = −
3 3 3

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 42

QUESTION 7

1
7.1 𝑓(𝑥) = + 10
2𝑥
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
1 1
+ 10 − ( + 10)
2(𝑥 + ℎ) 2𝑥
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
1 1 1
= lim [ − ]
ℎ→0 ℎ 2(𝑥 + ℎ) 2𝑥

1 𝑥 − (𝑥 + ℎ)
= lim [ ]
ℎ→0 ℎ 2𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)

1 −ℎ
= lim [ ]
ℎ→0 ℎ 2𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)

−1
= lim
ℎ→0 2𝑥(𝑥 + ℎ)

1
=−
2𝑥 2

7.2 1
At 𝑥 = :
2

1 1 1
𝑚=− =− = − = −2
1 2 1 1
2 ( 2) 2( )
4 2

∴ 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐

= −2𝑥 + 𝑐

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1
At 𝑥 = :
2

1
𝑦= + 10 = 1 + 10 = 11
1
2( )
2
1
∴ 11 = (−2) ( ) + 𝑐
2

𝑐 = 12
∴ 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 12

1
7.3 − = −8
2𝑥 2
1
∴ 2 = 16
𝑥
1
∴𝑥=±
4
1 1
𝑥 = : 𝑦 = 12 ∴ ( ; 12)
4 4

1 1
𝑥 = − : 𝑦 = 8 ∴ (− ; 8)
4 4

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 44

SECTION: ALGEBRA

QUESTION 1

1.1 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 − 63 = 0
(𝑥 2 + 9)(𝑥 2 − 7) = 0
[𝑥 2 − (−9)](𝑥 + √7)(𝑥 − √7) = 0

(𝑥 + 3𝑖)(𝑥 − 3𝑖)(𝑥 + √7)(𝑥 − √7) = 0

𝑥 = ±3𝑖 or 𝑥 = ±√7
≈ ±2,65

(𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 2 − 20)(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 10)

1.2 𝑓(𝑥) = =0
(5 + 𝑥)(5 − 𝑥)

1.2.1 𝑥 = 7

1.2.2 𝑥 = 7 or 𝑥 = ±√20
= ±2√5

1.2.3 𝑥 = 7 or 𝑥 = ±√20 OR

−6 ± √62 − 4(1)(10)
𝑥=
2(1)
𝑥 = −3 + 𝑖 or 𝑥 = −3 − 𝑖

1.3 𝑥 4 = 8𝑥
𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 3 − 8) = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4) = 0
−2 ± √4 − 4(1)(4)
∴ 𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥=2 or 𝑥 =
2(1)
−2 ± √−12
=
2
−2 ± 2√3𝑖
=
2
= −1 ± √3𝑖

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 45

QUESTION 2

2.1 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 10 ≥ 0
𝑥 2 (2𝑥 − 5) + 2(2𝑥 − 5) ≥ 0
(2𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 2 + 2) ≥ 0

− + 𝑥2 + 2 ≥ 2
∴ 𝑥2 + 2 > 0
5
2
5
∴𝑥≥
2

2.2 (−𝑥 2 − 4)(𝑥 + 2)2 (𝑥 − 1) > 0

(𝑥 2 + 4)(𝑥 + 2)2 (𝑥 − 1) < 0
𝑥2 + 4 ≥ 4 > 0
∴ (𝑥 + 2)2 (𝑥 − 1) < 0
− × − +
−2 1

𝑥 < 1, 𝑥 ≠ −2

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 46
𝑥−3
2.3 <𝑥
𝑥+1

𝑥−3
−𝑥 <0
𝑥+1

𝑥 − 3 − 𝑥(𝑥 + 1)
<0
𝑥+1

𝑥 − 3 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥
<0
𝑥+1

−𝑥 2 − 3
<0
𝑥+1

[÷ (−𝑥 2 − 3)] both sides

1
>0
𝑥+1

∴𝑥+1>0
∴ 𝑥 > −1

− ? +
−1

−𝑥√𝑥 + 1
2.4 ≥0
𝑥+2

𝑥 √𝑥 + 1
≤0
𝑥+2

𝑥+1≥0
∴ 𝑥 ≥ −1 Main restriction for fraction to exist.
𝑥
∴ ≤0
𝑥+2

+ ? − +
−2 0
Solution: −2 < 𝑥 ≤ 0

∴ Final solution: −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0

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 47

QUESTION 3
(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖)(−𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖)
= −𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏𝑖 + 𝑎𝑏𝑖 + 𝑏 2 𝑖 2
= −𝑎2 − 𝑏 2

