SOM2601/101/3/2018

Tutorial Letter 101/3/2018

Strengths of materials II
SOM2601

Semesters 1 and 2

Department of Mechanical and Industrial

Engineering

This tutorial letter contains important information

about your module.

BARCODE

Open Rubric
 CONTENTS

Page

1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3
2 PURPOSE AND OUTCOMES ...................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................ 4
2.2 Outcomes ..................................................................................................................................... 4
3 LECTURER(S) AND CONTACT DETAILS................................................................................... 5
3.1 Lecturer(s) .................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Department ................................................................................................................................... 5
3.3 University ...................................................................................................................................... 6
4 RESOURCES ............................................................................................................................... 7
4.1 Prescribed books .......................................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Recommended books ................................................................................................................... 7
4.3 Electronic reserves (e-reserves) ................................................................................................... 8
4.4 Library services and resources information ................................................................................... 8
5 STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES .............................................................................................. 10
6 STUDY PLAN ............................................................................................................................. 10
7 PRACTICAL WORK AND WORK-INTEGRATED LEARNING ................................................... 11
8 ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................................... 11
8.1 Assessment criteria..................................................................................................................... 11
8.2 Assessment plan ........................................................................................................................ 12
8.3 Assignment numbers .................................................................................................................. 12
8.3.1 General assignment numbers ..................................................................................................... 12
8.3.2 Unique assignment numbers ...................................................................................................... 12
8.4 Assignment due dates………………………………………………………………………….13
8.5 Submission of assignments ........................................................................................................ 13
8.6 The assignments ........................................................................................................................ 14
8.7 Other assessment methods ........................................................................................................ 14
8.8 The examination ......................................................................................................................... 14
9 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ........................................................................................ 15
10 SOURCES CONSULTED ........................................................................................................... 17
11 IN CLOSING ............................................................................................................................... 17
12 ADDENDUM ............................................................................................................................... 17

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 SOM2601/101/3/2018

Dear Student

1 INTRODUCTION
Dear Student

Let me personally welcome you to the module, Strength of Materials II – Theory (SOM2601)
offered by the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering in the College of
Science, Engineering and Technology at the University of South Africa (Unisa). I hope that you
will find it both interesting and rewarding. I shall do my best to make your study of this module
successful. You will be well on your way to success if you start studying early in the year and
resolve to do the assignment(s) properly. There are two assignments in this module which will
both contribute towards your year mark:

Assignment 01: You will not be admitted to an examination if you do not submit your
Assignment 01.

Assignment 02: It is necessary for your examination preparation.

I urge you all to make it a habit of visiting your myunisa portal at least twice every week.
Myunisa is my way of interacting with you and any issues that may arise related to the contents
of the tutorial letter or any of the study materials, will be discussed through myunisa portal. It is
important that you don’t miss any of these discussions.

This tutorial letter contains important information about the scheme of work, resources,
student support, dates for discussion classes and assignments for this module. I urge you
to read it carefully and to keep it at hand when working through the study material, preparing the
assignment(s), preparing for the examination and addressing questions to me.

Please read My studies @ Unisa in combination with this tutorial letter as it gives you an idea
of generally important information when studying at a distance and within a particular College.
In this tutorial letter (101), you will find the assignments and assessment criteria as well as
instructions on the preparation and submission of the assignments. It also provides all the
information you need with regard to the prescribed study material and other resources and how
to obtain them. Please study this information carefully and make sure that you obtain the
prescribed material as soon as possible.

3
I have also included certain general administrative information about this module. Please study
this section of the tutorial letter carefully. This can be included in My studies @ Unisa, which is
specific to each college. Right from the start I would like to point out that you must read all the
documentation you receive during the year immediately and carefully, as they always
contain important and, sometimes, urgent information.

1.1 Tutorial matter

Some of this tutorial matter may not be available when you register. Tutorial matter that is not
available when you register will be posted to you as soon as possible, but is also available on
myUnisa.
 Tutorial Letters 101
 Study guide(s)
 Other (where applicable)
 Learner package
Please ensure that you are registered and active on myUnisa portal throughout the semester.
This is an internet facility that helps you to submit assignments, to have access to the Library
functions, download study material, “chat” to me or fellow students and participate in online
discussion forums and get access to all sorts of learning resources.

