Disciplines and Ideas in the

Applied Social Sciences (DIASS)

Level: SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Semester: SECOND
Subject Group: SPECIALIZED SUBJECT Quarter: THIRD

Course Description:
This course introduces some Applied Social Sciences, namely, Counseling, Social Work, and
Communication, which draw their foundation from the theories and principles of Psychology,
Sociology, Anthropology, and other Social Sciences. The course highlights the seamless
interconnectivity of the different applied social science disciplines while focusing on the
processes and applications of these applied disciplines in critical development areas.
Course Requirements:
Below is the list of activities that must be completed and submitted with their corresponding
percentage.
Raw
ACT.
ACTIVITIES Date of Completion Score Final Grade
1 EAA 1 – Photo Analysis 15 10%
2 PC 1 – Share Ko Lang 15 20%
3 EAA 2 – Situational Analysis 30 10%
4 PC 2 – Position Paper 10 20%
5 EAA 3 – Feeling Lang 20 10%
6 EAA 4 – Situational Analysis 15 10%
7 PC 3 – Role Playing 20 20%
TOTAL 100%

Consultation:
For questions and clarifications, consult your subject teacher every Tuesdays. Send your
questions by Tuesday 12 noon. Your teacher will get back to you.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 1

Prerequisite Assessment:
1.What are the main concerns of Social Sciences and Applied Social Sciences?

Learning Materials: Module, pen, paper, internet (if applicable)

Prerequisite Content-knowledge: Difference between Social Science and Applied Social
Science
Prerequisite Skill: Identify the role applied social science in the development of human lives.
INTRODUCTION:
A. TIME ALLOTMENT: 4 hours
B. CONSULTATION: For questions and clarifications, you may consult your subject
teacher on the assigned schedule via face-to-face, FB messenger, mobile number.
C. RUA: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• Clarify the relationship between social science and applied social sciences
• Differentiate social science from applied social science
D. INSTITUTIONAL VALUES: Critical Thinking and Social Awareness
Learners will be able to apply critical thinking in:
• Clarifying the relationship between social sciences and applied sciences
• Differentiating social science from applied social science

E. OVERVIEW OF THE LESSON

This lesson addresses the key distinctions between social sciences and applied social
sciences. This also explores the concepts and fields of social sciences and applied social
sciences.

STUDENT’S EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

Chunk 1:
Social sciences are vast fields of scientific study which investigate human societies
and the different forces within them. These diverse fields examine how people interact and
develop their culture. Social sciences are comprised of several disciplines, including history,
political science, sociology, psychology, economics, geography, demography, anthropology
and linguistics. Through a body of empirical knowledge, the social sciences offer a complex
collection of lenses that allow us to understand and clarify the various aspects of human
society. Varieties of lens that the social sciences study refer to the various areas of the social
sciences that research human society. That field of social science uses a diverse collection of
lenses made up of a body of ideas, theories, structures and methodologies that allow us to
understand and research the multi-faceted forces that make up and influence human society.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 2

BRANCHES OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

• Economics studies the allocation of scarce resources and the production and exchange
of goods and services within society. The two primary divisions of the economics are
microeconomics, which focuses on the actions of individual consumers and producers,
and macro-economics, which explores the actions and output of the aggregate economy.
• Anthropology is a scientific study of human beings and their cultures in the past and
present. Anthropology’s systematic approach to human research, the importance of
fieldwork and participant observation, and its focus on cross-cultural comparison, make it
special in the social sciences.
• History is a systematic study of past human events in order to understand the meaning,
dynamics and relationship of the causes and effects of events in the development of
societies. This is derived from the Greek word past, which means "investigation" or
"investigation." In social science, history focuses on the interpretation and analysis of
historical events, as they have historically occurred with the use of primary and secondary
sources. Primary sources refer to eyewitness reports or historical accounts of the incident.
They often use secondary sources or facts that are not eye-witness accounts and are
based on primary sources.
• Political science focuses on human actions in relation to political processes, states, rules
and international affairs. This explores the relationship between citizens and politics at all
levels, from the citizen to the national and international levels.
• Psychology is researching how the human mind functions in consonance with the body
to generate thoughts that contribute to individual actions. Psychology analyzes how
individuals and communities view the world through various feelings, thoughts and states
of consciousness.
• Sociology is a systematic study of people’s behavior in groups. It is derived from the Latin
word socio which means “people together” and Greek word logos which means “the study
of.” As a discipline of the social science, it attempts to understand why and how people
interact with each other and how the function as a society or social subgroups. Applied
sociology focus on the use and proper application of sociological theories, methods and
skills to examine data.
• Geography is a study of the relationship between people and their environment.
Geography was derived from Greek words: geography means "world" and “graphos”
means "charting or drawing." Geography examines both the physical features of the
Earth's surface and its interaction with human societies. This also explores how human
society communicates with the natural world and the effect of environments and places on
people.
• Demography is a statistical study of human populations over time, according to the Max
Planck Center for Demographic Science (2016). This explores trends in population growth
through the study of birth, human activity, and morbidity, aging and mortality statistics.
Population studies or social demography are an important sub-field of sociology. Social
demographers analyze demographic data to identify, describe and forecast social
phenomena. This also studies the composition of social class and population distribution.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 3

DEFINING THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES

The applied social sciences were developed as a response to the highly segmented
and compartmentalized division of social science disciplines that dominated western research
training in the late 1990s and until the end of the twentieth century. Scholars from the social
sciences argued that there is a need for more collaboration in the various fields of the social
sciences. This suggests that the various areas of social sciences need to work together
effectively to resolve problems. This multidisciplinary approach to the study of various social
problems has become the focus and the beginning of applied social sciences. Similar to social
sciences, which concentrate on theoretical studies of society, applied social sciences
concentrate on the use and application of the various ideas, theoretical models and
hypotheses of social science disciplines to better explain society and the various challenges
and issues it faces. The applied social sciences were used to provide possible approaches to
the complex problems of society (Gouldner, 1989).

• Counseling is one of the areas of social sciences applied to it. As an application of the
social sciences, counseling provides guidance, assistance and support to individuals who
are distracted by a range of problems in their lives. Professional guidance is provided to
the individual through counseling, and this is done through the application of psychological
methods such as the collection of case history data, personal interviews and skills tests.
Counseling may be provided by psychologists, life coaches, job psychologists and
personal development counselors.
• Social research/social work is another technical practice in the social sciences related
to it. Having been trained in social sciences to interact and understand social realities, an
applied social sciences practitioner has a good theoretical and conceptual foundation for
social work practice. Through social work, professionals are supporting people, families,
associations and neighborhoods to strengthen their individual and mutual well-being.
• Communication Studies. Applied social sciences provide appropriate instruction for
employment in the communications field. One example of a career in the advertising
industry is in the field of mass media. For example, in the news and current affairs
department of major television and radio networks, practitioners stress the importance of
balance, objective, truthful and creative reporting of news and other important events as
they have happened. Practitioners in applied social sciences have ample experience in
this field as they are equipped with communication theories and principles that allow them
to understand and educate the public about the social, political, cultural, and economic
realities. Communication professionals have the skills to write, create and deliver news
accurately and creatively to the public.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 4

Enabling Assessment Activity No.1

ANSWER SHEET (Please submit only the answers. Do not return the entire module.)

Name: ________________________________ Section: _______________________

LAST NAME, FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL

ENGAGEMENT
Direction: Analyze the photo and answer the questions below.

Guide Questions
1. Identify and analyze the symbols used and relate it to social science
disciplines. What professions or fields of applied social sciences might address
these issues?
2. How do these photos explain the difference of Social Science to Applied Social
Science?

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME OF PARENT/GUARDIAN

DATE: ______________
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 5

Prerequisite Assessment:
1.What is counseling? Why do you think counseling is considered a discipline of the Applied Social
Sciences?

Learning Materials: Module, pen, paper, internet (if applicable)

Prerequisite Content-knowledge: Difference between Social Science and Applied Social
Science
Prerequisite Skill: Identify the role of applied social sciences in the development of human
lives.
INTRODUCTION:
A. TIME ALLOTMENT: 4 hours
B. CONSULTATION: For questions and clarifications, you may consult your subject
teacher on the assigned schedule via face-to-face, FB messenger, mobile number.
C. RUA: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• Identify the goals and scope of counseling.
• Explain the principles of counseling.
D. INSTITUTIONAL VALUES: Critical Thinking and Social Awareness
Learners will be able to apply critical thinking in:
• Identifying the goals and scope of counseling
• Explaining the principles of counseling
E. OVERVIEW OF THE LESSON
In this lesson, the learner will demonstrate a high level of understanding of the basic
concepts of counseling.

STUDENT’S EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

Chunk 1:
The severity and prevalence of social issues have a direct and significant effect on
people's psychological conditions. The circumstances of psychological damage, the past of
trauma and even the practice of shock are a source of anxiety. Such circumstances involve
the integrative efforts of the psychological sciences and the digital social sciences to solve
social issues that cause human distress.
Counseling as a specialty has grown out of the need for institutionalized resources to
support and help people in circumstances of difficulty in their lives. Professionals in this field,
called counselors, support those in need of clinical assistance in finding meaning, dealing with
the difficulty of life and adjusting to new environments.