= −(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )

QUESTION 4
3 + 𝑖 is a root.
⇒ 3 − 𝑖 is also a root.

⇒ [𝑥 − (3 + 𝑖)][𝑥 − (3 − 𝑖)]

= [(𝑥 − 3) − 𝑖][(𝑥 − 3) + 𝑖]

= (𝑥 − 3)2 − 𝑖 2

= 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 + 1

= 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 10

∴ 𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 3 + 21𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 10 = (𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 10)(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1)

OR

𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1

𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 10 𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 3 + 21𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 10

𝑥 4 − 6𝑥 3 + 10𝑥 2

−2𝑥 3 + 11𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 10

−2𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 − 20𝑥

−𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 10

−𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 10

∙ ∙ ⋅

©2024 AdMaths SA 11 MAY REVISION MEMO

 48

= (𝑥 − 3 − 𝑖)(𝑥 − 3 + 𝑖)(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 − 1 − 1)

= (𝑥 − 3 − 𝑖)(𝑥 − 3 + 𝑖)((𝑥 − 1)2 − 2)

= (𝑥 − 3 − 𝑖)(𝑥 − 3 + 𝑖)(𝑥 − 1 − √2)(𝑥 − 1 + √2)

∴ 𝑥 = 3 + 𝑖 or 𝑥 = 3 − 𝑖 or 𝑥 = 1 + √2 or 𝑥 = 1 − √2
∴ 𝑥 = 3 ± 𝑖 or 𝑥 = 1 ± √2

QUESTION 5

𝑥 + 3 − 𝑖 is a factor ⇒ 𝑥 + 3 + 𝑖 is also a factor

(𝑥 + 3 − 𝑖)(𝑥 + 3 + 𝑖) is a factor
= (𝑥 + 3)2 − 𝑖 2
= 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 1
= 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 10
∴ 𝑥 3 + 𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑥 − 20 = (𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 10)(𝑥 − 2)
𝑥 2 : − 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 2 = 𝑝𝑥 2
∴𝑝=4
𝑥: − 12𝑥 + 10𝑥 = 𝑞𝑥
∴ 𝑞 = −2

©2024 AdMaths SA 11 MAY REVISION MEMO

 49

SECTION: MATRICES

QUESTION 1

3 −2 𝑘 8
1 2
[ 𝑥 𝑦] [ ]=[7 −8 ]
5 −1
−5 4 15 −14
𝑘 = 3(1) − 2(5)
= −7

𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 7
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −8
1 5 𝑥 7
[ ] [𝑦 ] = [ ]
2−1 −8
−1 −1 −5 1 5 𝑥 −1 −1 −5 7
[ ][ ] [𝑦 ] = [ ][ ]
11 −2 1 2 −1 11 −2 1 −8
𝑥 −1 33
𝐼 [𝑦 ] = [ ]
11 −22
−3
=[ ];
2
𝑥 = −3 and 𝑦 = 2

QUESTION 2

1 5 −2 1 5
2.1 0 𝑥 1 |0 𝑥
𝑥 0 −10 𝑥 0

(−10𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 0) − (−2𝑥 2 + 0 + 0) = 3

2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3 =0
(𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥 + 1) = 0
1
𝑥 = 3 or 𝑥 = −
2
𝑥=3