2 PURPOSE AND OUTCOMES

2.1 Purpose
Type here The purpose of this module is to equip a student with basic technical knowledge for
determining state of common engineering structures under simple and direct loading conditions.
After completing this module, the student is expected to determine stresses and strains in:
axially-loaded bars/rods of different configurations; thin-walled cylinders both under pressure
and/or in rotation; shafts in torsion; axially-loaded helical springs of various configurations; and,
cantilever and simply supported beams under point and uniformly distributed loads. The student
should also be able to determine internal forces arising in plane trusses as a result of dead
loads.

2.2 Outcomes
2.2.1 Distinguish the behaviour of ductile and brittle materials in tension and compression.

2.2.2 Determine stresses and strains that arise in thin-walled cylinders under pressure and/or
in rotation.

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 SOM2601/101/3/2018

2.2.3 Determine the stresses and strains in circular shafts under torsion/twisting loads.

2.2.4 Determine the stresses and strains in different configuration of helical springs under axial
compression and tension loads.

2.2.5 Determine the bending stresses in cantilever and simply supported beam subjected to
both point and uniformly distributed loads.

2.2.6 Determine the internal forces developed in trusses under dead loads.

3 LECTURER(S) AND CONTACT DETAILS

3.1 Lecturer(s)
Name: Eric Mpilo kula
Building: Mechanical Engineering C-Block Florida
Tel nr : 011 471 2887
E-mail : [email protected]
Availability: Mondays to Fridays from 10h00 to 15h00. (Please adhere to these hours
only).

All queries that are not purely administrative but module content-related, should be directed to
me. Please have your study material with you when you contact me. Email is my most preferred
form of contact but you might also want to reach me through the post. This is my postal
address:
The module Leader (SOM2601)
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Unisa - Florida Campus
Private Bag X6
Florida
1710

3.2 Department
You may contact the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering by post, e-mail,
telephone, or online through myUnisa. Please refer to the booklet: My studies @ Unisa

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 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Unisa - Florida Campus – GJ Gerwel Building
Private Bag X6
Florida
1710
Phone: 011 471 2963
Use the general E-mail address: [email protected]

Always state your STUDENT NUMBER and your Module Code-SOM2601 in all
correspondences and enquiries. Whenever you contact the Department of Mechanical and
Industrial Engineering, ensure that the first thing you mention after greeting is your module
code! It does not help to say you are a student in Mechanical Engineering, lecturers deal with
modules and student numbers.

3.3 University
If you need to contact the university about matters not related to the content of this module,
please consult the publication my studies @ unisa, which you received with your study material.
This brochure contains information on how to contact the university (e.g. to whom you can write
for different queries, important telephone and fax numbers, addresses and details of the times
certain facilities are open).

Physical address: University of South Africa

Preller Street
Muckleneuk
Pretoria
City of Tshwane

University of South Africa

Postal address: PO Box 392
Unisa
0003

Email: [email protected]
Always have your student number at hand when you contact the university.

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 SOM2601/101/3/2018

4 RESOURCES
4.1 Prescribed books
Your prescribed textbooks for this module for this year are:

1. Title: Strength of Materials for Technologists

Author: J G Drotsky
Edition: 4th
Publisher: Heinemann
ISBN: 978-1-77578-242-1
2 Title: Mechanics of Materials

Author: James M. Gere and Barry Goodno

Edition: 8th
Publisher: Cengage Learning
ISBN-13: 978-1-111-57774-2
ISBN-10: 1-111-57774-9
Prescribed textbook no. 2 is useful if you require comprehensive theory. However, if you need
to go directly to the examples and calculations, prescribed textbook no. 1 is quite satisfactory.

Please consult the list of official booksellers and their addresses listed in My studies @ Unisa.
If you have any difficulty obtaining books from these bookshops, please contact the Prescribed
Books Section at telephone 012 429 4152 or email [email protected]

4.2 Recommended books

The following are publications that you may consult in order to broaden your knowledge of
(module name). A limited number of copies are available in the Library.

