Name: _________________
Date: _____________
Bonding Practice Test
37 marks; 56 minutes IB time
Paper 1: Multiple Choice [Total 10]
Circle the best answer.
1. Which combination would create the strongest ionic bond?
2. Which statements are correct for the bonds between two carbon atoms?
I. Single bonds are longer than triple bonds.
II. Single bonds are stronger than double bonds.
III. Triple bonds are stronger than double bonds.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
3. Which bonds are arranged in order of increasing polarity?
A. H–F H–Cl H–Br H–I
B. H–I H–Br H–F H–Cl
C. H–I H–Br H–Cl H–F
D. H–Br H–I H–Cl H–F
4. The diagrams below show and orbitals in different positions. Which
combinations can form a -bond?
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
1
5. Which is the correct order based on increasing strength?
A. covalent bonds < hydrogen bonds < dipole–dipole forces < dispersion forces
B. dipole–dipole forces < dispersion forces < hydrogen bonds < covalent bonds
C. dispersion forces < dipole–dipole forces < hydrogen bonds < covalent bonds
D. dispersion forces < dipole–dipole forces < covalent bonds < hydrogen bonds
6. Diamond, C60 fullerene and graphite are allotropes of carbon. Which
statements are correct about these allotropes?
I. In diamond each carbon is held in a tetrahedral arrangement.
II. In C60 fullerene each carbon is held in a trigonal arrangement.
III. In graphite each carbon is held in a tetrahedral arrangement.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
7. How do the bond angles in , and compare?
8. Which combination correctly describes the geometry of BrF4−?
2
9. How many carbon atoms are sp3, sp2 and sp hybridized in the molecule?
10. Which monomer could create this polymer?
Monomer
A. C.
Propene
But-2-ene
B. D.
But-1-ene
2-chloro-prop-1-ene
3
Paper 2: Short Answer [Total 25]
Write your answer in the space provided.
11. Some metals can form either ionic or covalent bonds.
a. Name and state the bonding for the following 2 aluminum
compounds.
[2 marks]
AlCl3 AlF3
Name
Bonding
b. In pure aluminum describe the electrostatic attraction that creates
the bond. [1 mark]
c. Explain why aluminum can conduct electricity as a solid. [1 mark]
d. Explain why an aluminum-magnesium alloy is less malleable than
pure aluminum. [2
marks]
4
5
12. Phosphorus forms two chlorides, and .
a. Deduce the Lewis structures for and . [2 marks]
b. Deduce the electron domain and molecular geometry using VSEPR
theory and estimate the Cl–P–Cl bond angle in PCl3. [3
marks]
c. Identify the type of hybridization present in . [1 mark]
6
d. Compare the melting points of and and explain the
difference.
[3 marks]
e. Outline the reason why PCl5 is a non-polar molecule, while PCl4F is
polar.
[3 marks]
7
13. Oxygen can form 2 different molecules with itself, elemental
oxygen, O2, and ozone, O3.
a. Draw the Lewis Structure for each O2 and O3. [3
marks]
b. Identify which molecule has a stronger O-O bond. Explain. [2
marks]
c. Explain the delocalization of electrons using the molecule. [2
marks]
8
14. Kevlar® is used to make racing tires.
Draw the structure of the monomers of Kevlar® if the by-product of the condensation
polymerization is hydrogen chloride, (HCl) not water. [2 marks]
Printed for Ridley College
© International Baccalaureate Organization 2018
International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato
Internacional®
9
Bonding Practice Test Answers
37 marks; 56 minutes IB time
Paper 1: Multiple Choice [Total 10]
Circle the best answer.
1. Which combination would create the strongest ionic bond? C
2. Which statements are correct for the bonds between two carbon atoms?
I. Single bonds are longer than triple bonds.
II. Single bonds are stronger than double bonds.
III. Triple bonds are stronger than double bonds.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
3. Which bonds are arranged in order of increasing polarity?
A. H–F H–Cl H–Br H–I
B. H–I H–Br H–F H–Cl
C. H–I H–Br H–Cl H–F
D. H–Br H–I H–Cl H–F
4. The diagrams below show and orbitals in different positions. Which
combinations can form a -bond?