THE MEANING OF COUNSELING

Nystul (2003) defined counseling as essentially an art and a science in which you seek
to weigh the objective and subjective aspects of the counseling process. Counseling as an art
is the subjective dimension of advice. It maintains a flexible and creative process by which the
counselor modifies the approach in order to meet the growing needs of clients. It is also related
to the act of giving oneself and being compassionate in therapy processes.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 6

Counseling as a science, on the other hand, is the objective dimension of the

consultation process. Counselors who are discerning and who acquire skills to formulate
critical conclusions and inferences (Nystul, 2003). The art and science of psychology means
an intensification of the Boulder Method scientist-practitioner paradigm (Myers, 2007). The
model illustrates the incorporation of art and science into therapy, which forms
recommendations that incorporate theory and practice.
In practical terms, therapy happens when a person who is in distress asks for support
and encourages another person to enter a kind of relationship with him / her. It is indicative of
someone seeking counseling requests for time and attention from a person who will listen,
who will allow him / her to speak and who will not condemn and criticize him / her. This type
of relationship is a formal aid in which a counselor-counselee relationship is established.

GOALS OF COUNSELING

The goal setting is a key component of individual, group, organizational and

community success. Counseling, like any form of assistance, must be motivated by objectives.
It will be more difficult to achieve the desired target if you do not or are not conscious of the
objectives. The primary objective of counseling is to help people use their prevailing social
skills and problem-solving skills more functionally or to develop new survival and coping skills.
The comprehensive and broad therapy goals defined by Gibson and Mitchell (2003) are as
follows:

• Development Goals – assist in meeting or advancing the client’s human growth and
development including social, personal, emotional, cognitive and physical wellness
• Preventive Goals – helps the client avoid some undesired outcome
• Enhancement Goals – enhance special skills and abilities
• Remedial Goals – assisting client to overcome and treat an undesirable development
• Exploratory Goals – examining options, testing of skills, trying new and different activities,
etc.
• Reinforcement Goals – helps client in recognizing that what they are doing, thinking and
feeling is fine
• Cognitive Goals – involves acquiring the basic foundation of learning and cognitive skills
• Physiological Goals – involves acquiring the basic understanding and habits for good
health
• Psychological Goals – aids in developing good social interaction skills, learning
emotional control and developing positive self-concept

The goals set out above suggest that therapy seeks to motivate the client by helping
him / her to make important decisions in life, to build capacity to cope, to improve productivity
and to improve the quality of life. Other than the goals discussed above, McLeod (2003)
presented a list of therapy priorities, some of which are to improve the objectives set out above.

• Insight - Understanding of the origins and development of emotional difficulties, leading

to an increased capacity to take rational control over feelings and actions.
• Relating with others - Becoming better able to form and maintain meaningful and
satisfying relationships with other people: for example, within the family or workplace.
• Self-awareness - Becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that had been blocked
off or denied, or developing a more accurate sense of how self is perceived by others.
• Self-acceptance - The development of a positive attitude toward self, marked by an ability
to acknowledge areas of experience that had been the subject of self-criticism and
rejection.
• Self-actualization - Moving in the direction of fulfilling potential or achieving an integration
of previously conflicting parts of self.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 7

• Enlightenment - Assisting the client to arrive at a higher state of spiritual awakening.

• Problem-Solving - Finding a solution to a specific problem that the client had not been
able to resolve alone and acquiring a general competence in problem-solving.
• Psychological Education - Enabling the client to acquire ideas and techniques with which
to understand and control behavior.
• Acquisition of Social Skills - Learning and mastering social and interpersonal skills such
as maintenance of eye contact, turn-taking in conversations, assertiveness, or anger
control.
• Cognitive Change - The modification or replacement of irrational beliefs or maladaptive
thought patterns associated with self-destructive behavior.
• Behavior Change - The modification or replacement of maladaptive or self-destruct
patterns of behavior.
• Systemic Change - Introducing change into the way in that social systems operate.
• Empowerment - Working on skills, awareness and knowledge that will enable the client
to take control of his or her own life.
• Restitution - Helping the client to make amends for previous destructive behavior.
• Generativity - Inspiring in the person a desire and capacity to care for others and pass on
knowledge and to contribute to the collective good through political engagement and
community work.

A wide range of human problems are creating a wider scope and field of advice. In
general, the spectrum of treatment includes individual counseling, marital and premarital
counseling, family counseling and group counseling.
SCOPE OF COUNSELING
Counseling is a specific term with diverse definitions and objectives. The goals listed
above reflect the nature of the advice. Counseling is important in nearly every area of a
person's life — cognitive, mental, economic, financial, psychological, and others. It is also
applied to individuals, families and groups.
There are several topics related to individual therapy, such as depression, sexual
harassment, anxiety, class, relationships, faith, philosophy, teenage problems, loss,
frustration, tension, vocation, studies, and others. In terms of family therapy, problems include
divorce, family dynamics, life changes, miscommunication, envy, money issues, parenting,
remarriage, and others.
The 4754-15 Scope of Practice for Licensed Professional Counselors is a more
focused topic relevant to the quality of advice. This covers the privileges and duties of licensed
lawyers, including the following:

• Afford counseling services to individuals, groups, organizations, or the general public

comprising of application of clinical counseling principles, methods or procedures to assist
individuals in realizing effective personal, social, educational or career development and
adjustment.
• “Apply clinical counseling principles, methods and procedures,” means an approach to
counseling that emphasizes the counselor’s role in systematically assisting clients through
all of the following: assessing and analyzing emotional conditions, exploring possible
solutions and developing and providing a treatment plan for mental and emotional
adjustment or development. It may include counseling, appraisal, consulting, supervision,
administration, and referral.
• Engage in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders when under the
supervision of a professional clinical counselor, psychologist, psychiatrist, independent
marriage and family therapist or independent social worker.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 8

• Provide training supervision for student and registered counselor trainees when services
are within their scope of practice, which does not include supervision of the diagnosis and
treatment of mental and emotional disorders.

The set of core values is a key component of an organization. It has a significant

influence on other organizational components, more specifically, to its members. It serves as
standards that shape the member’s behavior in their interaction with their clients and other
people. Different professions, especially, those who require licensure like counseling, have its
own set of core values – values that are instilled among its members. Below are presents the
core values and ethical standards of counseling.
PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING

• Principle of acceptance - accept the patient with his/her physical, psycho-logical,

social, economical and cultural conditions.
• Principle of communication - communication should be verbal as well as non-verbal
and should be skillful.
• Principle of empathy - instead of showing sympathy put yourself in patients shoes
and then give reflections accordingly (Empathy is the ability to identify with a person.)
• Principle of non-judgmental attitude - do not criticize or comment negatively
regarding patient’s complaints.
• Principle of confidentiality - always keep the patient’s name, and the problem strictly
secrete and assure the patient about the same.
• Principle of individuality - treat each and every patient as unique and respect his
problem as well.
• Principles of non-emotional involvement - not getting emotionally in-volved with the
patient and avoid getting carried away with his feelings.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 9

Performance Check No. 1

ANSWER SHEET (Please submit only the answers. Do not return the entire module.)

Name: ________________________________ Section: _______________________

LAST NAME, FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL

ENGAGEMENT: Share Ko Lang!

Direction: Give a situation or specific problems you have encountered (e.g., academics,
relationships, family, identity, and financial concerns) and discuss it in essay form.
Your essay should follow the format:

First paragraph:
Give details about your problem/s (What is/are the cause/s of your problem?)

Second paragraph:
Discuss your problem (In what way do your problem/s affect/s your life?)

Third paragraph:
Coping mechanism (With whom will you share your problem? Will you pursue formal
help or non-formal help? Why or why not?)

The essay will be assessed based on:

Points
Content 10
Followed Guidelines 5

______________________________________________________________
SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME AND OF PARENT OR GUARDIAN
DATE: ______________
Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 10
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 11

Prerequisite Assessment:
1.Who are the practitioners of counselling?

Learning Materials: Module, pen, paper, internet (if applicable)

Prerequisite Content-knowledge: The Discipline of Counseling
Prerequisite Skill: Essay writing
INTRODUCTION
A. TIME ALLOTMENT: 4 hours
B. CONSULTATION: For questions and clarifications, you may consult your subject
teacher on the assigned schedule via face-to-face, FB messenger, mobile number.
C. RUA: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• Discuss roles and functions of counselors
• Identify specific work areas in which counselors work.
D. INSTITUTIONAL VALUES: Critical Thinking and Social Awareness
Learners will be able to apply critical thinking in:
• Discussing the roles and functions of counselors
• Identifying the specific work areas in which counselors work
E. OVERVIEW OF THE LESSON
This learning material will provide you with information and activities that will help you
understand the roles, functions, and competencies of counselors. After going through this
lesson, you are expected to discuss roles and functions of counselors

