BIOLOGY TEST PAPER ( Questions Banks by Ajeigbe Segun Joseph)

TOPIC: NUTRITION, RESPIRATION, AND METABOLISM

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer all questions. Circle the correct option (A, B, C, or D)

1. What type of nutrition does Paramecium exhibit?

A) Holophytic

B) Holozoic

C) Saprophytic

D) Chemosynthetic

2. How does Paramecium obtain its food?

A) By photosynthesis

B) By engulfing food with pseudopodia

C) By beating cilia to sweep food into the gullet

D) By absorbing nutrients from water

3. What structure helps Paramecium move?

A) Flagella

B) Cilia

C) Pseudopodia

D) Vacuole

4. The organelle responsible for digesting food in Paramecium is the:

A) Mitochondrion

B) Food vacuole

C) Chloroplast

D) Nucleus

5. Spirogyra exhibits which type of nutrition?

A) Holozoic
B) Saprophytic

C) Photosynthetic

D) Parasitic

6. What pigment enables Spirogyra to carry out photosynthesis?

A) Carotene

B) Xanthophyll

C) Chlorophyll

D) Hemoglobin

7. What is the primary function of the pyrenoid in Spirogyra?

A) Digestion

B) Storage of starch

C) Water regulation

D) Movement

8. The main gaseous exchange in Spirogyra occurs through the:

A) Nucleus

B) Pyrenoid

C) Cell wall

D) Chloroplast

9. Amoeba feeds using a process called:

A) Phagocytosis

B) Osmosis

C) Diffusion

D) Photosynthesis

10. The structure in Amoeba responsible for excreting excess water is:

A) Food vacuole

B) Nucleus

C) Contractile vacuole
D) Pseudopodia

11. What is the main function of the food vacuole in Amoeba?

A) Storage of waste

B) Digestion

C) Locomotion

D) Respiration

12. In Paramecium, undigested food is expelled through the:

A) Cell membrane

B) Cytoplasm

C) Anal pore

D) Flagella

13. Cellular respiration occurs to:

A) Store genetic material

B) Release energy from glucose

C) Transport oxygen

D) Absorb water

14. What is the energy currency of cells?

A) NADH

B) ATP

C) Glucose

D) Pyruvate

15. Aerobic respiration requires:

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Oxygen

C) Nitrogen

D) Hydrogen

16. Which of these is the equation for aerobic respiration?

B) CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

C) C₆H₁₂O₆ → Alcohol + CO₂ + Energy

D) O₂ + H₂O → H₂O₂

17. What are the two types of respiration?

A) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle

B) Aerobic and anaerobic

C) Photosynthesis and respiration

D) Inhalation and exhalation

18. Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of:

A) Glucose

B) ATP

C) Oxygen

D) Water

19. In yeast, anaerobic respiration produces:

A) Lactic acid

B) Alcohol and carbon dioxide

C) Oxygen

D) Water

20. What is the first stage of glucose breakdown in respiration?

A) Krebs cycle

B) Glycolysis

C) Fermentation

D) Electron transport chain

21. What are enzymes made of?

A) Carbohydrates

B) Proteins
C) Lipids

D) Nucleic acids

22. The function of enzymes is to:

A) Store energy

B) Speed up chemical reactions

C) Provide structure to cells

D) Absorb nutrients

23. Enzymes function by:

A) Changing their chemical composition

B) Lowering activation energy

C) Raising temperature

D) Increasing pH

24. Which factor affects enzyme activity?

A) Temperature

B) pH

C) Substrate concentration

D) All of the above

25. Plants obtain most of their mineral salts from:

A) Air

B) Water

C) Soil

D) Sunlight

26. Macro-nutrients are required in:

A) Large amounts

B) Small amounts

C) Equal amounts as micro-nutrients

D) Not needed
27. Which of these is a macro-nutrient?