1. Title: Mechanics of Engineering Materials

Author: BENHAM, CRAWFORD
Edition: 3rd
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0-582-25164-8
2. Title: Introduction to Mechanics of Materials, Volume 1 and 2
Author: E.J. HEARN
Edition: 3rd
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann

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 ISBN: 0750632658

4.3 Electronic reserves (e-reserves)

None
4.4 Library services and resources information
For brief information, go to www.unisa.ac.za/brochures/studies

For detailed information, go to http://www.unisa.ac.za/library. For research support and services

of personal librarians, click on "Research support".

The library has compiled a number of library guides:

 finding recommended reading in the print collection and e-reserves –

http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/undergrad
 requesting material – http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/request
 postgraduate information services – http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/postgrad
 finding, obtaining and using library resources and tools to assist in doing research –
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/Research_Skills
 how to contact the library/finding us on social media/frequently asked questions –
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/ask

4.4.1 Library Login

You will be required to provide your login details, ie. your student number and your myUnisa
password, in order to access the library’s online resources and services. This will enable you to

 View or print your electronic course material

 Request library material
 View and renew your library material
 Use the library’s e-resources

4.4.2 Requesting Books From The Library

Students are expected to purchase their own copies of prescribed books listed in Tutorial
Letters 101. A limited number of copies are housed in the Unisa Libraries, subject to each
branch library’s lending regulations. Problems experienced in obtaining copies from booksellers
should be directed to the Prescribed Book section at email [email protected] or telephone
+27 12 429 4152.

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 SOM2601/101/3/2018

4.4.3 Electronic Requests

The preferred way of requesting recommended or additional books is online via the library’s
catalogue. Go to http://oasis.unisa.ac.za or via myUnisa, go to http://my.unisa.ac.za > Login >
Library > Library catalogue, or for mobile access (AirPAC), go to http://oasis.unisa.ac.za/airpac

4.4.4 Telephonic book requests

This can be done on +27 12 429 3133. Please supply the reservation order number (RON).

4.4.5 Postal requests

Books may also be requested by completing one library book request card for each book.
Request cards are included in your study package. These should be mailed to

The Head: Request Services

Department of Library Services
PO Box 392
Pretoria 0003
or faxed to +27 12 429 8128.
Enquiries about requested books should be addressed to [email protected] - note requests
should not be sent to this email address. Telephonic enquiries can be made at +27 12 429
3133/3134. An after-hour voicemail service is also available at these numbers.

4.4.6 Requesting Journal Articles From The Library

4.4.6.1 Electronic course material / e-Reserves

Recommended material can be downloaded from the library’s catalogue at
http://oasis.unisa.ac.za. Under search options, click on Course code search and type in your
course code, eg. CST1501. Click on the Electronic reserves for the current year. The
recommended articles are available in PDF (portable document format).

The Adobe Reader should be loaded on your computer so that you can view or print scanned
PDF documents. This can be done free of charge at http://www.adobe.com.

4.4.6.2 Additional Journal Articles

The preferred way of requesting journal articles is online via the library’s catalogue.

Go to http://oasis.unisa.ac.za or via myUnisa, go to http://my.unisa.ac.za > Login > Library >

Library catalogue, or for mobile access (AirPAC), go to http://oasis.unisa.ac.za/airpac

4.4.6.3 Telephonic Requests

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Telephonic requests can be done at +27 12 429 3133/3134. Please supply the reservation order
number (RON) if available

4.4.6.4 Postal Requests

Journal articles may also be requested by completing an article request card for each item.

These should be mailed to the same address as postal requests above or faxed to +27 12 429
8128.

Enquiries about requested articles should be addressed to [email protected];

telephonic enquiries can be made at +27 12 429 3432.

4.4.7 Requesting Literature Searches From The Library

You may request a list of references on your topic from the library’s Information Search
Librarians if you are enrolled for an undergraduate course which has a research essay. To
request a literature search, go to the catalogue’s homepage, and click on Request a Literature
Search, fill in the form and return it to the address provided.