STUDENT’S EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

As we determine complex problems in the school, especially in these pandemic times,
the roles and functions of counselors in educational institutions are tested and challenges.
Their predefined roles and functions in the educational system makes their profession ever
more needed and recognized as they help and assist our learners during these pandemic
times.
Roles and Functions of Counselors
Counseling is an intimate form of learning, it demands a practitioner who is willing to
be an authentic person in the counseling/therapeutic relationship (Corey, 2015). It involves
the person to be immersed in someone else life, and be able to give an authentic support and
understanding, especially in the school and clinical setting. Much in our country’s setting,
where we have a young population. Counselors faced a daunting task to understand this
current population.
And even in the pandemic setting, counselors are defined by the roles and functions
that they do, both in the clinical and school setting; and mostly appreciated on the outcome
that they produced for the benefit of their clients. Counselors have the duty to their clients,
especially if they come seeking comfort and care, counselors’ roles become more of a
responsibility to their clients.
When counselors counsel, wounds are opened, feelings will be explored and
perception and growth will be secured as the counselor and client journey to wellness and
back to functionality in society (Corey, 2015).
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 12

Functions of Counselors

Erford (2014) emphasized that professional school counselors do not take rigid and
static set of functions in the educational system. This means that professional counselors
perform their roles in a continuous state of transformation in response to the current
challenges. Therefore, professional counselors function as follows:

• Providers of individual and group counseling services. School counselors take an

active role in counseling groups or individuals. In a school setting, professional counselors
are equipped not only in helping individuals understand themselves, but also in providing
correct evaluation of either behavioral or clinical problems a student may have.
• Developmental classroom guidance specialists. Professional counselors also prepare
lessons and implement guidance instructions to students. These are executed by
developing clear and measurable objectives to meet the needs of the students. To meet
these objectives, professional counselors deliver talks, seminars, workshop, and other
interesting activities. Lastly, professional counselors improve their programs and mode of
instruction through consistent feedback and evaluation.
• Leaders and advocates of academic success. Professional school counselors have an
ethical responsibility of promoting academic success by helping students identify barriers
affecting school performance. These barriers may be personal (example: living with an
absentee or separated parents); socio-emotional (ex. peer pressure); moral dilemmas (ex.
failing an exam or cheating to pass an exam), or career-related barriers (ex. indecisiveness
about a course in college). Professional counselors guide the students by identifying
strategies so they can positively cope with these challenges and see these challenges as
opportunities for growth.
• Career development specialists. Professional counselors also provide activities that will
prepare students for the demands and requirements of their chosen profession. These
activities include formal writing of resumes, having proper responses to job interviews and
knowing appropriate clothing for job applications. Furthermore, to ensure proper coping
and success in the workplace, professional counselors help students develop essential,
basic skills such as effective communication, creativity, decision-making, critical thinking,
and work ethics.
• Agents of diversity and multiculturalism. Professional school counselors are
trained to deal with and address the needs of people from different cultural
backgrounds. For example, because of the ASEAN Integration foreign students study
in our country; counselors may provide assistance to these foreign students through
activities that allow interaction with Filipino students, aimed at helping them cope with
their new environment. At the same time, the counselor will also carry out a program
for the Filipino students, aimed at helping them demonstrate hospitality, respect, and
understanding for their foreign classmates.
• Advocates of students with special needs and students-at-risk. Professional
counselors give attention to students with special needs-such as the athletes, honor
students, students with absentee parents, those with learning disabilities and other
clinically diagnosed students. They are special groups who need additional assistance
to help them cope better-by providing comprehensive assessment programs to better
understand and address their special needs. For example, students with absentee
parents might have stronger needs-in comparison with students whose parents are
always around-for social and emotional support. With this, the counselor may help
them become engaged in extracurricular activities or he or she could even organize a
symposium that will help them become more adjusted with their situation. With
professional counselors also concerned with the promotion of mental health, they
could also organize activities that will help students understand depression, anxiety,
phobia or addiction.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 13

• Advocates of a safe school environment. Conflicts, which may lead to violence,

happen in some school communities. For instance, there are issues on bullying-
physical, verbal, cyber, psychological, etc. nowadays. Hence, a comprehensive school
counseling program with intervention components such as school bullying campaign
and peer and mentoring can address this issue.
• School and community collaboration specialists. To ensure student’s holistic
development and success, professional school counselors work in collaboration with
the other school authorities and with the parents of the students. For example, they
cooperate with teachers to better assist students with learning difficulties or behavioral
problems. At times, school counselors are tasked to prepare seminar to facilitate
teachers’ better understanding of the personality dynamics of students. Though
conferences, counselors collaborate with the parents to best facilitate and promote
excellent academic performance of the students.
Finally, counselors also collaborate with the mental health practitioners when a student
needs referral. For example, those with depression may experience hormonal
imbalance resulting in depressive moods. To provide proper response to the
circumstance, the professional help of a psychiatrist or a clinical psychologist is
needed.
Specific Work Areas in which Counselors Work
The scale of counselors in discharging their duties and responsibilities is sometimes
limited on the work areas that they focus. Mostly sometimes these overlapped with other
mental health practitioners and educators, especially when dealing with the student’s welfare.
Nonetheless, their scope work covers a broad area, and sometimes caters a lot of individual
and groups so as to reach more and people may avail of their services.
Areas of Specialization of Counselors
The scope of work of a professional counselor covers a broad area. Some of the role’s
functions require specialization because counselors cater to the various needs of an individual.
Appropriate counseling services are provided given an identified need. Among the following
are some work areas which counselors delves and specializes:

• School Counseling. School counselors help students at all levels to understand and
cope with social, behavioral, and personal problems. School or education counselors
emphasize preventive and developmental counseling to enhance students’ personal,
social, and academic growth and to provide students with the life skills needed to deal
with problems before they worsen.
• Mental Health or Clinical Counseling. Mental health counselors work with
individuals, families, and groups to address and treat mental and emotional disorders
and to promote mental health. They are trained in a variety of therapeutic techniques
used to address issues such as depression, anxiety, addiction and substance abuse,
suicidal impulses, stress, trauma, low self-esteem, and grief.
• Rehabilitation Counseling. These counselors provide counseling, guidance and
case management services to persons with disabilities to assist them in achieving their
psychological, personal, social, and vocational goals. After conferring with the client’s
physicians, psychologists, occupational therapists, and the employer, a rehabilitation
program is initiated.
• Vocational Counselors or career counselors. Help individuals and groups with
career, personal goals, social and educational counseling. Many times, counselors in
this field work with individuals who feel unsatisfied with their career choices, but who
are afraid to make changes because of emotional issues or family or financial
constraints.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 14

• Industrial Counseling. Counselors may also specialize in the industrial setting, where
they could provide workplace counseling to respond to the concern of the employees.
Aside from counseling, they are also tapped in other areas like training or professional
development service or in other activities to help the employees develop soft skills.
• Marriage and Family Counseling. A marriage counselor is an unbiased third party
who can help couples resolve marital problems. Distressed couples seek the help of a
marriage counselor when they don’t want to divorce but aren’t sure how to compromise
on various issues.
• Private Practice. Counselors may have their own wellness center or private clinic.
The clinic can accommodate children and/or adults, depending on the counselor’s
specialization.
• Community Counseling. It is provided to members of the society who encounter
difficulties in the community setting. Counselors who work in the community setting are
usually adept in the community’s background, culture, or practices. They help the
members of the community improve their relationship with each other. Moreover, they
are in charge of helping people adjust and understand their community better to
minimize issues.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 15

Enabling Assessment Activity No. 2

ANSWER SHEET (Please submit only the answers. Do not return the entire module.)

Name: ________________________________ Section: _______________________

LAST NAME, FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL

ENGAGEMENT
Situational Analysis
Objective: Determine the Roles and Functions of a counsellor in the given situations
Directions:
1. Identify what role and function is or is not portrayed in given situations.
2. Provide the role and functions for each given situation. Provide an explanation.
3. Answer the follow-up critical thinking questions.
Situation 1
Counsellor Manabat only sees that students who have financial capacity deserve to go
to better schools. So, he organizes career orientation for students who are in middle class. He
organizes a different career orientation for the others who cannot afford.
Roles and Function:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Situation 2
For Counsellor Domingo, the LGBTQ+ community and students who have
multicultural backgrounds are all accepted in a Catholic school. So, counsellor Domingo
provided a seminar for all the incoming grade 11 and 12 students in the school.
Roles and Function:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Situation 3
The school is having a crisis of academic performance for grades 11 and 12 students.
Their school is having a NAT next month. The principal tapped the services of Guidance
Counsellor Morales for the students’ improvement and development. Ms. Morales requested
a meeting of both the parents, teachers and other related parties to discuss some academic
interventions and rehabilitation measures to promote development of the learners.
Roles and Function:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 16

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. Do you think that when counselors are also determining academic success, it goes
beyond their roles and functions? Should it only be within the expected boundaries of
counseling? Defend your answer.

2. Is counseling strictly for students who have behavioral problems? Should relationship
problems in school count as an aspect to consider in counseling? Defend your answer.

3. Why do you think multiculturalism is a challenge for counselors and educators alike,
especially in achieving academic and career orientation?

5. Can you trust a counselor especially when discussing some of your problems in your
family? Why? Why not? Give your explanation.

6. Why do you think counseling should be a professional one, given that even teachers can
also counsel and give advice? Do you think teachers are also good counsellors? Defend
your answer.

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME AND OF PARENT OR GUARDIAN

DATE: ______________
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 17

Prerequisite Assessment:
1.What are the rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of counselors?