A) Zinc

B) Copper

C) Nitrogen

D) Manganese

28. Micro-nutrients are also called:

A) Trace elements

B) Major elements

C) Essential nutrients

D) Growth regulators

29. Which of these is a micro-nutrient?

A) Potassium

B) Phosphorus

C) Molybdenum

D) Calcium

30. Metabolism consists of:

A) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle

B) Photosynthesis and respiration

C) Anabolism and catabolism

D) Absorption and excretion

31. Anabolism involves:

A) Breaking down molecules

B) Building complex molecules

C) Storing waste

D) Producing ATP

32. An example of anabolism is:

A) Digestion
B) Protein synthesis

C) Fermentation

D) Glycolysis

33. Catabolism is the:

A) Absorption of nutrients

B) Breakdown of molecules

C) Transport of enzymes

D) Formation of glucose

34. An example of catabolism is:

A) Photosynthesis

B) Breakdown of starch

C) Formation of glycogen

D) Protein synthesis

35. Which box in the fertilizer experiment had healthy plants?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) None

36. What was observed in Box B?

A) Healthy plants

B) Soft stems and few leaves

C) Yellow leaves

D) No growth

37. What was Box C treated with?

A) Fertilizer

B) Water only

C) Excess fertilizer
D) Pesticides

38. Which respiration process produces more ATP?

A) Aerobic

B) Anaerobic

C) Fermentation

D) Photosynthesis

39. What gas was absorbed by sodium hydroxide in the experiment?

A) Oxygen

B) Carbon dioxide

C) Nitrogen

D) Hydrogen

40. The flask containing the rat was:

A) X

B) Y

C) Z

D) None

41. What change occurred in the lime water?

A) It turned milky

B) It turned blue

C) It remained clear

D) It evaporated

42. What was the conclusion of the respiration experiment?

A) Oxygen is produced

B) Carbon dioxide is produced

C) ATP is stored

D) No gases are produced

A) Photosynthesis

B) Respiration

C) Transpiration

D) Fermentation

44. Which of the following is a by-product of aerobic respiration?

A) Alcohol

B) Carbon dioxide

C) Lactic acid

D) Oxygen

45. Which of the following occurs only in anaerobic respiration?

A) Water is produced

B) Alcohol is formed

C) ATP is synthesized

D) Oxygen is used

46. What is the main function of ATP in cells?

A) Storing genetic material

B) Transporting oxygen

C) Providing energy

D) Excreting waste

47. Which of these is the correct chemical equation for anaerobic respiration
in yeast?

A) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy

B) C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂ + Energy

C) CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

D) C₆H₁₂O₆ → Lactic acid + Energy

A) Mitochondria

B) Cytoplasm

C) Chloroplast

D) Nucleus

49. Which of the following occurs in the mitochondria?

A) Glycolysis

B) Krebs cycle

C) Fermentation

D) Photosynthesis

50. What is the end product of glycolysis?

A) ATP

B) Pyruvate

C) Glucose

D) Oxygen

51. In anaerobic respiration, what accumulates in human muscle cells?

A) Alcohol

B) Lactic acid

C) Carbon dioxide

D) Water

52. Which of the following processes takes place in plant leaves?

A) Glycolysis

B) Photosynthesis

C) Fermentation

D) Respiration only

53. The function of a contractile vacuole in Amoeba is to:

A) Store food
B) Expel excess water

C) Digest nutrients

D) Control movement

54. In Amoeba, food is digested:

A) In the nucleus

B) Inside food vacuoles

C) In the mitochondria

D) In the cytoplasm

55. Which of the following is an anabolic process?

A) Glycolysis

B) Photosynthesis

C) Fermentation

D) Lactic acid production

56. What mineral nutrient is essential for chlorophyll production?

A) Iron

B) Magnesium

C) Calcium

D) Potassium

57. The deficiency of nitrogen in plants causes:

A) Yellowing of leaves

B) Purple stems

C) Wilting

D) Browning of roots

58. Which of these is NOT a macronutrient?

A) Calcium

B) Nitrogen

C) Zinc
D) Phosphorus

59. Which of the following is needed in small amounts by plants?

A) Carbon

B) Hydrogen

C) Manganese

D) Oxygen

60. Which of the following best describes metabolism?

A) The process of excretion

B) The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell

C) The breakdown of food

D) The movement of water

61. Which process releases energy in living cells?

A) Photosynthesis

B) Respiration

C) Transpiration

D) Osmosis

62. What was the role of sodium hydroxide in the respiration experiment?

A) To absorb carbon dioxide

B) To release oxygen

C) To absorb water

D) To turn the lime water milky

63. The experiment with lime water turning milky demonstrated:

A) Oxygen release

B) Carbon dioxide production

C) Water formation

D) Heat generation

64. In which organelle does most aerobic respiration take place?

B) Cytoplasm

C) Mitochondria

D) Chloroplast

65. Which part of Paramecium is involved in locomotion?

A) Flagella

B) Cilia

C) Pseudopodia

D) Endoplasm

66. What do enzymes do in biological reactions?