4.4.8 Services offered by the Unisa Library

The my Studies@Unisa booklet, which is part of your registration package, lists all the services
offered by the Unisa Library.

5 STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES

Important information appears in your my Studies @ Unisa brochure.

6 STUDY PLAN
You can refer to my Studies @ Unisa brochure for general time management and planning
skills.
 You have a total of 15 weeks to complete this semester module in which you are
required to complete 2 Assignments within 13 weeks. Completion and submission of
Assignment 01 is a requirement for examination admission. However, I emphasize that
students should submit BOTH assignments in order for them to stand a better chance of
passing this module.

 There are a total of SIX study units to be completed in this module. In order to assist you
work through your chapters and be able to tackle your assignments and finish them on time, I
have included a guide. You are free to adjust it to suit your special working habit. I have
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 SOM2601/101/3/2018

suggested time periods in which I expect you to go through each study unit based upon my
experience.
 Assignment 01 is expected to be submitted after about 4 weeks from the date of
semester opening. Assignment 02 is expected to be submitted a further 9 weeks after the
submission of your Assignment 01. A normal study process comprises the following steps:
Surveying the topic, which includes reading through quickly while highlighting key concepts
and getting a good grip on basic definitions and what the topic is really all about; Querying and
Questioning which involves asking yourself what you should endeavour to understand and
emphasize on and may even require that you revisit certain sections of the material for your
initial understanding, Active Reading involves thorough studying of the material making sure
you clarify the issues you queried in the previous step and it usually includes interacting with
your lecturer and referring to additional study resources other than just your prescribed
textbooks and study guides; Practice includes going through self-assessment exercises; and
Recital/Reviewing involves making a summary or writing notes in your own words. The
exercises in Assignment 01 will require you to perform the first and second steps while those in
the other assignments will require all the steps.
 You will cover six chapters in this module and this is how you may plan for your study
and timely completion of your assignment. You can use these time scales to draw up your own
study plan
 Trusses: Assignment 01: 2.5 h; Assignment 02: 5 h
 Stress and Strain: Assignment 01: 2 h; Assignment 02: 4 h
 Thin cylinders: Assignment 01: 1.5 h; Assignment 02: 3 h
 Torsion: Assignment 01: 1.5 h; Assignment 02: 3 h
 Springs: Assignment 01: 1.5 h; Assignment 02: 3 h
 Shear Force and Bending Moment: Assignment 01: 3 h; Assignment 02: 6 h

7 PRACTICAL WORK AND WORK-INTEGRATED LEARNING

There are no work-integrated learning for this module.

8 ASSESSMENT
8.1 Assessment criteria
There will be two assignments and a final examination.

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8.2 Assessment plan
The total semester assignment mark contributes 20% to the semester mark. The examination
mark contributes 80% to the semester mark.

Year Mark  0.2  Semester Assignment Mark  0.8  Semester Exam Mark
Thus the year mark for this module is based on the total semester assignment mark obtained.
The assignments’ contribution towards the year mark is shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Summary of assignment mark contribution towards SOM2601 year mark

CONTRIBUTIO
CONTRIBUTION
ASSIGNMENT CONTRIBUTION NTOWARDS
TOWARDS
TOWARDS FINAL
NUMBER EXAMINATION
YEAR MARK SUBJECT
CREDIT
MARK

01
(Compulsory)
Exam 40 % 40 4.0 %
Admission
Requirement

02
60 % 60 6.0 %
(Compulsory)

TOTAL 100 % 100 Credits 10%

8.3 Assignment numbers

8.3.1 General assignment numbers
There are 4 assignments in one semester numbered 01, 02, 03 and 04 as shown below.

8.3.2 Unique assignment numbers

First Semester:

Assignment 01 768109
Assignment 02 696716
Second Semester:

Assignment 01 758819
Assignment 02 868649

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 SOM2601/101/3/2018

8.4 Assignment due dates

The due dates for the submission of the assignments are given in Table 2.