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 50

1 −1 −2 𝑥 1
2.2.1 [2 −1 𝑦
5 ] [ ] = [−5]
1 2 −1 𝑧 6

2.2.2 −9 −7 5
[ 5 1 𝟑]
−7 𝟗 1

2.2.3 Cofactor matrix:

−9 7 5
[−5 1 −3]
−7 −9 1

2.2.4 Inverse matrix:

1 −9 −5 −7
[ 7 1 −9]
−26
5 −3 1

1 −9 −5 −7 1 −1 −2 𝑥 1 −9 −5 −7 1
2.2.5 [ 7 1 −9] [2 −1 𝑦
5] [ ] = [ 7 1 −9] [−5]
−26 𝑧 −26
5 −3 1 1 2 −1 5 −3 1 6
𝑥 1 −9 −5 −7 1
[𝑦] = [ 7 1 −9] [−5]
𝑧 −26
5 −3 1 6

1 −26
= − [−52]
26
26
1
=[ 2 ]
−1
∴𝑥=1 , 𝑦=2 , 𝑧 = −1

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QUESTION 3

(C)
The determinant of the coefficient matrix
2 5 −2
5
[−1 − 1 ] is 0.
2
6 15 −6
1
− Row1 = Row2 and 3Row1 = Row2
2

The rows are therefore multiples of each other on the LHS and RHS.

The three planes fall together which leads to infinitely many solutions.

©2024 AdMaths SA 11 MAY REVISION MEMO

 52

ADMATHS GRADE 11
SECTION: CALCULUS
MODULE: PRE-CALCULUS

LESSON 7: DERIVATIVE – SHORT WAY

MEMORANDUM: EXERCISES
_____________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 1

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 3 ⇒ 𝑓′(𝑥) = 27𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 10
2. 𝑦 = −5𝑥 −2 ⇒ = 10𝑥 −3 = 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
3. 𝐷𝑥 (7𝑥 7 ) = 49𝑥 6
𝑑 1 2 −1 1
4. (−3𝑥 3 ) = −𝑥 −3 = 2 = − 3
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 2
𝑥3

EXERCISE 2

1.1 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2
∴ 𝑓′(𝑥) = 15𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 5
7
1.2 𝑦= + 𝑥3
𝑥
𝑦 = 7𝑥 −1 + 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑦 −7
∴ = −7𝑥 −2 + 3𝑥 2 = 2 + 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1.3 𝑓(𝑥) = (1 − 2𝑥)3
= 1 − 3(2𝑥) + 3(2𝑥)2 − (2𝑥)3
= 1 − 6𝑥 + 12𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 3
∴ 𝑓′(𝑥) = −6 + 24𝑥 − 24𝑥 2

©2024 AdMaths SA C7 EX MEMO

 53

5𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 3
2.1 𝐷𝑥 ( )
𝑥
3
= 𝐷𝑥 (5𝑥 2 − 4 + )
𝑥
= 𝐷𝑥 (5𝑥 2 − 4 + 3𝑥 −1 )
= 10𝑥 − 3𝑥 −2
3
= 10𝑥 − 2
𝑥
𝑑
2.2 (√𝑥 5 + 𝑥 5 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 5
= (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 5 )
𝑑𝑥
5 3 5
= 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 4 or 𝑥 √𝑥 + 5𝑥 4
2 2

EXERCISE 3

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 12

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4
𝑓 ′ (−1) = 2(−1) − 4 = −6

28

24
20
𝑦 = −6𝑥 + 11
16

12
(−1; 17) 8
(2; 8)
4
x
-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6

©2024 AdMaths SA C7 EX MEMO

 54
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3
∴ 𝑓′(𝑥) = −2𝑥 − 2
−2𝑥 − 2 = −1
−2𝑥 = 1
1
𝑥=−
2
1 1 2 1 3
∴ 𝑓 (− ) = − (− ) − 2 (− ) + 3 = 3
2 2 2 4
1 3
Thus at the point (− ; 3 ).
2 4
1 3
(− ; 3 )
2 4

y
4

𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3 3
2
1
x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1
-2
-3
-4 1
𝑦 = −𝑥 + 3
4

©2024 AdMaths SA C7 EX MEMO

 55

ADMATHS GRADE 11
SECTION: CALCULUS

LESSON C7: DERIVATIVE – SHORT WAY

MEMORANDUM: HOMEWORK
_____________________________________________________________

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥
1.1
∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 + 1

