Name of the Student: Roll No:
Experiment No.– 8
Date of Performance:
Date of Submission:
Execution/ Timely
correction/ Viva Experiment
Submission Sign with Date
(06) (03) Total (10)
(01)
Experiment No.-8
UV -Visible Spectroscopy
8.1 Aim: To measure the absorbance of the sample at different wavelengths
8.2 Course Outcome: Categorize the ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum used for instrumental
methods of analysis and explain the applications of absorption and emission spectra
8.3 Learning Objectives:
1. Apply principle of UV-Visible spectroscopy.
2. Prepare conducting polymer by chemical polymerization.
8.4 Requirement:
Equipment/Materials: UV-Visible spectrophotometer
Two cuvettes
Beakers (100ml, 50 ml)
Pipettes
Volumetric flask
Electronic balance
Stopwatch
Chemicals: Aniline
1N Hydrochloric Acid
Ammonium peroxydisulphate
Applied Chemistry Lab A. Y. 2024-2025
Experiment No.-8
UV -Visible Spectroscopy
8.5 Related Theory: UV-Visible spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the absorption and
transmission of ultraviolet and visible light by a sample. The method provides insights into the electronic
structure and molecular composition of the substances. When UV or visible light passes through a
sample, molecules absorb specific wavelengths of light. This absorption corresponds to the transition of
electrons from a lower energy level (ground state) to a higher energy level (excited state). As atoms and
molecules have mostly unique energy configurations so UV-Visible spectra can be used for
identification. Spectroscopy can be used to quantify the amount of material present in an unknown
solution as absorption is proportional to the concentration.
Electronic transitions:
σ → σ* Transitions: Involve high-energy absorptions typically found in compounds with
single bonds (e.g., alkanes).
n → σ* Transitions: Involve non-bonding electrons, such as those in lone pairs, to anti-
bonding σ* orbitals.
π → π* Transitions: Common in compounds with double bonds (e.g., alkenes, aromatic
compounds), where electrons in π orbitals are excited to π* anti-bonding orbitals.
n → π* Transitions: Non-bonding electrons transition to anti-bonding π* orbitals
In this experiment Polyaniline will be synthesized chemically and its UV-Vis spectrum will be recorded.
For chemical polymerization Aniline is oxidized by ammonium peroxydisulphate (NH4)2S2O8.
NH3+Cl- + (NH4)2S2O8
H
N NH NH NH + HCl + (NH4)2SO4 + H2SO4
Cl- Cl- n
Applied Chemistry Lab A. Y. 2024-2025
Experiment No.-8
UV -Visible Spectroscopy
8.6 Procedure:
1. Prepare 0.25M ammonium peroxydisulphate (APS) solution in distilled water.
2. Prepare 1M HCl solution
3. Prepare 0.25M solution of aniline in 1M HCl.
4. In a 20 ml test tube, take aniline solution and add APS solution in it.
5. After adding APS solution instantly take 1 ml of this mixture in the cuvette and record UV-
Visible spectra with 10 minutes interval.
7. Perform the same at different APS concentration.
8. Determine the rate of polymerization.
8.7 Result:
Sr. No Amount of Amount of Amount of
0.25M Aniline 0.25M APS Distilled water
soln. soln.
1
Applied Chemistry Lab A. Y. 2024-2025
Experiment No.-8
UV -Vis Spectroscopy
8.7 Conclusion:
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
8.8 Review Questions Based on Experiment:
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Applied Chemistry Lab A. Y. 2024-2025
