GENETICS REVISION
Answer all the questions
Name……………………………………… Class………………
1 In table 1, match the terms given below with the statements. Use each term once only.
Chromosomes dominant genotype meiosis heterozygous homozygous phenotype
mitosis recessive
Table 1
Statement Term
Allele which expresses itself when
partnered by another like itself
A condition where both the alleles
for a particular gene are the same
Inherited observable
characteristics of an organism
An allele which always expresses
itself in a contrasting gene pair
Structures that carry genetic
information in the nucleus
Process of cell division that results
in formation of haploid cells
[Total 6 marks]
2 (a) Complete the following passage using only words from the list below.
Diploid gametes haploid meiosis mitosis red blood cells
The transfer of inherited characteristics to new cells and new individuals depends on two types
of cell division. During ..............................................., the chromosomes are duplicated exactly
and............................................cells are produced. However, during............................................,
the chromosome sets are first duplicated and then halved producing ...........................................
cells. These cells will become ................................................ [5]
1
(b) Using a labeled, genetic diagram, explain the inheritance of the sex of an individual. (5)
3 People with sickle anaemia have red blood cells with an abnormal form of haemoglobin. The
gene for hemoglobin exists in two forms;
HN - allele for normal haemoglobin
HS – allele for abnormal haemoglobin
(a) Define the term gene (1)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
..……………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Complete the genetic diagram below to show how two people who are heterozygous for
this gene may have a child who has sickle cell anaemia (2)
Using symbols HN and HS in your answer.
Parental phenotypes normal x normal
Parental genotypes ……… x ……....
Gametes H S + HS
Child’s genotype ………………..
Child’s phenotype sickle cell anaemia
2
(c) Describe the effects of sickle cell anaemia in the body (2)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Fig 3 is a map that shows distribution of the allele for the abnormal form (HS) of
haemoglobin and malaria in Africa.
Fig 3
Explain how natural selection is responsible for the distribution of the allele for the
abnormal form of haemoglobin (HS) (3)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3
4 Fig 4 shows, in outline the stages of mitosis during division of a cell.
Fig 4
a) (i) Name the structures A and B. [2]
A………………………………………………………………………………………….
B…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Identify, from the diagram, evidence which confirms that mitosis is occurring. [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) (i) State two ways in which mitosis is different from meiosis.[2]
1…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
2……………………………………………………………………………………….….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Name an organ in which meiosis occurs
……………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
5 (a) Distinguish between genotype and phenotype
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………..…….(2)
4
(b) Fig 5 shows a maize cob with black and white seeds.
Fig 5
(i) The maize cob has 25 black seeds shown.
Count the number of white seeds shown.
White seeds…………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(ii) What is the genetic ratio shown by these seeds
……………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(iii) Suggest which of the two colours, black or white, is controlled by a dorminant allele.
…………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
6 Brown eye colour is due to the presence of dorminant allele, B; blue eye colour is due to a
recessive allele, b. Fig 6 below shows the inheritance of eye colour in two families linked by
marriage.
Fig 6
5
a) Using the letters B and b, state the genotypes of individuals P and V.
P ………………………………………………………………………………………….
V …………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
b) State, with a reason, which individual in fig 6 could be homozygous dorminant.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..… [2]
7 Fig 7 shows the results of some breeding experiments on mice.
Fig 7
a) (i) Complete the below to show the sex chromosomes present in the gametes of parent
mice 2 and 3.[2]
Mouse 2 Mouse 3
6
(ii) If mouse 3 and 4 had a second family, what is the percentage chance that the first
mouse born would be female?
……………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
Coat colour in these mice is controlled by a single pair of alleles showing complete dominance
b) Which of the parent mice 1 to mice 4 is likely to be
(i) Homozygous dorminant for coat colour …………………………………………
(ii) Heterozygous for coat colour …………………………………………………[2]
c) Mouse 5 later bred with mouse of similar genotype to it mother ( mouse 3). In the space
below, draw a genetic diagram to show how coat colour would be inherited in this new
family. [5]
d) The mice show some examples of pairs of inherited characters, in addition to coat
colour, identify one of these pairs of inherited characters.