1.2 𝑏 = 𝑐 3 − 4𝑐 2 + 𝑐 + 6
𝑑𝑏
∴ = 3𝑐 2 − 8𝑐 + 1
𝑑𝑐
1.3 𝑦 = 5𝑥 −2 + 7
𝑑𝑦 −10
∴ = −10𝑥 −3 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥3
1
1.4 𝑔(𝑝) = √𝑝 = 𝑝2
1 1
∴ 𝑔′(𝑝) = 𝑝−2
2
1
= 1
2 𝑝2
1
=
2 √𝑝

1 4
1.5 𝑘(𝑥) = 3𝑥 4 − + + √𝑥
𝑥4 𝑥
1
= 3𝑥 4 − 𝑥 −4 + 4. 𝑥 −1 + 𝑥 2
1 1
∴ 𝑘′(𝑥) = 12𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 −5 − 4𝑥 −2 + 𝑥 − 2
2
4 4 1
= 12𝑥 3 + 5 − 2 +
𝑥 𝑥 2 √𝑥

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𝑡 − √𝑡
1.6 𝑓(𝑡) =
√𝑡
𝑡 √𝑡
= −
√𝑡 √𝑡
= √𝑡 − 1
1
= 𝑡2 −1
1 1
∴ 𝑓′(𝑡) = 𝑡 − 2
2
1
= 1
2𝑡 2
1
=
2 √𝑡
1.7 ℎ(𝑚) = 𝑚3 (2𝑚2 − 1)
= 2𝑚5 − 𝑚3
∴ ℎ′(𝑚) = 10𝑚4 − 3𝑚2

𝑎5 − 6𝑎 + 1
1.8 𝑔(𝑎) =
5𝑎6
1 6 1
= − 5+ 6
5𝑎 5𝑎 5𝑎
1 6 1
= 𝑎−1 − 𝑎−5 + 𝑎−6
5 5 5
1 6
∴ 𝑔′(𝑎) = − 𝑎−2 + 6𝑎−6 − 𝑎−7
5 5
1 6 6
=− 2+ 6− 7
5𝑎 𝑎 5𝑎

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(10 − 3 𝑘 2 )2
1.9 𝑦=
𝑘
100 − 60𝑘 2 + 9 𝑘 4
=
𝑘
100
= − 60𝑘 + 9𝑘 3
𝑘
= 100. 𝑘 −1 − 60𝑘 + 9𝑘 3
𝑑𝑦
= −100𝑘 −2 − 60 + 27𝑘 2
𝑑𝑘
−100
= − 60 + 27𝑘 2
𝑘2
3
2. 𝑦= + 1 = 3. 𝑥 −1 + 1
𝑥
Gradient of the tangent:
𝑑𝑦 −3
= −3𝑥 −2 = 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −3 −3
| = 2 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=2 2 4

3. 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4 … 
𝑑𝑦
= −2𝑥 − 3
𝑑𝑥
but the gradient = 9 (given)
⇒ −2𝑥 − 3 = 9
−2𝑥 = 12 ∴ 𝑥 = −6
Substitute 𝑥 = −6 into 
⇒ 𝑦 = −(−6)2 − 3(−6) + 4
= −36 + 18 + 4 = −14
∴ At the point (−6; −14)

4. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 … 
𝑑𝑦
= 4𝑥 − 4 = 0 (Turning point)
𝑑𝑥
∴𝑥=1
Substitute 𝑥 = 1 into  ⇒ 𝑦 = 2 (1)2 − 4(1) + 3
∴ Turning point (1; 1)

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5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 + 16. . . 