Learning Materials: Module, pen, paper, internet (if applicable)

Prerequisite Content-knowledge: Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling
Prerequisite Skill: Situational Analysis.
INTRODUCTION:
A. TIME ALLOTMENT: 4 hours
B. CONSULTATION: For questions and clarifications, you may consult your subject
teacher on the assigned schedule via face-to-face, FB messenger, mobile number.
C. RUA: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• Value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of counsellors
• Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among counselors.
D. INSTITUTIONAL VALUES: Critical Thinking and Social Awareness
Learners will be able to apply critical thinking in:
• Valuing rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of counselors
• Distinguishing between ethical and unethical behaviors among counselors.

E. OVERVIEW OF THE LESSON

This lesson will provide you with information and activities that will help you
understand the Rights, Responsibilities and Accountabilities of a Counselor

STUDENT’S EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

Professional counselors must not only adhere to the ethics of their profession but also
manifest their commitment. They do so by valuing the rights of individuals and demonstrating
accountability to their clients.
These can be demonstrated by doing the following (PRBGC,2008):
• Respecting the rights and dignity of every human person – professional
counselors must bear in mind that each individual is unique. No matter how unruly or
how disruptive the behavior of an individual is, he or she deserves to be treated fairly,
to be listened to about what he or she thinks and feels, and to be respected.
• Respecting the client’s rights as self-governing individual – counselors feel
responsible for the welfare of their clients. However, counselors must remember that
their clients are capable of helping themselves and are capable of choosing. Therefore,
counselors must communicate trust to their clients to encourage maturity and sense of
responsibility, even outside the counselling session.
• Being committed to the client’s well-being – professional counselors demonstrate
dedication for their work by showing concern to their client during counseling session
and even after the session.
• Being fair to all client’s by providing equal opportunity to all – counselors do not
only provide counseling to few and selected groups, but they accommodate individuals
from all walks of life: students, professionals, and those coming from high or low
socioeconomic conditions. The counselor must render services to whoever is willing
and interested to be professionally helped.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 18

• Enhancing the quality of their professional knowledge and application –

counselors provide quality service by keeping themselves updated on issues and
trends in their profession. Counselors must continuously attend conferences,
conventions, fora, seminars, and the like so they can learn more about their field of
specialization. They must also join and participate in professional organizations aimed
to develop their competencies.
• Being responsive to the society – counselors collaborate with other members of the
community to provide the best services for their clients. For example, they collaborate
with parents, teachers, school administrators, and other stakeholders to further help
the students.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICAL PRINCIPLES IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

Importance of Professional Ethics in Guidance & Counselling

If you work as a counselor, ethical dilemmas are inevitable. Your client may reveal
s/he once committed a felony or that her spouse abuses her, and you have to decide whether
to report this. The client may make a decision you strongly disapprove of, leaving you torn
on whether to support her or not. The various ethical codes for branches of the counseling
professions give you guidance on the tough calls.

• Confidentiality
Confidentiality is an important ethical principle in counseling: You can't help a client
effectively unless she knows you won't betray her secrets. When you hear things you
don't think you should keep secret – your client intends to commit suicide, for
instance – the ethical code guides you in how to respond. The American Counseling
Association's code used to waive confidentiality in the case of "clear and imminent
danger" to someone. In 2005, it revised the standard to say ACA members can
breach confidentiality to prevent "serious and foreseeable harm."
• Relationships
Keeping your client-counselor relationship professional isn't always easy. You may
find you both move in the same social circle, or you might discover a mutual
attraction. Because your patient is in a vulnerable position, that raises the possibility
of exploiting your power, for example, taking advantage of a patient sexually. Your
code of ethics gives you a standard to judge your off-duty relationships, such as that
you shouldn't become romantically or sexually involved with a client until long after
your counseling role has ended.
• Autonomy
Autonomy is a basic moral principle in counseling. People are entitled to make their
own decisions and act on them, and counselors shouldn't try to take that away. In
specific cases, you may have to balance respect for individual choice with other
factors, as when your client isn't capable of rational decisions, or her decisions could
cause serious problems for herself or others. Your professional code can help you
decide when to stand back, when to intervene and when to explain the consequences
of your client's actions but let her make the final decision.
• Professionalism
Having an ethical code also guides you as a career professional interacting with
clients. The ACA states that before any individual agrees to become your client, she
should be able to learn exactly what services, techniques and counseling procedures
you employ and what sort of payment arrangements you expect. She should also
understand the limits of your confidentiality policy. Following a code of ethics means
acting honestly as a business person, as well as a counselor.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 19

Professional & Personal Ethical Issues, Responsibilities & Concerns in Counseling

Mental health counselors help people deal with complex, challenging and personal
issues. Because the nature of the profession puts counselors in a position to know the most
intimate details of a client's life, the ethical responsibilities and concerns of a counselor can
be especially complicated and difficult to resolve.

• Consent and Abandonment

The American Counseling Association's code of ethics specifies that clients have the right
to make informed decisions about whether to seek treatment, what kinds of treatment to
participate in and whether to end treatment. To ensure that the client has the information
needed for informed consent, the counselor must clearly explain what treatment methods
she plans to use, what training and experience she has with those methods and what she
hopes to achieve by using those methods. But the counselor is not as free to end the
relationship as the client is, because counselors are forbidden from abandoning their clients.
If a counselor doesn't feel comfortable or safe with a client or doesn't think she can help him,
she has to try to refer him to another counselor rather than simply dropping him as a client.

• Confidentiality Issues
Under normal circumstances, counselors are expected to keep everything a client tells them
confidential. There are exceptions in situations where the counselor can identify a clear
threat to a specific person or persons, but not when the threat is vague or not directed at a
specific person. This can create a difficult situation when the counselor believes the client is
potentially dangerous, but the client hasn't said anything clear enough to justify a breach of
confidentiality.

• Culture and Bias

Counselors have personal values just like everyone else does, but they aren't allowed to let
those opinions affect how they treat their clients. The American Counseling Association
emphasizes the importance of respecting the client's culture and beliefs and not imposing a
value system on the client. The ethical codes of the National Board for Certified Counselors
and the American Psychological Association have similar requirements. A counselor may
have strong moral objections to a client's lifestyle or decisions but may not pressure the
client to see things differently.

• Financial Issues
Counselors in private practice have to make a profit to stay in business, but not all clients
who need help can afford their services. The code of ethics of the American Counseling
Association encourages counselors to do a certain amount of pro bono work but does not
require it. The ACA also allows counselors to stop treating clients who don't pay their bills.
The National Board for Certified Counselors discourages counselors from accepting any
form of nonmonetary compensation from a client who can't afford to pay, but allows it if there
is no other option and if the trade is fair to the client and documented in writing.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 20

Performance Check No. 2

ANSWER SHEET (Please submit only the answers. Do not return the entire module.)

Name: ________________________________ Section: _______________________

LAST NAME, FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL

Assimilation:
Instruction: Give your position on the scenario that is stated below.
1. In the area of confidentiality of the Code of Ethics, there is a portion on client’s right to
privacy. What if the counselor, in his/her conversation with the client, found out that the client
accidentally killed a person, will you report the client to police or not? Defend your answer.
2. Use a separate sheet for your answer.
3. Please be guided by the rubrics below.

Category 5 4 3 2 1 Score

Content Used Used Used some Used few Did not

substantive many facts to facts to present facts
facts to facts to support all support all to support all
support all support all the the the arguments
the the arguments arguments
arguments arguments

Organization All Most Some Few All arguments

arguments arguments arguments arguments were not
are logically were were were logically
stated and logically logically logically stated and
convincing stated and stated and stated and convincing
convincing convincing convincing

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME AND OF PARENT OR GUARDIAN

DATE: ______________
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 21

Prerequisite Assessment:
1.Who are the clientele and audiences in counseling?

COUNSELING
Learning Materials: Module, pen, paper, internet (if applicable)
Prerequisite Content-knowledge: Value Rights, Responsibilities, And Accountabilities of
Counselors
Prerequisite Skill: Writing a Position Paper
INTRODUCTION:
A. TIME ALLOTMENT: 4 hours
B. CONSULTATION: For questions and clarifications, you may consult your subject
teacher on the assigned schedule via face-to-face, FB messenger, mobile number.
C. RUA: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• Describe the clientele of counseling
• Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in counseling
• Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations, and communities.
D. INSTITUTIONAL VALUES: Critical Thinking and Social Awareness
Learners will be able to apply critical thinking in:
• Describing the clientele of counseling
• Illustrating the different processes and methods involved in counseling
• Distinguishing the needs of individuals, groups, organizations, and
communities
E. OVERVIEW OF THE LESSON
In this module, you will be provided with in-depth insights and activities to help you
understand why counsellors need to distinguish the needs of the clients.
.
STUDENT’S EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
Most often, people who seek counseling are overwhelmed by emotions: pain,
desperation, anger, or sadness. It is thus common for clients to share feelings about losing
control of their lives. These are common sentiments because the clients are overwhelmed by
uncertainties about their future.
Individuals
• In the school setting, counseling is provided by the Guidance and Counseling
Department. Guidance and counseling services in the elementary often deal with
pupils’ concerns, most of which are behavioral. On the other hand, counseling services
offered in high school and college are primarily about career plans or relationships.
• In the industry setting, counseling responds to the concerns of employees or
professionals. Difficulties in the workplace are as varied as those in the school setting.
A few examples are family problems, career-related concerns, and even financial
difficulties that affect the workers’ performance. The Human Resource Department
(HRD), is assigned for the welfare and development of employees. This office is also
providing counseling to the workers.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 22

Groups and Organizations

The group clientele of counseling consists of people who either share similar concerns
or benefit from giving support to one another. A program is prepared for these groups to assist
them in the difficulties they encounter. These are some of the groups and organizations a
counselor reaches out to:

• Students with academic difficulties

• Honor students
• Students with career uncertainties
• Children of OFW parents and single parents
• International students
• Students living in dormitories or away from home
• Individuals with socioemotional concerns
• Victims of disasters
• Peer facilitators

Communities
Guidance counselors also work in partnership with other members of the school
community such as parents and school authorities.