Table 2: Table showing submission deadlines for assignments

THE CUT-OFF SUBMISSION DATES FOR THE ASSIGNMENTS ARE :

First Semester:
Assignment 01 05/03/2018
Assignment 02 09/04/2018

Second Semester:
Assignment 01 20/08/2018
Assignment 02 25/09/2018

The cut-off dates given here are the official, last dates on which a given assignment may be
submitted. Students must adhere to these dates only. All other dates referring to cut-off
submission dates for assignments, as may be posted on myUnisa or elsewhere, refers to
administrative dates as managed by the Assignment Department and does NOT influence or
change the above dates.

8.5 Submission of assignments

Assignments should be addressed to

The Registrar
PO Box 392
UNISA
0003
You may submit written assignments and assignments done on mark-reading sheets either by
post or electronically via myUnisa.

To submit an assignment via myUnisa:

 Go to myUnisa.

13
  Log in with your student number and password.

 Select the module.

 Click on assignments in the menu on the left.

 Click on the assignment number you want to submit.

Follow the instructions on the screen

8.6 The assignments

Assignments are seen as part of the learning material for this module. As you do the
assignment, study the reading resources given you, consult other resources, discuss the work
with fellow students or tutors or do research. Looking at the assessment criteria given for each
assignment will help you to understand what is required of you more clearly. For students
attending tutorial sessions, tutors may also set additional tasks and give feedback in class.

You will receive the correct answers automatically for multiple-choice questions. For written
assignments, markers will comment constructively on your work and feedback will be posted to
the students via mail.

As soon as you have received the feedback, please check your answers. The assignments and
the feedback on these assignments constitute an important part of your learning and should
help you to be better prepared for the next assignment and the examination.

8.7 Other assessment methods

None
8.8 The examination
Use your my Studies @ Unisa brochure for general examination guidelines and examination
preparation guidelines.

This module is offered in a semester period of 15 weeks. This means that if you are registered
for the first semester, you will write the examination in May/June 2018 and the supplementary
examination will be written in October/November 2018. If you are registered for the second

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 SOM2601/101/3/2018

semester, you will write the examination in October/November 2018 and the supplementary
examination will be written in May/June 2019.

During the semester, the Examination Section will provide you with information regarding the
examination in general, examination venues, examination dates and examination times.

 Table 3: Information on the examination

EXAMINATION INFORMATION FOR STRENGTH OF MATERIALS II - Theory (SOM2601)

Type of examination Closed book

Examination Duration 3 Hours

Examination Language English

Calculators allowed - Memories of programmable

calculators must be cleared in the presence of the Yes
invigilator(s) prior to start of the examination

9 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

The my Studies @ Unisa brochure contains an A-Z guide of the most relevant study
information.

The table below explains fully where to find anything for this module. Please ensure that you
read and understand this section very well.

Ensure that you have received the Unisa booklet: My studies @ Unisa and that you have
familiarised yourself with its contents. Take special note of Unisa’s online internet facility:
myUnisa, and ensure that you register! It has many benefits, inter alia that you can
communicate with your fellow students on subject matters or assignments submission and
engaging with your lecturer through a discussion forum. From time to time your lecturer will also
be uploading notes on your subject on this platform.
 Table 4: Summary of FAQ

LOOKING FOR ? YOU CAN FIND IT HERE ! TAKE NOTE THAT

1 Study Material See Section 4 of this Tutorial It is your responsibility to

Letter for the itemisation of ensure that you have received
all required study material. all study materials listed in this
tutorial letter from Unisa,
including any prescribed
15
 LOOKING FOR ? YOU CAN FIND IT HERE ! TAKE NOTE THAT
books, if applicable

2 Prescribed Books from See Section 4 as well as My It is your responsibility to

Section 4 studies @ Unisa booklet that obtain the prescribed book(s)
gives a list of book suppliers form the vendor of your choice,
country wide. in time to do your
assignment(s).
Enquiries : 012 429 4152
Or send e-mail to:
[email protected]

3 Recommended books See Section 4 As listed in Section 4.

from Section 4 Phone Florida Library

4 Assignments : See Section 8 of this Tutorial It is your responsibility to

Letter for all the Assignment ensure that you submit your
How many?
requirements for this assignments by the dates
When due? registration period. given in Section 8.
Submissions?
Did UNISA receive my
assignments?
Where can I find the
marks of my
assignments?
Study material required?
Marking?
Marks obtained?

