WRITING TASK 2: CAUSE, EFFECT, SOLUTION ESSAYS
1. TEMPLATE FOR REASONS- SOLUTIONS
Introduction: It is true that/ It is obvious that….. There are a number of reasons/ various
reasons behind this phenomenon/ situation/ tendency/ trend/ view / This leading tendency is
caused by several factors and several solutions should be adopted ( by governments and
individuals) to/ in order to improve/ enhance/ develop the situation.
Body: paragraph 1: There are two primary/ principal/ major reasons why the ……..
one reason is that……
furthermore/ additionally……
paragraph 2: Fortunately, several measures/ solutions could be taken to prevent/
avoid/ deal with / face with/ cope with/ reduce/ eliminate this problem/ issue.
the first solution would be…..
the second measure would be
Conclusion: In conclusion, it is clear that / it seems to be that/ there are various reasons
for….., and steps need to be taken to tackle/ deal with this problem/ phenomenon.
2. TEMPLATE FOR PROBLEMS- SOLUTIONS
Introduction: It is true that….. There are a number of problems/ Several problems have
resulted from this tendency and they should be tackled by a number of effective solutions
from……..
It is obvious that ……. My essay will elaborate on causes and solutions to this trend.
paragraph 1: As….. several related problems can be anticipated/ There are several reasons for
….
the main/ principal/ major issue is that……..
another problem is that…..
paragraph 2: Since such issues/ problems are serious, both the government and individuals /
the government as well as individuals should take steps immediately to address/ solve/ deal
with/ tackle these problems/ Solutions are various.
The first solution would be…./ One step forward is to….
A second measure would be/ Another solution/ measure probably is ….
Conclusion: In conclusion, there are various negative consequences of / adverse consequences
of ….. and appropriate steps need to be taken to / in order to tackle/ address these problems, not
only by the government but also by individuals.
3. TEMPLATE FOR CAUSES- EFFECTS
Introduction: No one can deny the fact that/ It is undoubted that …………. However,
many people today have the tendency of………………. This essay will examine the causes as
well as the problems related to this tendency/ practice.
Body 1 (question 1) Listing reasons, examples There are a number of reasons for this
trend. To begin with………………… Therefore…………………… Another contributing
factor to mention is that…………For instance/ example………………….
Body 2 (question 2) Analyze the effects Unluckily/ Unsurprisingly, there are some
serious/ significant problems should be concerned. The first and most important is
that………….For example,…………..Another problem no less important is
that…………………….. …
Conclusion: In conclusion/ From what has been discussed………. It is advised
that……………….
IV. GENERATING IDEAS FOR CAUSES- EFFECTS ESSAY
EXAMPLE: Childhood obesity is becoming a serious problem in many countries. Explain the
main causes and effects of this problem, and suggest some possible solutions
Causes
- Genetic factors
- Sedentary lifestyle: (Lack of physical activity/children spend a lot of time watching TV,
Playing computer games…)
- Unhealthy eating patterns/ habits (eating fast food/ drinking high-calorie beverages…)
Effects
- Physical health problems: high cholesterol, high blood pressure, early heart disease,
diabetes….
- Loss of productivity
- Depression and mental disorders.
Solutions
Parents/ schools/ governments are responsibility to…
Provide children healthy food/ control what they eat/ limit junk food advertising…
Limit the time they spend playing computers and video games/ encourage them to take
regular exercise.
VI. LANGUAGE NOTE FOR CAUSES – EFFECTS- SOLUTIONS ESSAYS
1. Cause- Effect Specific Vocabulary
- A cause of/ a reason for
Obesity is a cause of / a reason for premature death.
- Affects/ influences
Media coverage effects/ influences voting patterns
- Leads to/ gives rise to/ brings about
Media coverage leads to/ gives rise to/ brings about changes in voting patterns
- To be affected/ influenced by
Voting patterns are affected/ are influenced by media coverage.
- Cause(s)/ produce(s)/ result(s)
Stress causes/ produces/ results in low exam scores
- To be caused by/ produced by/ result from/ stem from/ derive from
Low exam scores are caused by/ are produced by/ result from stress
- To be a consequence of/ to be a result of/ to be due to/ the effect of
Low exam scores are a consequence of/ are a result of/ are due to/ the effect of stress
- As a result of/ as a consequence of
As a result of/ as a consequence of constant economic instability, currency crashes occur.
- As a result,/ As a consequence,/ Consequently,/ Thus,/ Therefore,/ Hence,/ For this reason
This is constant economic instability. As a result,/ As a consequence,/ Consequently,/ Thus,/
Therefore,/ Hence,/ For this reason, currency crashes occur.
- Because/ Since/ As
Because/ Since/ As some areas faces extreme weather conditions, there is damaging to property
Owing to/ On account of/ Because of/ Due to the fact that some areas face extreme weather
conditions, there is damaging to property.
- To be the cause of something
- To be the reason for something
- to be the contribution to something
- to be (partly/mainly) caused by
- to lead to/ to cause something/ to contribute to something/ to result in
- to result from/ stem from/ derive from
2. Solution Specific Vocabulary
- to be the solution to something
- to be the remedy for/to something
- to (partly)solve/tackle/handle/ deal with the problem
-To alleviate/mitigate/improve the situation
- Steps/ measures should be taken to solve/combat/ overcome/deal with eradicate …
- Serious attempts to halt/prevent/solve must be made.
- Drastic steps/measures should be taken to deal with/handle/tackle the problems of…..
- It’s the government’s duty/responsibility to V
- The government/authority is supposed to V
- Another/an alternative/one (possible) way to solve/combat/ overcome/deal with eradicate …
the problem of… is/would be…
- People/Governments/we should focus our/ their attention to solve/overcome the problem –
- People/Governments/we should focus our/ their attention to improve the situation of…
- People/Governments/we should focus our/ their attention to reduce the impact of… on society
- If steps/measures were taken, the effects/result/consequence would be…
- If attempts were made to address the problem, the effects/result/consequence would be…
- By+ -ing, we/government can ensure that/ prevent…
- The … situation could be improved if….
- It would be a good idea if…
- The effect/consequence/outcome/result of… would be …