• Parents – in order to address students’ needs, collaborative efforts between parents

and counselors are being done through conferences or meetings. Counselors meet
with the parents of students who often demonstrate behavioral problems. This meeting
is aimed at discussing possible ways for the parents to provide positive support to their
child.
• School authorities – school authorities and administrators, like teachers, department
heads, and principals are also counted as clientele of guidance counselors. A
counselor can meet with the teachers to help them understand the psychological
aspects affecting the students’ learning process. As such, counselors encourage
teachers to refer students who seem to have difficulties in the classroom. Counseling
and preventive guidance activities are given to provide immediate assistance to
students with identified learning problems. Furthermore, counselors may carry out
seminars and workshops on effective classroom management, career anchors, and
handling bullying or depression to help teachers and administrators understand their
students’ needs and concerns.

PROCESSES AND METHODS IN COUNSELING

Counseling Processes
The dynamics of the counseling process is influenced by therapeutic factors or the
active ingredients or core elements in every therapeutic approach. Regardless of the
approaches used, a therapeutic relationship with the client has to be achieved as it will
facilitate the client’s exploration of the self and will assist him or her in achieving full well-being.
Counseling has no model strictly followed because it involves various approaches and
techniques. One of the most common models of a counseling process is this six-stage
counseling process:

Stage 1: Establishing rapport with the client

Relationship is central in counseling. Both the counselor and counselee have
responsibilities in order to contribute to rapport building that leads to therapeutic alliance. As
a counselor, you have to bear in mind that clients need to feel respected, accepted, and
listened to. The counselor should present an inviting therapeutic environment, which can only
be created by demonstrating acceptance and empathy characterized by warmth.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 23

The most important aspect is the mindset of both the counselor and counselee upon
entering into the counseling relationship. The counselee, on his or her part, can help in
establishing rapport by collaborating with the counselor, participating in the identification of
reasons for concern, and working with the counselor in the determination of the best possible
solution to a concern.

Stage 2: Assessment
Careful assessment should be done in order to accurately pinpoint the real cause of
problems. Assessment includes data-gathering methods such as interviews, behavioral
observations, psychological tests, mental health status, and other empirically validated
instruments. All the gathered information will be integrated and used to formulate a case
summary.

Stage 3: Treatment planning

Treatment planning, or the formulation of counseling goals, should be a product of
collaboration between the counselor and client. This requires the client’s active participation
in generating the goals of the sessions (called therapeutic goals). The treatment plan, in turn,
is tailored to respond to the clients’ specific needs, where the counselor presents options and
the client chooses according to his or her deemed primary concerns. The therapeutic goals
must be optimistic, realistic and achievable. The plan should be attainable so that the client
will not be frustrated when he or she works out to fulfil these.

Stage 4: Intervention and problem-solving

The counselor guides the counselee in aligning the intervention with the identified
counseling goals. Counseling interventions are used to assist the client in gaining insight about
his/her situation and, eventually in taking the appropriate actions that will facilitate change and
improve the quality of his/her life. According to Corey and Corey (2007), insights are helpful,
yet, the client’s actions or behaviors are more important. For instance, many counselees would
share their intelligent insights about their situation and enumerate better ways to cope with
their difficulties during the counseling session. However, when they are on their own, they
forget about these ideas and insights. As a result, they disregard all plans and resolutions
made to change their circumstances for the better.

Stage 5: Evaluation
During this stage, implemented intervention and its outcomes are evaluated in terms
of accomplishments of agreed goals. One form of evaluation is formative evaluation, which is
consistently conducted throughout the counseling process. Using survey forms, their thoughts
and comments on how the counseling sessions or the other services helped them were
identified. Another method of evaluating is summative evaluation. This type of evaluation
assesses counseling outcomes. This involves interviewing and observing the client to evaluate
the outcomes of the counselling sessions, validate the emotions felt in relation to changes that
have happened, and assesses the client’s ability to make wise decisions on his or her own.

Stage 6:
The counseling process is terminated after the outcomes are evaluated and the
counselor and the counselee have mutually agreed that the set of goals have been achieved.
Termination provides a sense of closure for both the counselee and the counselor.
Preparations for termination include promoting the client’s independence and responsibility,
assisting them to identify their problems, teaching them to plan for future situations, and
helping them set up long-term goals. Possible relapse or recurrence of same problems is
discussed during termination so that signs and symptoms are identified and thus avoided.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 24

COUNSELING METHODS
The counseling methods or techniques carried out in counseling interventions depend
on the chosen counseling of the professional counselor. These approaches view an individual
to understand how he or she thinks, feels, and behaves.

Approaches in Counseling
• Brief Counseling Approach – this is popularly known as solution-focused brief
counseling (SFBC). Instead of focusing on the client’s problems, this approach
focuses on the solution that works for the client.
This approach proposes that:
➢ When clients concentrate on success, it will lead to positive change.
➢ By determining moments or occasions when symptoms do not occur, clients
are given the opportunity to generate solutions.
➢ Clients must trust that small positive changes can facilitate bigger changes.
➢ All clients have the capacity to solve their problems, particularly during the
absence of emotional distress.
➢ Clients must identify goals that are positive and measurable.
• Adlerian or Psychodynamic Approach – the primary goal of this approach is to
recognize and understand the objective reasons for one’s experiences. These reasons
may be different from the perspective of the client or how the clients view their lives.
• Gestalt Approach – is a German word that means “a structured, meaningful unity that
stands out against a background in the organism/environment field”. This suggests
that this approach focuses on present moment experiences, existential meaning,
interpersonal relationships, and integration of the whole person. The Gestalt approach
intends to help the clients understand the meaning and purpose of their experiences
by increasing their awareness of what is happening in the present moment.
• Social Learning Approach – this approach suggests that clients learn to do their
tasks and exhibit behaviors by simply observing and imitating others. Studies have
shown that individuals do not just execute a behavior (Nabavi, 2012). Individuals can
think and plan their actions before executing it.
• Cognitive Approach – this approach believes that clients improve their situations by
perceiving and thinking about problems and solutions through different perspectives
or by seeing the situation from different lenses. It contends that the clients’ thoughts
affect their feelings and behaviors.
• Behavioral Approach – this approach contends that learning happens when a
particular behavior reinforced by the presence of a reward or discouraged by either
giving a punishment or removing a potential reward. Behaviors that are rewarded tend
to be performed more frequently. On the other hand, behaviors that are not rewarded
decrease in occurrence. At the same time, behaviors that receive punishment either
increase or decrease in occurrence.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 25

Enabling Assessment Activity No. 3

ANSWER SHEET (Please submit only the answers. Do not return the entire module.)

Name: ________________________________ Section: _______________________

LAST NAME, FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL

Engagement
Talk to someone whom you know has personal issues, concerns, or rants in life. Talk
to him or her as if you are a counselor. Observe his or her attitudes and behaviors. After talking
to him/her, make a summary of what has transpired. Where is he or she coming from? What
method/s should you consider in dealing with the problem? What are your reflections? Do this
in a sheet of bond paper.

A Day as a Counsellor

Client’s Name (optional): _______________________________

Issues:

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Method/s of Counselling: _____________________________________________________

Could the method/s be helpful? In what ways?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

What are your reflections?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 26

Rubrics for Scoring the Output

Criteria Exemplary Accomplished Developing Beginning
10 8 6 4
Organization Good Organized; points Some Poorly organized;
organization; are somewhat organization; logical
points are jumpy; sense of points jump progression;
logically ordered; beginning and around; beginning and
sharp sense of ending beginning and ending are vague
beginning and ending are
end unclear
Quality of Supporting Some details are Details are Unable to find
Information details specific to non-supporting somewhat specific details
subject to the subject sketchy. Do not
support topic.

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME AND OF PARENT OR GUARDIAN

DATE: ______________
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 27

Prerequisite Assessment:
1. What is social work?

Learning Materials: Module, pen, paper, internet (if applicable)

Prerequisite Content-knowledge: Clientele and Audiences in Counseling
Prerequisite Skill: A day as a counselor.
INTRODUCTION:
A. TIME ALLOTMENT: 4 hours
B. CONSULTATION: For questions and clarifications, you may consult your subject
teacher on the assigned schedule via face-to-face, FB messenger, mobile number.
C. RUA: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• identify the goals and scope of social work
• explain the principles and core values of social work
• explain the roles and functions of social workers
• identify specific work areas in which social workers work
• value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities
• distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among practitioners
• describe the clientele of social work.
D. INSTITUTIONAL VALUES: Critical Thinking and Social Awareness
Learners will be able to apply critical thinking in:
• identifying the goals and scope of social work
• explaining the principles and core values of social work

E. OVERVIEW OF THE LESSON

This lesson is designed to identify the goals and scope of social work. It introduces students
to the profession of social work and help them understand it.