5 Examinations : See Section 9 of this Tutorial It is your responsibility to

Where can I find my Letter for all the Examination ensure that you obtain your
requirements for this examination dates from the
year mark?
registration. examination department, if
When do I write the they have not contacted you
examination? by the end of September.
Where do I write the
examination?
What are my
examination results?

6 General Enquiries Registry Do not call your lecturer with

any general enquiries!!!

7 All enquiries in Contact your lecturer when Your lecturer can help you with
connection with the you are stuck on any part of problems you encounter during
Contents of courseware the courseware content. assignments and studying, not
This pertains to Theory, with administrative matters.
Practicals and Projects, as Do not contact the lecturer on
may be applicable. matters of administrative
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 SOM2601/101/3/2018

LOOKING FOR ? YOU CAN FIND IT HERE ! TAKE NOTE THAT

nature.

Lists of the recommended books and Electronic Reserves material appear in Section 4 of this
tutorial letter. Each title has been allocated a request number that you should supply on the
request card when requesting material from the Library. This material may also be requested by
telephone from the Main Library in Pretoria at telephone number 012 429 3133 (08:00 - 18:00
weekdays; 08:00 - 13:00 Saturdays). Please keep your request number and student number
ready and indicate if you need books or Electronic Reserves material.

10 SOURCES CONSULTED
No sources consulted.

11 IN CLOSING
Please do not hesitate to contact your lecturer by email if you are experiencing problems with
the content of this tutorial letter or any aspect of the module.
I wish you a fascinating and satisfying journey through the learning material and trust that you
will complete the module successfully.
Enjoy the journey!
E M Kula

12 ADDENDUM
ANNEXURE: ASSIGNMENTS

SEMESTER 1
ASSIGNMENT 01
Question 1
Define the following terms (you may use formulae or figures where necessary):
(a) Direct stress
(b) Direct strain
(c) Limit of proportionality

17
 (d) Yield strength
(e) Factor of safety

Question 1 b
The following readings were recorded during a tensile test of a mild steel specimem 24 mm,
wide by 10 mm thick and with gauge length of 200 mm.

Force (kN) 16 32 48 64 68 72 76 79
Elongation
0.066 0.133 0.198 0.264 0.281 0.304 0.355 1.125
(mm)
Force (kN) 76.8 83.7 103.8 111 112.8 108 96
Elongation
3.75 6.66 15.00 25.00 36.5 45.0 50.0
(mm)

The test piece fractured at a 50 mm elongation. Plot the load-extension diagram using the
Following scales: 10 divisions on the x-axis = 5 mm extension; 10 divisions on the
y-axis = 10 kN.
On the same graph paper and using the scale 10 divisions on x-axis = 0,5 mm extension,
and 10 divisions on the y-axis = 10 kN, replot the elastic portion of the graph.
Using the graphs, determine the following:
(a) Modulus of elasticity for mild steel
(b) Yield strength
(c) Ultimate tensile strength
(d) Percentage elongation.

Question 2
For the truss shown in Fig. 1 determine
a) the reaction at A and its direction
b) the forces in members AB, BC, BE, DE and BD and state the whether they are strut or
tie.
State ANY assumptions clearly.

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 SOM2601/101/3/2018
12 kN

80o
B

20o 20o

60o 60o
20o E D 20o
A C

Fig. 1

Question 3
A thin cylindrical steel drum, 100 mm thick, is subjected to an internal pressure of 1.5 MPa and
rotates at a speed of 250 r/min.
(a) Calculate the maximum permissible diameter of the drum if the allowable hoop stress is
120 MPa (specific gravity of steel is 7.85).
(b) What would be the required diameter if the cylinder was not rotated?

