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1 Diagram A is a branching key that can be used to identify different types of crustaceans.
diagram A
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Diagram B shows six crustaceans.
Use the key in diagram A to identify the six different types of crustacean.
Write the letters on the lines in diagram B.
diagram B
[5]
[Total: 5]
2 Describe one way in which all vertebrates differ from arthropods.
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[Total: 1]
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3 State the genus of Quercus robur.
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[Total: 1]
4 The population size of the avocet bird (Recurvirostra avosetta) was reduced to zero in one country.
After more than 100 years, conservation has helped the number of avocet birds in this country to
increase again.
State the genus of the avocet bird.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
5 Xylem tissue is used for transport and support in plants.
Describe how the structure of xylem tissue is adapted for these functions.
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[Total: 3]
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6 The diagram shows a section through a plant leaf.
Draw a label line and a label to identify:
• a palisade mesophyll cell
• a vacuole. [2]
[Total: 2]
7 State the names of two different types of plant cell.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
8 The table shows some of the features of diffusion, osmosis and active transport.
Place ticks ( ✓ ) in the boxes to show the correct features of each process.
takes place against substances can
requires energy always involves the
a concentration cross the cell
from respiration movement of water
gradient membrane
diffusion
osmosis
active transport
[4]
[Total: 4]
5
9 A student used a potato as a source of plant tissue. The student cut six cylinder-shaped pieces
from the potato. Each potato cylinder had the same diameter.
Each potato cylinder was immersed in either water or one of five different concentrations of sugar
solution.
The student measured the length of the potato cylinders before immersion and after being immersed
for 30 minutes.
The table shows the results.
concentration of sugar length of potato cylinder length of potato cylinder change in length of
solution before immersion after immersion potato cylinder
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/ mol per dm / mm / mm / mm
0.0 49.5 52.0 + 2.5
0.2 50.0 52.0 + 2.0
0.4 50.5 51.5 + 1.0
0.6 50.5 51.0 + 0.5
0.8 50.0 49.0
1.0 50.0 49.5 - 1.5
Use the information in the table to calculate the change in length of the potato cylinder immersed
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in the 0.8 mol per dm sugar solution.
................................................... m m [1]
[Total: 1]
10 State the name of the process where molecules move down a concentration gradient.
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[Total: 1]
11 State the name of two large carbohydrate molecules found in plants that can be made from glucose.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
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12 Plants can make glucose and proteins.
Using the words from the list, complete the table to show all of the chemical elements that are found
in glucose and all proteins.
Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.
carbon hydrogen oxygen
nitrogen magnesium
glucose all proteins
[2]
[Total: 2]
13 Complete the sentences.
Seeds contain proteins for the .............................................. of developing shoots
and roots. Proteins contain the elements .............................................. , oxygen,
.............................................. and nitrogen.
The new leaves of a seedling need the mineral ion .............................................. to make the
green pigment .............................................. .
This green pigment is needed to carry out the process of .............................................., in
the presence of light. [6]
[Total: 6]
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14 Red blood cells contain the protein haemoglobin.
State the names of the four chemical elements that are found in all proteins.
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[Total: 2]
15 Pathogens in food can cause diarrhoea.
Describe ways of preventing the spread of diseases that are caused by pathogens in food.
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[Total: 4]
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16 The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects and destroys lymphocytes.
The number of lymphocytes in the blood of a person infected with HIV was measured over a period
of 84 months.
The results are shown in the graph.
Use the information shown in the graph to calculate the percentage change in the number of
lymphocytes from month 10 to month 60.
Give your answer to two significant figures.
Space for working.
...................................................... % [3]
[Total: 3]
9
17 Carbon dioxide is one of the components of inspired and expired air.
State the name of the chemical used to test for the presence of carbon dioxide.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
18 Complete the sentences about the differences between inspired and expired air.
Inspired air contains .......................................... oxygen than expired air.
Inspired air contains .......................................... carbon dioxide than expired air.
The concentration of water .......................................... in inspired and expired air varies. [3]
[Total: 3]
19 State the name of the part of the body through which air enters and leaves.
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[Total: 1]
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20 The diagram shows the human gas exchange system.
The list shows the names of some of the parts of the human gas exchange system.
alveolus bronchiole bronchus diaphragm
larynx rib trachea
Use the words from the list to label the diagram.
You do not need to use every word.
Write your answers on the answer lines provided in the diagram.. [5]
[Total: 5]
21 Complete the sentences about the features of the human gas exchange system.
Gas exchange surfaces have a ................................................ surface area.
The distance across the gas exchange surfaces is very ................................................ .
The gas exchange system has a ................................................ blood supply and good
................................................ with air. [4]
[Total: 4]
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22 The diagram shows part of the gas exchange system in the lungs of a human.
State the name of structure W in the diagram.
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[Total: 1]
23 Describe the changes to a person’s breathing during exercise.
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[Total: 2]
24 Alveoli are gas exchange surfaces.
State two features that make alveoli good gas exchange surfaces.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
12
25 Insulin is one of many human proteins that are made by genetically engineered bacteria.
Some people cannot produce insulin because their immune system has destroyed the cells that
make insulin.
State the name of the disease caused by the destruction of these cells.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
13
26 Antibodies are proteins that are produced by lymphocytes. Antitoxins are antibodies which neutralise
the toxins released by some bacteria.
The transmissible disease diphtheria is caused by a bacterium that releases a toxin that can cause
serious damage to the body.
A person is suspected of having caught diphtheria.
At a clinic, the person is given an injection of antitoxin antibodies that provide protection against
the diphtheria toxin. She is also given an injection of the vaccine for diphtheria.
A few weeks later she is given a second injection of the diphtheria vaccine.
The graph shows the changes in concentration of the antitoxin antibodies and the antibodies
produced in response to the vaccine.
injection of antitoxin antibodies
key:
concentration
antitoxin antibodies
of antibodies
in the blood second antibodies produced in
injection of response to vaccination
vaccine
first injection
of vaccine
time
Explain the advantage of giving the person an injection of antitoxin antibodies.
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[Total: 2]
14
27 Eyelashes and eyelids are mechanical barriers that help to prevent particles and pathogens entering
the eye.
Give two other mechanical barriers that defend the body against pathogens.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
15
28 The human body has several defences against pathogens.
These can be mechanical barriers, chemical barriers or responses by cells.
The boxes on the left are examples of body defences.
The boxes on the right are the different types of defence.
Draw one line to link each example to the correct type of defence.
Draw four lines.
example type of defence
antibody production
chemical
hairs in the nose
mechanical
phagocytosis
response by cells
stomach acid
[4]
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[Total: 4]
17
29 Pathogens cause disease.
The diagram shows some cells that are part of the human immune system. These cells are
responding to one type of pathogen.
Explain how the immune system responds to an invasion of pathogens.
Use the letters in the diagram in your answer.
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[Total: 6]
30 The sentences describe how pathogens can be transmitted.
Complete the sentences using words from the list.
Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.
AIDS blood disease
food HIV inherited
Pathogens for a transmissible ............................................... may be transmitted through
direct contact, for example through ............................................... or other body fluids.
They can also be transmitted indirectly through contaminated surfaces,
............................................... , animals, or from the air. [3]
[Total: 3]
31 The body has defences against infections caused by pathogens.
State three body defences that prevent pathogens from entering the body.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
3 ............................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 3]