STUDENT’S EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

Chunk 1:

Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes

social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of
people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for
diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences,
humanities and indigenous knowledge, social work engages people and structures to address
life challenges and enhance well-being. The above definition may be amplified at national
and/or regional levels.
It is through a greater appreciation of the discipline of social work that you will be
motivated to engage even in the simplest act of kindness and concern toward others. Social
work does not need to be institutional, nor be a grand gesture of charity.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 28

GOALS AND SCOPE OF SOCIAL WORK

The concern of social work is to help people who are in need so that they develop the
capacity to deal with their problems by themselves. It is both a science and an art. Social work
is science in the sense that the knowledge taken from different disciplines forms the body of
knowledge for a social worker and uses this theoretical base for helping people i.e., for
practice. What theory postulates has to be put into practice. The required capacity to do it is
known as skill. Hence, professional social work with selected knowledge and the set of social
work values, has to be transformed into a professional service. A social worker has to establish
a positive relationship with the clients. She should know how to interview and write reports.
One should be able to diagnose i.e., find out the cause for the problem and finally should work
out a treatment plan. An assessment of the problem, planning for its solution, implementing
the plan and evaluating the outcome are the four major steps involved in social work. Social
worker's keen interest in helping the client alone will not solve the problem. One should know
how to help clients. The methods of social work will help his/her to understand ways of helping
people. Scope of social work methods are:

• Social case work deals with individual problems - individual in the total environment
or as a part of it. An individual is involved in the problem as he is unable to deal with it
on his own, because of reasons beyond his control. His anxiety sometimes temporarily
makes him incapable of solving it. In any case, his social functioning is disturbed. The
case worker gets information regarding the client's total environment, finds out the
causes, prepares a treatment plan and with professional relationship tries to bring
about a change in the perception and attitudes of the client.
• Social group work is a social work service in which a professionally qualified person
helps individuals through group experience so as to help them move towards improved
relationships and social functioning. In group work individuals are important and they
are helped to improve their social relationships, with flexible programs, giving
importance to the personality development of the individual in group functioning and
relationships. The group is the medium and through it and in it, individuals are helped
to make necessary changes and adjustments.
• Community Organization is another method of social work. Being made up of groups,
a community means an organized system of relationships but in reality no community
is perfectly organized. Community Organization is a process by which a systematic
attempt is made to improve relationships in a community. Identifying the problems,
finding out resources for solving community problems, developing social relationships
and necessary programs to realize the objectives of the community are all involved in
community organization. In this way the community can become self-reliant and
develop a co-operative attitude among its members.
• Social Welfare Administration is a process through which social work services both
I private and public, are organized and administered. Developing programs, mobilizing
resources, involving selection and recruitment of personnel, proper I organization,
coordination, providing skillful and sympathetic leadership, guidance I i and
supervision of the staff, dealing with financing and budgeting of the program and
evaluation are, some of the functions of a social worker in administration.
• Social work research is a systematic investigation for finding out new facts, test old
hypotheses, verify existing theories and discover causal relationships of the problems
in which the social worker is interested. In order to scientifically initiate any kind of
social work programs, a systematic study of the given situation is necessary, through
social work research and surveys.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 29

• Social action aims at bringing about desirable changes to ensure social progress.
Creating awareness about social problems, mobilizing resources, encouraging
different sectors of people to raise their voice against undesirable practices, and also
creating pressure to bring about legislation are some of the activities of the social
workers using the method of social action. It seeks to achieve a proper balance
between community needs and solutions mainly through individual and group
initiatives and self-help activities.

The goal and scope of social work as laid down here are noble and broad- to help an
individual be included in society and to transform the very society that creates structures that
marginalize individuals from full participation in the enjoyments of social services and
resources of the community. Change sought is one that makes an individual and the
community a better place for everyone.

Chunk 2:

PRINCIPLES AND CORE VALUES OF SOCIAL WORK

Social welfare overlaps with other institutions such as family, education, religion, and
politics, and that much of the services it offers may be defined as “those systems of services
and allied occupations and professions that concentrate on improving or maintaining the
physical and mental health and general well-being of individuals, groups, or communities in a
society” (Zastrow,1996).
Social work scholar Alfred Kahn (as cited in Zastrow,1996) enumerated four categories
of social services which people can avail:
• Personal services (casework, counseling, recreation, rehabilitation, religion, therapy)
• Protection services (consumer protection, corrections, courts, fire
prevention/firefighting, housing-code enforcement, law enforcement, public health
services)
• Information/advising services (consulting, consumer information, education,
financial counseling, hotlines, and library services)
• Maintenance services (childcare, institutional services, public welfare programs)
As the popular saying goes, “with great power comes great responsibility.” Social
workers wield power to make people’s lives better. But when they exercise their power to help,
social workers are also bound to certain expectations of how they must conduct themselves
when performing their jobs. There are virtues and core values of social work that are deeply
rooted in the ethical principles of the profession.
In the determination and pursuit of its aims, social work is committed to the following
core values: human rights and human dignity, social justice, service, importance of
human relationships, integrity, and competence. These values determine the principles to
which each social worker should aspire.
The following table shows a few of the most important values and ethical principles
promoted by the U.S. National Association of Social Workers.
VALUE ETHICAL PRINCIPLE
Service Social workers’ primary goal is to help people in need
Social justice Social workers challenge social injustice
Dignity and worth of the person Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth
of the person
Importance of human relationships Social workers recognize the central importance of
human relationships
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 30

VALUE ETHICAL PRINCIPLE

Integrity Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner
Competence Social workers practice within the areas of
competence and develop and enhance their
professional expertise

The Philippine Association of Social Workers explicitly states in its Social Workers’
Code of Ethics the following principles and values:

• Inherent dignity and worth of all persons

• Natural and social rights, capacities, and responsibilities
• Value of unity in diversity, individual differences, and pluralism in society
• Free society
• Growth and development of the individual, the family system, and the community
• Social justice and political, economic, and social well-being of all people
• Social workers as agents and advocates of change
• Promotion of professionalism, responsibility, and accountability
• Professional practice deeply rooted in cultural values

Chunk 3:

PROFESSIONALS AND PRACTITIONERS IN SOCIAL WORK

The social work professionals and practitioners are aware that their profession is based
on the principles of human rights and social justice that serve to empower individuals, groups,
and communities to develop their full potential and well-being.
The focus of intervention in social work is the relationship between the individual and
their immediate and wider social environment. Particular emphasis is placed on meeting the
needs of vulnerable and marginalized individuals and groups (Social Workers Registration
Board 2004).
LIST OF AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS:

• domestic violence • private practice

• poverty • research work
• child abuse and homelessness • social policy advocacies
• hospital settings • hospice and palliative care

ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WORKERS

Most of us have a pretty good idea of what we what we expect from a doctor or a
teacher. For social work, the role expectations are not quite as clearly understood by the
general public. Perhaps this is because there are so many professional roles in social work.
The number and diversity of social work roles provide opportunity for a great deal of creativity
in practice.”—Suppes, M., Cressey Wells, C. (2003)
Here are some of the roles and functions of social workers:

• Advocate
In this role, social workers fight for the rights of others and work to obtain needed resources
by convincing others of the legitimate needs and rights of members of society. Social workers
are particularly concerned for those who are vulnerable or are unable to speak up for
themselves. Advocacy can occur on the local, county, state or national level. Some social
workers are involved in international human rights and advocacy for those in need.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 31

• Case Manager
Case managers are involved in locating services and assisting their clients to access those
services. Case management is especially important for complex situations and for those who
are homeless or elderly, have chronic physical or mental health issues, are disabled, victims
of domestic or other violent crimes, or are vulnerable children.
• Educator
Social Workers are often involved in teaching people about resources and how to develop
particular skills such as budgeting, the caring and discipline of children, effective
communication, the meaning of a medical diagnosis, and the prevention of violence.
• Facilitator
In this role, social workers are involved in gathering groups of people together for a variety of
purposes including community development, self-advocacy, political organization, and policy
change. Social workers are involved as group therapists and task group leaders.
• Organizer
Social Workers are involved in many levels of community organization and action including
economic development, union organization, and research and policy specialists.
• Manager
Social Workers, because of their expertise in a wide variety of applications, are well suited to
work as managers and supervisors in almost any setting. As managers, they are better able
to influence policy change and/or development, and to advocate, on a larger scale, for all
underprivileged people.

Chunk 4:

ETHICAL AND UNETHICAL BEHAVIORS AMONG PRACTITIONERS OF SOCIAL WORK

Social workers have a very crucial role in the society, it is their sworn duty to protect
the well-being of individuals who are in need of their help. Here in the Philippines, the practice
of welfare work is legally mandated and that they are being guided by the Code of Ethics a
bit like the opposite professionals.
The Code of Ethics elaborates the standards of ethics, conducts, and performance
expected to a registered social worker. There are many things that a Social Worker needs to
consider; respect for the inherent dignity and worth of individuals, the pursuit of social justice,
integrity of professional practice, confidentiality in professional practice, and competence in
professional practice.
Critical to any code of ethics is explicit provisions of ethical principle and ethical
standards and should come into specific enforceable guidelines for professional conduct in
details that might provide objective professional judgment and make it easier to spot the
particular violations after they occur.