Question 4
For the beam shown in Fig. 2 below,
(a) draw the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams.
(b) determine the point of contraflexure (PCF).
2 kN 3 kN 4 kN
5 kN

25 kN/m 25 kN/m
10 kN/m

A B C D E F

2m 2m 2m 1m 1m

Fig. 2

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Question 5
A solid steel shaft, 20 mm in diameter and 1 m long, is placed concentrically inside a hollow
duralumin shaft with inside and outside diameters of 30 mm and 33 mm respectively and a
length of 500 mm. The ends of the hollow shaft are rigidly fixed to the solid shaft. Determine
(a) the torsional stiffness of the composite shaft
(b) the maximum torque to which the composite shaft may be subjected if the allowable
shear stresses for steel and duralumin are 90 MPa and 30 MPa respectively
(c) the total angle of twist if the shaft is subjected to the torque determined in (b)
(GDU = 25 GPa; GST = 84 GPa).

Assignment 02

Question1
A composite rod of total length 200 mm consists of a steel rod 120 mm long and 10 mm in
diameter, which is rigidly attached to the end of a brass rod 80 mm long and 20 mm in diameter.
The rod is used as a tie in a link mechanism and the strain in the brass rod is limited to 0.53×10 -
3. Given that the total extension of the composite rod must not exceed 0.1624 mm and Young’s
modulus, E for steel is 200 GPa, calculate:
(a) The strain in the steel rod.
(b) The load carried by the rod.
(c) The load carried by the brass rod.
(d) Modulus of elasticity for the brass.

Question 2
A compound thin cyclinder has a common diameter of 100 mm and the inner cylinder has a
thickness of 2.5 mm. The radial pressure between the two cylinders is 200 kPa and the
difference between the two common diameters before shrinkage was 4.305×10 -3 mm.
Determine
(a) the thickness of the outer cylinder
(b) the resultant hoop stresses in both cylinders if the compound cylinder is subjected to
an internal pressure of 180 kPa.
(E = 200 GPa)

Question 3
In Fig.3, calculate the forces in all the members and the reactions at the supports by using
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A B
a 45o 10 kN

45o
C
D

35 kN
Fig. 3

(a) The method of sections (indicate the directions of the reactions and whether the member
is a tie or strut)
(b) The method of joints (indicate the directions of the reactions and whether the member is
a tie or strut)
(State ANY assumptions clearly).

Question 4
A solid and hollow shaft, connected by a coupling, transmit power. The outside diameters of the
shafts are the same and the inside diameter of the hollow shaft is 75% of its outside diameter.
The solid shaft is three times as long as the hollow shaft.
Take the modulus of rigidity for both shafts as 80 GPa.
(a) If the angle of twist for the solid shaft is 1 degree, find the angle of twist for the hollow
shaft.
(b) If the maximum shear stress for the solid shaft is 30 MPa, find the maximum stress in the
hollow shaft.

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 Question 5
For the beam shown in Fig. 4,
(a) draw the shear-force and bending moment diagrams
(b) calculate the point(s) of contra-flexure from A.

5 kN

7 kN

5 kN/m
2 kN/m

A
2m 0.75 m 0.75 m 1.5 m 2m
24 kN

Fig. 4

Question 6
A composite spring has two steel springs connected in series. One of the springs has a mean
coil diameter of 40 mm and wire diameter of 5 mm, and has 18 coils. The other spring has a
wire diameter of 3 mm and 11 coils. If the strain energy stored in the first spring must equal that
stored in the second spring when the compound spring is subjected to any load and the
maximum allowable shear stress is 150 MPa, calculate
(a) the mean coil diameter of the second spring
(b) the greatest load that can be carried
( c) the energy stored
(d) the stiffness of the composite spring
(e) the deflection of the composite spring when subjected to the greatest load .
(G = 82 GPa).

SEMESTER 2
ASSIGNMENT 01
Question 1

1. Briefly state FOUR main assumptions when deciding if a given cylinder should be
analysed as a thin cylinder or not.

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2. Clearly DISTINGUISH between Circumferential (Hoop), Longitudinal and Radial stresses

in a thin cylinder subjected to an internal pressure. Use clear illustrations.

Question 2
A thin rim with a mean diameter of 1.2 m cross-section of 15 mm × 200 mm is subjected to an
internal pressure of 10 MPa and rotates at 800 r/min. Calculate
1. the magnitude of the force and the stress in the rim if the density of the materials is 7800
kg/m3.
2. the total change in diameter.
Young’s modulus for the material is 200 GPa.