A) Increase temperature

B) Act as catalysts

C) Store energy

D) Absorb oxygen

67. What type of respiration produces more ATP?

A) Aerobic

B) Anaerobic

C) Fermentation

D) Photosynthesis

68. Which of the following is a characteristic of anaerobic respiration?

A) Uses oxygen

B) Produces more energy than aerobic respiration

C) Takes place in mitochondria

D) Produces lactic acid or alcohol

69. What was observed in the plant seedlings of Box C in the fertilizer
experiment?

A) Rapid growth
B) Normal development

C) Stunted growth and yellow leaves

D) Elongated and weak stems

70. Which of these is a function of mineral salts in plants?

A) Providing energy

B) Controlling photosynthesis

C) Supporting healthy growth and development

D) Absorbing water

71. Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

A) Mitochondria

B) Cytoplasm

C) Chloroplast

D) Nucleus

72. What is the net gain of ATP molecules in glycolysis?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

73. What is the end product of glycolysis?

A) Acetyl-CoA

B) Pyruvate

C) Glucose

D) NADH

74. Which of the following is required for glycolysis to occur?

A) Oxygen

B) ATP

C) Carbon dioxide
D) Acetyl-CoA

75. How many ATP molecules are used in the first stage of glycolysis?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

76. In glycolysis, glucose is first converted into:

A) Pyruvate

B) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

C) Acetyl-CoA

D) Oxaloacetate

77. How many NADH molecules are produced per glucose molecule in
glycolysis?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

78. Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-

A) Hexokinase

B) Phosphofructokinase

C) Pyruvate kinase

D) Aldolase

79. The enzyme that regulates glycolysis by controlling the rate of glucose
breakdown is:

A) Pyruvate kinase

B) Phosphofructokinase

C) Hexokinase
D) ATP synthase

80. The link reaction between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle converts
pyruvate into:

A) Acetyl-CoA

B) Oxaloacetate

C) NADH

D) ATP

81. Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

A) Cytoplasm

B) Mitochondrial matrix

C) Inner mitochondrial membrane

D) Nucleus

82. What molecule enters the Krebs cycle from glycolysis?

A) Glucose

B) Pyruvate

C) Acetyl-CoA

D) NADH

83. What is the first product formed in the Krebs cycle?

A) Pyruvate

B) Citrate

C) Oxaloacetate

D) Acetyl-CoA

84. How many ATP molecules are directly produced per turn of the Krebs
cycle?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3
D) 4

95. How many NADH molecules are generated per glucose molecule in the
Krebs cycle?

A) 2

B) 4

C) 6

D) 8

86. Which of the following is a product of the Krebs cycle?

A) Oxygen

B) Lactic acid

C) Carbon dioxide

D) Glucose

87. What is the role of NADH and FADH₂ in cellular respiration?

A) Store energy

B) Act as enzymes

C) Transport electrons to the electron transport chain

D) Convert glucose to ATP

88. The number of FADH₂ molecules produced per turn of the Krebs cycle is:

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

89. The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is:

A) Oxygen

B) Carbon dioxide

C) NADH

D) ATP
90. What is the primary purpose of the Krebs cycle?

A) To produce glucose

B) To generate ATP directly

C) To produce electron carriers (NADH and FADH₂)

D) To break down lactic acid

91. How many carbon atoms does acetyl-CoA contain?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

92. Which of the following is regenerated at the end of the Krebs cycle?

A) NADH

B) FADH₂

C) Oxaloacetate

D) Pyruvate

93. What happens to the carbon atoms in glucose by the end of the Krebs
cycle?

A) They are stored as ATP

B) They are converted to carbon dioxide

C) They remain in the mitochondria

D) They are converted into NADH

94. The enzyme responsible for the production of ATP in cellular respiration
is:

A) Pyruvate kinase

B) ATP synthase

C) Phosphofructokinase

D) Hexokinase
95. Which of the following is NOT an intermediate of the Krebs cycle?

A) Citrate

B) Succinate

C) Pyruvate

D) Alpha-ketoglutarate

96. How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in the
Krebs cycle?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

97. How many times does the Krebs cycle turn per molecule of glucose?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

98. What is the total ATP yield from glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the
electron transport chain per molecule of glucose?

A) 12

B) 24

C) 32-38

D) 50

99. Which molecule acts as the final energy carrier from glycolysis and the
Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain?

A) ATP

B) NADH

C) Pyruvate

D) Oxygen
100. Which coenzyme is required for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-
CoA?

A) Coenzyme Q

B) Coenzyme A

C) NAD+

D) FAD