Ethical Principles
Here are samples of ethical principle and ethical standards were adapted from the
Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. These are broad ethical
principles are supported social work's core values of service, social justice, dignity and value
of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, and competence. These principles
set forth ideals to which all social workers should follow.

Value: Service
Ethical Principle: Social workers' primary goal is to help people in need and to address social
problems.
Social workers elevate service to others above self-interest. Social workers draw on
their knowledge, values, and skills to help people in need and to address social problems.
Social workers are encouraged to volunteer some portion of their professional skills with no
expectation of significant financial return (pro bono service).
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 32

Value: Social Justice

Ethical Principle: Social workers challenge social injustice.
Social workers pursue social change, particularly with and on behalf of vulnerable and
oppressed individuals and groups of people. Social workers' social change efforts are focused
primarily on issues of poverty, unemployment, discrimination, and other forms of social
injustice. These activities seek to promote sensitivity to and knowledge about oppression and
cultural and ethnic diversity. Social workers strive to ensure access to needed information,
services, and resources; equality of opportunity; and meaningful participation in decision
making for all people.

Value: Dignity and Worth of the Person

Ethical Principle: Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person.
Social workers treat each person in a caring and respectful fashion, mindful of
individual differences and cultural and ethnic diversity. Social workers promote clients' socially
responsible self-determination. Social workers seek to enhance clients' capacity and
opportunity to change and to address their own needs. Social workers are cognizant of their
dual responsibility to clients and to the broader society. They seek to resolve conflicts between
clients' interests and the broader society's interests in a socially responsible manner consistent
with the values, ethical principles, and ethical standards of the profession.

Value: Importance of Human Relationships

Ethical Principle: Social workers recognize the central importance of human relationships.
Social workers understand that relationships between and among people are an
important vehicle for change. Social workers engage people as partners in the helping
process. Social workers seek to strengthen relationships among people in a purposeful effort
to promote, restore, maintain, and enhance the well-being of individuals, families, social
groups, organizations, and communities.

Value: Integrity
Ethical Principle: Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner.
Social workers are continually aware of the profession's mission, values, ethical
principles, and ethical standards and practice in a manner consistent with them. Social
workers act honestly and responsibly and promote ethical practices on the part of the
organization with which they are affiliated.

Value: Competence
Ethical Principle: Social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and
enhance their professional expertise.
Social workers continually strive to increase their professional knowledge and skills
and to apply them in practice. Social workers should aspire to contribute to the knowledge
base of the profession.

ETHICAL STANDARDS
The following ethical standards are relevant to the professional activities of all social workers.
These standards concern (1) to clients, (2) to colleagues, (3) in practice settings, (4) as
professionals, (5) to the social work profession, and (6) to the broader society.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 33

GUIDELINES FOR THE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

The following guidelines for professional conduct reflect the spirit of a code of ethics.
It consists the ethical specifics in the professional conduct of social workers culled from the
Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics for Social Workers devised by the Social Workers
Registration Board (SWRB) at CORU (2011) and the Ethics in Social Work Statement of
Principles by the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) (2004):

• Social workers are expected to uphold human rights in their practice.

• Social workers are expected to respect the rights and dignity of people.
• Social workers are expected to respect the relationships of people who use their
services.
• Social workers should promote social justice.
• Social workers should comply with the laws and regulations governing their practice.
• Social workers should carry out their duties professionally and ethically.
• Social workers should demonstrate ethical awareness.
• Social workers should demonstrate professional accountability.
• Social workers should act in the best interest of people who use their service.
• Social workers should communicate with people who use their services careers and
professionals.
• Social workers should seek informed consent of the people who use their services,
• Social workers should keep accurate records.
• Social workers should deal appropriately with health and safety risks.
• Social workers should willingly collaborate, delegate, and manage appropriately.
• Social workers should undertake research ethically.
• Social workers should maintain high standards of personal conduct.
• Social workers should act with integrity.
• Social workers should provide accurate information about their conduct and
competence.
• Social workers should treat information about people who use their services as
confidential except in situations that call for a greater ethical requirement such as the
preservation of life.
• Social workers should act within the limits of their professional knowledge, skills, and
experience.
• Social workers should keep their professional knowledge and skills up to date so that
they are able to provide appropriate services.

Chunk 5:

CLIENTELE AND SETTINGS IN SOCIAL WORK

Social workers are found in every facet of community life, including schools, hospitals,
mental health clinics, senior centers, elected office, private practices, prisons, military,
corporations, and in numerous public and private agencies.
Some social workers help clients who face a disability or a life-threatening disease or
a social problem, such as inadequate housing, unemployment, or substance abuse. Social
workers also assist families that have serious domestic conflicts, sometimes involving child or
spousal abuse.
Some social workers conduct research, advocate for improved services, engage in
systems design or are involved in planning or policy development. Many social workers
specialize in serving a particular population or working in a specific setting.

• Child and Family Social Work

 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 34

Many bachelor's and master's degree programs allow students the opportunity to
specialize in child and family social work, also sometimes referred to as child welfare.
On the bachelor's level of practice, child and family social work usually involves
working to improve the welfare and safety of children, adolescents and their families.
Typical job settings might include working for your state's child protective services
agency as a CPS caseworker where you make home visits and investigate allegations
of child abuse and neglect. Master's level practitioners who specialize in child and
family social work may decide to work in clinical settings providing mental health
services, such as assessment, diagnosis or individual, group and family therapy, to
children and their families.
• School Social Work
School social workers provide assessments, intervention and counseling to students
throughout their educational careers. A school social work specialization is intended
for students who already know that they want to ultimately work in a school. School
social workers are usually master's level practitioners, so this specialization is offered
in master's degree programs. In this track of study, you will take specific coursework
in school social work. You may also interact with school personnel and parents and
provide direct services to students during your internship.
• Social Work and the Aging
Social workers are often called upon to provide services to older adults, including
assessments, supportive counseling and advocacy. Bachelor's and master's level
students interested in working with older adults may decide to specialize in social work
for the aging population. Specializing in this field provides you with the education and
experience you'll need to work in some common settings, such as home health-care
agencies or community centers for older adults. In some programs, this specialization
may be grouped in with other closely-related fields, like health, or may be referred to
as gerontological social work.
• Clinical Social Work
The specialization in clinical social work, also often referred to as a mental health
specialization, is generally only available to master's level students, as clinical social
workers must have a master's degree to practice. However, some undergraduate
programs may offer a specialization in mental health or addictions, which prepares
students for more advanced study on the master's level. Clinical social work
specializations focus on assessment, diagnosis and treatment of mental illness and
psychological disorders and the treatment of relationship and family problems. Clinical
social workers are employed in settings such as private practice, mental health clinics,
hospitals and community centers.
• Community and Social Work
Community social workers help communities function. Some work directly with
individuals, conducting needs assessments and making referrals to resources in the
community. Others assess needs on a larger scale. They may plan and administer
programs.
One type of community social work practice is community organization. Social workers
may be community builders or community organizers. They may be employed by
various nonprofits and grassroots organizations to raise funds, write grants, drum up
support, plan infrastructure. A social work degree is not a requirement for community
organizing, but does provide a direct path into the field.

RIGHTS, RESPONSIBILITIES, AND ACCOUNTABILITIES

It is not only about the fact that social work is always concerned with the clients and
service oriented but it’s also about the social work’s rights, responsibilities and accountabilities
like any other professions.
It is the right to achieve professional mandates or what is asked for the social worker
to do in order for the social worker to help the clients, general public and the society and live
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 35

by its value. A social worker must respect the clients. Social work responsibilities involve those
situations that concern its basic functions, professional standards, roles, and adherence to the
local and international code of ethics. Lastly it is accountable to the clients, general public and
the society. A social worker must not only entertain but also accommodate them by
interviewing them and processing other necessary documents that the clients, general public,
and the society submitted to the social workers. And then social workers will finally assure the
positive results in the said transactions.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 36

Enabling Assessment Activity No. 4

ANSWER SHEET (Please submit only the answers. Do not return the entire module.)

Name: ________________________________ Section: _______________________

LAST NAME, FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL

Engagement
Direction: Read the situations below. Suppose you are a social worker involved in those
cases, how would you react to the given situations? Justify your decision based on the
principles of social work. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Linda is the social worker responsible of orphan brothers Lito and Eddie. Every day, the
brothers are often found marketing newspapers in the street. Like several less fortunate kids,
they need to satisfy kind foster parents and live like kids in their age. However, of the two,
solely Lito is cooperative and friendly. Linda finds Eddie difficult to contend with. Eddie seldom
expresses himself and sometimes throws temper and tantrums. Linda considers passing Lito
and Eddie’s case file to a different social worker. If you were Linda, what would you do?

2. As a social worker and a devote Catholic, Amelia makes an attempt to integrate into her
practice the teaching of her religion. One day, she was told to travel to the station to mediate
a gay couple, Rico and Ben apparently, a jealous and drunk Rico turned violent on Ben once
he saw him being friendly with a reasonably neighbor. Ben refused to file a case against his
partner. He insisted that it absolutely was his fault for not considering the emotions of an
already depressed Rico, who simply laid from his job. If you were Amelia, what would you tell
the couple? Justify your answer.