5.1 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 20 = 0 (Turning points)

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−16 ± √162 − 4 (3)(20)
=
2(3)
−16 ± √256 − 240
=
6
−16 ± 4
=
6
−20 −12
𝑥= or 𝑥=
6 6
1
𝑥 = −3 𝑥 = −2
3
1
Substitute 𝑥 = −3 into  Substitute 𝑥 = −2 into 
3
⇒ 𝑦 = 1, 2 ⇒ (−3,3; 1,2) ⇒ 𝑦 = 0 ⇒ (−2; 0)

5.2 Roots/𝑥-intercepts (𝑦 = 0)
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
∴ 𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 + 16 = 0
𝑓(−2) = −8 + 32 − 40 + 16 = 0
∴ 𝑥 + 2 is a factor.
−2|1 8 20 16
0 −2 −12 −16
1 6 8 [0]
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8)
= (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 4) = (𝑥 + 2)2 (𝑥 + 4)
∴ 𝑥 = −2 or 𝑥 = −2 or 𝑥 = −4
1
5.3 (− ∞; −3 ) and (−2; ∞)
3
1 1
5.4 (−3 ; −2) or − 3 < 𝑥 < −2
3 3
5.5 𝑦-intercept (𝑥 = 0): 𝑦 = 16

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5.6

6.

𝑓′(𝑥) = 0 at the
turning point.

NOTE:
𝑓′(𝑥) is …
• negative for 𝑥 < −1 and for 𝑥 > 6
• positive for −1 < 𝑥 < 6
• zero where 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑥 = 6

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ADMATHS GRADE 11
SECTION: CALCULUS

LESSON C8: DIFFERENTIABILITY

MEMORANDUM: EXERCISES
_____________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 1

1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. F
7. T
EXERCISE 2
y
4

1
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

-2

-3

-4

1. At 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑥 = 3.
2. At 𝑥 = −2; 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑥 = 3.
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3. At 𝑥 = −3; 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 2.
4. −2 < 𝑥 < −1; 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥 > 3
5. At 𝑥 = −1 .
6. At 𝑥 = 3.

EXERCISE 3

y
5

4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3
3

1
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 -1

-2
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 − 1 -3

1. 𝑓 is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 1.
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = −2; but 𝑓(1) does not exist ⇒ Removable discontinuity.
𝑥 → 1
2. 𝑓(𝑥) is not differentiable at 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑥 = 1.
At 𝑥 = −1:
lim 𝑓′(𝑥) = lim (1) = 1
𝑥→−1− 𝑥→−1
lim 𝑓′(𝑥) = lim (−1) = −1
𝑥→−1+ 𝑥→−1
∴ lim −𝑓′(𝑥) ≠ lim +𝑓′(𝑥)
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1

∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is not differentiable at 𝑥 = −1.

At 𝑥 = 1:

The function is discontinuous.

∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is not differentiable at 𝑥 = 1.

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ADMATHS GRADE 11
SECTION: CALCULUS

LESSON C8: DIFFERENTIABILITY

MEMORANDUM: HOMEWORK
_____________________________________________________________
1. A function 𝑓 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 𝑎 if:

I. 𝑓(𝑎) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) (Definition of continuity.)

𝑥→𝑎

and
II. 𝑓′(𝑎) exists ( lim−𝑓′(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑓′(𝑥))
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

2
2. Given: 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−3

x = 3

2.1.1 lim−𝑓(𝑥) = −∞ 2.1.3 lim 𝑓(𝑥) does not exist.

𝑥→3 𝑥→3

2.1.2 lim+𝑓(𝑥) = ∞ 2.1.4 𝑓(3) does not exist (undefined)

𝑥→3

2.2 No

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2.3 No
2.4 No, since 𝑓 is not continuous at 𝑥 = 3, 𝑓 is also not differentiable
at 𝑥 = 3.
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 if 𝑥 > −1
3. Given: 𝑔(𝑥) = { 1
𝑥+4 if 𝑥 < −1
2

g(x) = x 2 − 3x + 2
1
g(x) = x + 4
2

1 1 1
3.1.1 𝑙im−𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑙im ( 𝑥 + 4) = (−1) + 4 = 3
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1 2 2 2

3.1.2 𝑙im+𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑙im (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2)

𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1

= (−1)2 − 3(−1) + 2

=1+3+2=6

3.1.3 ∴ lim 𝑔(𝑥) does not exist

𝑥→−1

3.1.4 𝑔(−1) does not exist.