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
10
5. Which is the correct order based on increasing strength?
A. covalent bonds < hydrogen bonds < dipole–dipole forces < dispersion forces
B. dipole–dipole forces < dispersion forces < hydrogen bonds < covalent bonds
C. dispersion forces < dipole–dipole forces < hydrogen bonds < covalent bonds
D. dispersion forces < dipole–dipole forces < covalent bonds < hydrogen bonds
6. Diamond, C60 fullerene and graphite are allotropes of carbon. Which
statements are correct about these allotropes?
I. In diamond each carbon is held in a tetrahedral arrangement.
II. In C60 fullerene each carbon is held in a trigonal arrangement.
III. In graphite each carbon is held in a tetrahedral arrangement.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
7. How do the bond angles in , and compare? D
8. Which combination correctly describes the geometry of BrF4−? C
11
9. How many carbon atoms are sp3, sp2 and sp hybridized in the molecule? A
10. Which monomer could create this polymer?
Monomer
A. C.
Propene
But-2-ene
B. D.
But-1-ene
2-chloro-prop-1-ene
12
Paper 2: Short Answer [Total 25]
Write your answer in the space provided.
11. Some metals can form either ionic or covalent bonds.
a. Name and state the bonding for the following 2 aluminum
compounds.
[2 marks]
AlCl3 AlF3
Name Aluminum trichloride Aluminum fluoride
Bonding covalent ionic
b. In pure aluminum describe the electrostatic attraction that creates
the bond. [1 mark]
Attraction between positive cation <nuclei> and <a sea> of delocalized
electrons
c. Explain why aluminum can conduct electricity as a solid. [1 mark]
The delocalized electrons are free moving and can carry a charge.
d. Explain why an aluminum-magnesium alloy is less malleable than
pure aluminum. [2
marks]
magnesium atoms/ions distort the regular arrangement of atoms/ions
OR
magnesium atoms/ions are a different size to aluminium «atoms/ions»
prevent layers sliding over each other
Accept diagram showing different sizes of atoms/ions.
13
12. Phosphorus forms two chlorides, and .
a. Deduce the Lewis structures for and . [2 marks]
;
Penalize missing lone pairs on chlorine only once.
Accept any combination of lines, dots or crosses to represent electron
pairs.
b. Deduce the electron domain and molecular geometry using
VSEPR theory and estimate the Cl–P–Cl bond angle in PCl 3. [3
marks]
Electron domain geometry: tetrahedral
Molecular geometry: trigonal pyramidal
Bond angle: <109.5o <107.5o>
c. Identify the type of hybridization present in . [1 mark]
(hybridization);
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a. Compare the melting points of and and explain
the difference. [3 marks]
has higher melting point than ;
has stronger intermolecular/London/dispersion/van der Waals’ forces;
(because of) more electrons/greater mass;
Accept the opposite argument for PCl3.
Award [full marks] for answers suggesting PCl3 has higher melting point
because it is polar (must say dipole-dipole) and PCl 5 is not; with a statement as
to why polarity increases melting point.
b. Outline the reason why PCl5 is a non-polar molecule, while
PCl4F is polar. [3
marks]
PCl5 is symmetrical;
All the bonds cancle;
PCl4Fis asymmetrical;
The P-F bond has a greater electronegativity creating a more negative end to
the molecule.
15
13. Oxygen can form 2 different molecules with itself, elemental
oxygen, O2, and ozone, O3.
a. Draw the Lewis Structure for each O2 and O3. [3 marks]
b. Identify which molecule has a stronger O-O bond.
Explain. [2 marks]
Oxygen <O2>;
O2 bond order = 2 and O3 bond order = 1.5/ Oxygen has
a double bond and ozone has a longer 1.5 bond
c. Explain the delocalization of electrons using the
molecule. [2 marks]
overlap of orbitals / electrons of double/ bond and
non-bonding/lone pair on oxygen interact / OWTTE;
electrons not localized / different resonance structures
possible /
;
both bonds/O–O and O=O have equal length / OWTTE;
both bonds/O–O and O=O have equal bond energy /
OWTTE;
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14. Kevlar® is used to make racing tires.
Draw the structure of the monomers of Kevlar® if the by-product of the condensation
polymerization is hydrogen chloride. [2 marks]
Markscheme
17