3. Pedro was being listed in a Drug program in order to break his dependency. In one of your
sessions, he discovered that some years past, he accidentally killed a security guard
throughout an armed robbery. He was never caught by the police, however, another man was
condemned for the crime and he's currently in jail for a lengthy sentence. For many days, you
have been associate attempting to win over Pedro that he ought to seek advice from the police
in order to free an innocent man from the jail. Raul adamantly refuses to pay attention to your
suggestion. How would you react to the given situation?

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME AND OF PARENT OR GUARDIAN

DATE: ______________
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 37

Prerequisite Assessment:
1. What are the needs of individuals, groups, organization and communities?

INDIVIDUALS, GROUPS, ORGANIZATIONS, AND

Learning Materials: Module, pen, paper, internet (if applicable)

Prerequisite Content-knowledge: The Discipline of Social Work
Prerequisite Skill: Situational Analysis.
INTRODUCTION:
A. TIME ALLOTMENT: 4 hours
B. CONSULTATION: For questions and clarifications, you may consult your subject
teacher on the assigned schedule via face-to-face, FB messenger, mobile number.
C. RUA: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations and communities
• Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in undertaking social
work.
D. INSTITUTIONAL VALUES: Critical Thinking and Social Awareness
Learners will be able to apply critical thinking in:
• Distinguishing the needs of individuals, groups, organizations and communities
• Illustrating the different processes and methods involved in undertaking social
work

E. OVERVIEW OF THE LESSON

This lesson will provide you with information and various activities that will help you understand
the needs of individuals, groups, organization and communities as clients and audiences of
social work.

STUDENT’S EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

Chunk 1:
A well-functioning society is one where every member is able to participate. In order
for its members to participate more effectively, this society must then ensure the welfare and
well-being of each of its members. Welfare and well-being are synonymous terms that
generally refer to the condition of an individual or group in terms of its social, economic,
psychological, spiritual, or medical state.
Since social work is considered to be one of the professions that have the responsibility
and mandate to provide social services, social workers should be rigorously trained and must
acquire the expertise needed to provide the necessary services to their clients.
Social workers “intervene” to provide individuals, families, small groups, organizations,
neighborhoods, and communities the services they need.
• Social work with Individuals
Many social workers are exposed to dealing with individuals in public or private institutions or
in private practice. Social workers help individuals on a one-to-one basis to resolve personal
and social problems. Social workers must be able to provide a skilled and personal service to
the client.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 38

• Social work with Families

The family is regarded as the most basic unit in Philippine society. Families are usually close-
knit; thus, the welfare of one member of the family concerns other members. Helping one
member thus means helping the entire family. Participation of all members makes the helping
or treatment process more effective. Family problems may be referred to social services
through family counseling or therapy.
• Social work with Groups
Social workers provide help to groups through various types of settings (Zastrow,1996):
➢ Social conversation groups – these are groups formed by people who have similar
experiences and who would like to share these experiences to each other for
introspection and for assistance.
➢ Recreation groups – members of these groups participate in activities for enjoyment
and exercise.
➢ Recreation-skill groups – these are task-oriented groups led by an adviser, coach,
or instructor so that members can develop certain set of skills, while at the same time
enjoying recreation activities.
➢ Education groups – almost similar to recreation-skill groups, education groups also
require the development of knowledge and more complex skills, but these group
resemble a class, with considerable group interaction where discussions are
encouraged.
➢ Task groups – these are instructional rather than recreational groups that are
assigned with specific set of tasks or objectives.
➢ Problem-solving and decision-making groups – these groups are given scenarios
similar to their own, which they need to process so they can come up with various
solutions.
➢ Self-help groups – these groups composed of volunteer members within the same
socioeconomic backgrounds who come together to solve common problems through
self-help and mutual help.
➢ Socialization groups – these groups are meant to make members’ attitudes and
behaviors more socially acceptable through social skills development, increase of self-
confidence, and improvement of planning abilities.
➢ Therapy groups – members of these groups provide counsel for those with severe
emotional and personal problems.
➢ Sensitivity groups – the main goal of these groups is to improve interpersonal
awareness by making people relate to one another in an intimate manner and self-
disclosure through group experiences.

• Social work with Organizations

In organizations, people work together to accomplish tasks and achieve goals that cannot be
achieved by an individual. This is the reason why organizations are important for social work
practice. Further, social workers are defined through the roles they play, the interactions they
initiate, and their control of the organizations that provide help. Social workers are sought by
clients when organizations fail to help during the clients’ critical moment of survival. Since
social workers link clients and social services, some social workers still acquire resources from
organizations that clients are not able to directly access.
• Social work with the Community
The common misconceptions in doing social work with the community include the seemingly
complex and abstract skills and techniques that must be learned to deal with communities.
Some also think that there are fewer rewards and less exciting prospects in doing community
social work. Furthermore, Zastrow suggested that:
➢ The most basic skill needed in community practice is the ability to work effectively with
people;
➢ Community practice primarily involves working with individuals and with groups;
➢ Every practicing social worker occasionally becomes involved in community projects;
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 39

➢ Seeing a community project developed, approved, and implemented is immensely

gratifying; and
➢ Community practice efforts are often fun
Community practice is defined by Zastrow as “the process of stimulating and assisting the
local community to evaluate, plan, and coordinate efforts to provide for the community’s health,
welfare, and recreation needs”.

Chunk 2:

PROCESSES AND METHODS OF SOCIAL WORK

A single ailing body part can often affect the rest of the body adversely. Similarly, a
neglected, uncared for, marginalized, or disenfranchised member of society significantly
affects the entire community or society. It is important to note, however, that social problems
are inevitable because these inequities keep the world in constant balance.

THE SOCIAL WORK PROCESS

In the practice setting, social workers utilize the generalist intervention model. The
generalist intervention model is a multilevel approach that allows social workers to work within
a variety of environments, whether it be on a micro, mezzo, or macro level. It rests on 4 major
premises:
• Human behavior is inextricably connected to the social and physical environment.
• Opportunities for enhancing the functioning of any human system include changing the
system itself, modifying its interactions with the environment, and altering other
systems within its environment.
• Work with any level of a human system—from individual to society—uses similar social
work processes.
• Generalist practitioners have responsibilities beyond direct practice to work toward just
social policies as well as to conduct and apply research.

Below are 4 of the crucial stages in the Generalist Intervention Model.

• The ENGAGEMENT STAGE of social work practice is when the social worker and the
client have their first interaction. It can last anywhere from a couple of minutes to an
hour or more, depending on the circumstances and avenue of practice. It is crucial for
the worker to not only be friendly and open to the client in order to establish a level of
trust, but also to have excellent listening and questioning skills in order to get an idea
of what the true problem or problems are. Skills necessary to implement on the part of
the social worker include eye contact, empathy and empathetic responses, open
ended question, focusing on the client's thoughts and feelings, active listening to
ensure the client is heard, and note taking for assessment purposes. Use the 'All About
Me' assessment, which covers questions relating to the client's family, favorite and
hobbies, and future aspirations, and the likes.
• The ASSESSMENT STAGE is when the social worker and the client review the
information shared by the client to develop strategies for intervening. Social workers
utilize their abilities to reiterate what was said in order to clarify with the client.
Strengths in the client that are recognized by the social worker are shared and
reiterated to the client to boost confidence in both the client and the helping process.
Systems that affect the client are also shared so the client is able to see where he or
she spends his or her time and how that can have a positive or negative experiences.
Missing information is also gathered so a clear picture can be painted in order for the
social worker and the client to begin establishing an action plan for change.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 40

• INTERVENING in the client involves both the planning and implementing stages of
the Generalist Intervention Model. In the planning stage the social worker begins
working with the client, and much like the assessing stage begins developing a plan
with the client in order to accomplish goals that work to resolve the targeted issues.
Specific actions and objectives are created in order for the goals to become more
attainable. If needed a contract can be drafted in order to ensure that the goals and
objectives are clear, concise, and easily understood by both parties. Implementation
then is when the contract is executed, and each side does their part in ensuring the
contract gets met. The contract can be revised if both parties agree to a revision. The
social worker is generally responsible for monitoring progress and attaining information
so services can be rendered to the client. The client then acts on those services and
implements the objectives and actions in order for the goals to be achieved.
• The EVALUATION STAGE is executed throughout the intervention stage and is
crucial to determining whether goals have been met. Evaluations can take the forms
of a questionnaire, a one on one meeting where the social worker receives feedback
from the client about the process, a goal attainment scale which the client fills out, and
many other ways. The hope is that the goals are met and the client begins to feel better
and takes steps to independently continue to work on the issues. However sometimes
it is necessary to begin the assessment and implementation stages over if the client
feels that specific issues were not adequately addressed.
 Colegio de Los Baños – DIASS 41

Performance Check 3

ANSWER SHEET (Please submit only the answers. Do not return the entire module.)

Name: ________________________________ Section: _______________________

LAST NAME, FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL

Engagement: Role Playing (Group Activity)

Direction:
Portray a specific situation (refer to Lesson 2 activity) that would require a person to
go under a counselling session. The recorded role play must show the processes and
methods of counselling as well as the reason for counselling until the end of
counselling session and will be uploaded in YouTube. Send the link to your subject
teacher as you will be graded based from the rubric below.

Rubric for Role Playing

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME AND OF PARENT OR GUARDIAN

DATE: ______________