Electronics and Information Technology Degree Program
Electronics and Electrical Circuit Laboratory Exercises
Lab No – Laboratory Title
Laboratory performed on
Day/month/year
Your Name
Partner: partner's name (if appropriate)
Team: T
Class:
Date: Day/month/year
______________________________________
Abstract
I. Introduction
II. Experimental Results
III. Analysis
1. The Comparator with hysteresis
By adjusting the input voltage from 0V to 6V and from 6V to 0V, we measured both the input and output voltage of the circuit
using the Multimeter:
Operational Amplifier 2 (3.2)
INPUT COMPARE OUTPUT
0 0,006 14,349
1 0,9986 14,35
2 2,0001 14,351
3 2,9987 14,352
4 3,995 -13,604
5 4,9945 -13,604
6 5,991 -13,604
5 4,9948 -13,603
4 3,9951 -13,622
3 2,9988 -13,604
2 2,0002 14,354
1 0,9985 14,354
0 0,006 14,355
We saw that the output behaved similarly to the experiment we did in Operational Amplifier 1 (3.4). The output voltage stayed
the same (approx. 14,3V) when the input went from 0V to 3V and immediately turned negative when input voltage was 4V.
The output results were similar (approx. -13,6V); However, only when the input voltage dropped to 2V did the output voltage
turned positive again. It was similar for the rest of the exercise.
2. The Oscillator
We connected the oscilloscope to point A on the circuit and to the output, then observed the wave signal as well as the value of
the output
Figure …..
We saw that when the output voltage was +14V, the voltage inside of the capacitor went up. That is the voltage from the
output charged the capacitor. The same thing happened when the output went down to -14V. The capacitor’s voltage
decreased.
3. The Adder
Using the formula , we calculate the output voltage and compared it with the measurement we
did. While all the resistors we used were 1kΩ, the formula can be shortened as
3.1. We measured the output voltage when all resistors are connected to the ground. There was no input voltage, so we
received 0,0016V.
3.2. We connected the + 1V to the resistor R2 left end and all other resistors (left ends) in the ground. The output voltage
was -1.0009, as U1 = 1V and U2 = U3 = U4 = 0V.
3.3. We connected the + 1V to the resistor R2 and R3 left end and all other resistors (left ends) in the ground. The output
voltage was -2,0000, as U1 = U2 = 1V and U3 = U4 = 0V
3.4. We connected the + 1V to the resistor R2, R3 and R4 left end and all other resistors (left ends) in the ground. The
output voltage was -2,9850, as U1 = U2 = U3 = 1V and U4 = 0V
3.5. We connected the + 1V to all the resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5. The output voltage was -3,9310, as all the resistors
received 1V as the input.
VI. Conclusion
In this laboratory lab, we learned another 3 behaviors of the OpAmp and compare them with preliminary experiments we did
in Operational Amplifier 1. We did find out how to calculate the output voltage based on resistors and their voltages. Also, we
learned about the function of capacitor and how it works in the circuit. This information we studied will help us implementing
more complex circuits in the future.
