The Gas Laws
Gases are essential for life on Earth. This lesson
explores the fundamental properties of gases
and the laws that govern their behavior.
AD
GRADE 10 SCIENCE QUARTER 4
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States of Matter
• Solid • Bose-Einstein
• Liquid Condensate
• Gas
• Plasma • Fermionic
• Condensate
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KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
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KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
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What are gases?
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Properties of Gases
Compressibility Diffusion Pressure
Gases are highly Gases readily mix Gases exert pressure
compressible due to with other gases on the walls of their
the large spaces because their containers due to the
between their molecules move collisions of their
molecules. rapidly and molecules.
randomly.
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Measurable Properties of Gases
1 Volume (V)
The space occupied by a gas, measured in liters (L).
2 Pressure (P)
The force exerted by a gas per unit area, measured in pascals (Pa).
3 Temperature (T)
The average kinetic energy of gas molecules, measured in Kelvin (K).
4 Amount (n)
The number of moles of gas, representing the amount of gas present.
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Boyle's Law:
Volume-Pressure
Relationship
Inverse Relationship Mathematical Expression
At constant temperature, P₁V₁ = P₂V₂,
the volume of a gas is
inversely proportional to where P and V represent
its pressure. initial and final pressure
and volume.
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Practice Problem
1. A scuba diver’s tank contains 8.0 L of air at a pressure of 150 atm.
If the diver releases some air, reducing the pressure to 100 atm,
what will be the new volume of the air?
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Charles' Law:
Volume-Temperature
Relationship
Direct Relationship Mathematical Expression
At constant pressure, the volume V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂,
of a gas is directly proportional to
its Kelvin temperature. where V and T represent initial
and final volume and
temperature.
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Gay-Lussac's Law:
Temperature-Pressure
Relationship
Direct Relationship Mathematical Expression
At constant volume, the P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂,
pressure of a gas is directly
proportional to its Kelvin where P and T represent
temperature. initial and final pressure and
temperature.
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Combined Gas Law
Combined Relationship Mathematical Expression
The combined gas law (P₁V₁)/T₁ = (P₂V₂)/T₂,
combines Boyle's,
Charles's, and Gay- where P, V, and T
Lussac's laws into a single represent initial and final
equation. pressure, volume, and
temperature.
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Applications of Gas Laws
Breathing Hot Air Balloons Scuba Diving
Boyle's Law explains how our lungs Charles' Law explains how hot air Divers must understand how
expand and contract during balloons rise when the air inside is pressure changes with depth to avoid
breathing. heated. decompression sickness.
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