3.2 No. [2 things which do not exist cannot be compared!]

3.3.1 No.
3.3.2 Jump discontinuity

3.4 No, since 𝑔 is discontinuous at 𝑥 = −1, it is not differentiable at 𝑥 = 1.

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2
4. Given: ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥, 𝑥 ≠ 2

h(x) = x 2 − 4x

4.1.1 lim ℎ(𝑥) = −4

𝑥→2−

4.1.2 lim ℎ(𝑥) = −4

𝑥→2+

4.1.3 lim ℎ(𝑥) = −4

𝑥→2

4.1.4 ℎ(2) does not exist

4.2 No

4.3.1 No

4.3.2 Removable discontinuity

4.4. No, since ℎ is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 2 it is not differentiable at 𝑥 = 2.

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2
5. Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 − 24𝑥 if 𝑥 ≥ 2
−𝑥 if 𝑥 < 2

y = x 2 − 4x

y = − x2

5.1.1 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(−𝑥 2 ) = −(2)2 = −4

𝑥→2− 𝑥→2

5.1.2 lim+𝑓(𝑥) = lim (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) = 22 − 4(2) = −4

𝑥→2 𝑥→2

5.1.3 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = −4

𝑥→2

5.1.4 𝑓(2) = 22 − 4(2) = −4

5.2 Yes

5.3.1 Yes

5.3.2 None

5.4.1 lim 𝑓′(𝑥) = lim− (−2𝑥) = −2(2) = −4

𝑥→2− 𝑥→2

5.4.2 lim 𝑓′(𝑥) = lim+(2𝑥 − 4) = 2(2) − 4 = 0

𝑥→2+ 𝑥→2

5.4.3 ∴ lim𝑓 ′ (𝑥) does not exist

𝑥→2

5.5 No, because the derivative limit does not exist.

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1
6. Is 𝑓(𝑥) = | 3𝑥 − 1 | differentiable at 𝑥 = ? Motivate your answer.
3
y
9
8
7
f ( x ) = 3x − 1
6
5
4
3
2
1 x
-1 1 2 3 4 5
-1

1
𝑓(𝑥) = |3𝑥 − 1 | ∴ Salient point at 𝑥 =
3

1 1
𝑓 ( ) = 0 ∴ Salient point ( ; 0)
3 3

lim−𝑓(𝑥) = lim − (3𝑥 − 1)

1 1
𝑥→ 𝑥→
3 3

= lim (−3𝑥 + 1) = 0
1
𝑥→
3 Not necessary.
lim+𝑓(𝑥) = lim (3𝑥 − 1) = 0
1 1
𝑥→ 𝑥→
3 3

1
∴ lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 ( ) = 0
𝑥→
1 3
3

1
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 =
3

lim−𝑓′(𝑥) = lim(−3) = −3
1 1
𝑥→ 𝑥→
3 3

lim+𝑓′(𝑥) = lim(3) = 3
1 1
𝑥→ 𝑥→
3 3

∴ lim1𝑓′(𝑥) does not exist

𝑥→
3

1
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is not differentiable at 𝑥 = .
3

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2
7. 𝑔(𝑥) = {5 − 𝑎𝑥 if 𝑥 ≥ 1
−𝑏𝑥 + 8 if 𝑥 < 1

Continuous at 𝑥 = 1:
∴ lim− 𝑔(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔(1)
𝑥→1 𝑥→1

−𝑏(1) + 8 = 5 − 𝑎(1)2
−𝑏 + 8 = 5 − 𝑎
𝑎 − 𝑏 = −3 ①

Differentiable at 𝑥 = 1
∴ lim− 𝑔′ (𝑥) = lim+ 𝑔′ (𝑥)
𝑥→1 𝑥→1

−𝑏 = −2𝑎(1)
∴ 𝑏 = 2𝑎 ②
Subst. ② into ①: 𝑎 − 2𝑎 = −3
𝑎=3
𝑏=6

©2024 AdMaths SA C8 HW MEMO