Question 3

A steel rod 20 mm diameter is provided with a screw thread on each end and also nuts having a
pitch of 1 m. A pipe of the same material and 1.2 m long with an internal diameter of 30 mm and
wall thickness 5 mm is positioned between the nuts and rigid washers. The nuts are tightened to
produce an initial stress of 12.5 kPa in the pipe. Calculate the initial stress in the rod and the
increase in stress in the pipe and rod when one nut is tightened full revolution. (Refer to Fig. 5)
E = 200 GPa).
PIPE

Fig. 5

Question 4a
Define the following terms:
1. Torsional rigidity
2. Mean torque
3. Polar section modulus

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Question 4b
A 50 kW motor drives a line shaft (Fig. 6) at 1000 r/min through gear B; 10 kW, 25 kW and are
delivered to machines through gears A, C and D respectively.
1. Select a suitable solid shaft if the maximum allowable shear stress is 75 MPa, neglecting
any bending effect.
2. Find the angle of twist in degrees of each of the gears A, C and D relative to B.
Torsional rigidity, G = 80 GPa.
A B C D

500 mm 1500 mm 1000 mm

Fig. 6

Question 5
A composite spring has two steel springs connected in series. One of the springs has a mean
coil diameter of 40 mm and a wire diameter of 5 mm, and has 18 coils. Th e other spring has a
wire diameter of 3 mm and 11 coils. If the strain energy stored in the first spring must equal that
stored in the second spring when the composite spring is subjected to any load and the
maximum allowable stress is 150 MPa, calculate
1. the mean coil diameter of the second spring.
2. the greatest load that can be carried by the composite spring
3. the energy stored by the composite spring
4. the stiffness of the composite spring
5. the deflection of the composite spring when subjected to the greatest load
Take G = 82 MPa

Assignment 02

Question 1
A brass bush with an outside diameter of 30 mm and inside diameter of 20mm has a steel
bolt of 15mm in diameter passing through it. The bolt is fitted with rigid washers which
transfer the load from the bolt to the bush. If the bolt thread has a pitch of 1.5 mm and the nut is
tightened one eighth of a turn from the position where there is no end play, calculate the stress
induced in the bolt and the bush. Take the length of the bolt and the bush as 75 mm.
(Ebr=100GPa; Est = 200GPa)
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Question 2
A thin steel cylinder, 400 mm in diameter, with closed ends is rotated at a speed of 5000 r/min
about a longitudinal axis through its centre. If it is simultaneously subjected to an internal
pressure of 4 MPa, calculate the thickness of the cylinder, assuming that the maximum
allowable tensile stress is limited to 170 MPa. The density of the steel is 7800 kg/m 3.

Question 3
A steel shaft ABCD has a total length of 540 mm consisting of AB = 150 mm, BC = 150 mm and
CD = 240 mm. AB is hollow with inside and outside diameters of 30 mm and 40 mm
respectively; BC and CD are solid and diameter of BC is 40 mm. Calculate
1. the diameter of CD if its torsional stiffness is equal to that of AB.
2. the total angle of twist if the compound shaft is subjected to a torque of 500 Nm (G = 80
GPa).

Question 4
A composite spring is made of two close-coiled helical steel springs arranged in series. One
spring is made up of 4.25 mm diameter wire and mean diameter 25 mm. The other spring is
made up 4.25 mm diameter wire and mean diameter 30 mm. If the equivalent stiffness of the
composite spring is to be 5.17 kN/m, calculate: (For steel, maximum torsional shear stress =
320 MPa and G = 80 GPa).
(a) The required number of coils for the second spring
(b) The maximum axial tensile load that may be applied to the composite spring
(c) The extension of the composite spring

Question 5
For the beam shown in Fig. 7,
(c) draw the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams.
(d) determine the point of contraflexure (PCF).

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 2 kN 3 kN 4 kN
5 kN

25 kN/m 25 kN/m
10 kN/m

A B C D E F

2m 2m 2m 1m 1m

Fig. 7

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