……………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
7
8 The inheritance of blood groups is an example of co dominance. The gene that controls ABO
blood group system has three alleles, IA, IB and IO.
(a) Copy and complete table 8, each genotype stated must be different from the others stated.
(5)
Table 8
Blood group Blood group
genotype phenotype
I AI A
AB
IA IO A
I B IO
(b) Draw a genetic diagram to show how parents with blood group A and blood group B can
have four children, each with a different blood group phenotype. (5)
8
(c) State four ways in which artificial selection in crop production benefits humans. (4)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9 One variety of the moth, Biston betularia, has pale, speckled wings. A second variety of the
same species has black wings. There are no intermediate forms. Equal numbers of both
varieties were released into a wood where the trees were blackened with carbon dust from air
pollution.
Examples of these are shown in Fig. 9
Fig 9
After two weeks as many of the moths were caught as possible
The results are shown in Table 9.1
Table 9.1
wing colour of number released number caught
moth
pale, speckled 100 36
black 100 82
(a) (i) Suggest and explain one reason, related to the colour of the bark, for the difference in
numbers of the varieties of moth caught.
……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
9
(ii) Suggest and explain how the results may have been different if the moths had been released
in a wood made up of trees with pale unpolluted bark.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
Table 9.2 shows the appearance and genetic make-up of the different varieties of this species.
Table 9.2
wing colour genetic make-up
Black GG; Gg
Pale, speckled gg
(b) (i) State the appropriate genetic terms for the table headings.
wing colour…………………………………………………………………………………….
genetic make-up …………………………………………………………………………….[2]
(ii) State and explain which wing colour is dominant.
dominant wing colour……………………………………………………………………………
explanation……………………………………………………………………………………[2]
(c) State the type of genetic variation shown by these moths. Explain how this variation is
inherited.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………… [3]
10
(d) Heterozygous moths were interbred. Use a genetic diagram to predict the proportion of
black winged moths present in the next generation proportion of black winged moths [5]
(e) (i) Name the process that can give rise to different alleles for wing colour in a population of
moths.[1]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Suggest one factor which might increase the rate of this process. [1]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10 (a) In Drosophila, the fruit fly, wing length is controlled by a single gene. Wing length can
be long or short. A long winged male fruit fly was crossed with a short winged female. All of
their offspring, the second generation, had long wings. When the second generation flies were
interbred, to produce a third generation, some of the offspring had long wings and some had
short wings.
(i) Which wing length is controlled by the recessive allele?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
(ii) Complete the genetic diagram, using the symbols R and r to represent the alleles.
Parents (F1) male X female
Phenotypes ……… wings ………. wings
Genotypes ……..…......... ……....…..
Gametes ……….. ……… …….. ……...
Offspring (F2)
genotypes …………… …………. ………………. ………………
phenotypes …………… …………. ………………. ……………… [5]
11
(iii)If the third generation consisted of 464 offspring how many would be expected to have
short wings? Show your working.
………………………………………………………………………………………….[2]
10 Fig 10.1 below shows the section through the female reproductive system as seen from the
side
Fig 10.1
(a) (i) Use label lines and letters to identify the cervix and ovary on the diagram [2]
P cervix
Q ovary
(ii) In the nucleus of human cells in the kidney there are 46 chromosomes
Complete Fig 10 by writing the numbers for chromosomes in each cell in the boxes
provided. [3]
(iii) Name the type nuclear division that occur as the zygote develops into the fetus
………………..…………………………………………………………………… [1]
12
(b) Polydactyl is an inherited condition where there are more than five digits on the hands
or feet. Fig 10.2 shows the pattern of this condition on a certain family.
(i) Using fig 10.2, deduce whether the allele for polydactyl is dominant or recessive. [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Explain your answer with reference to some numbered individuals on the diagram fig
10.2.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………...…………………………………… [3]
13
11 Fig 11.1 shows different stages of meiosis in an animal cell.
Fig 11.1
14
(a) State the diploid number of chromosome of the animal cell in stage A.
……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) Name the stage of cell division shown at B and give one reason for your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………[2]
(c) Suggest a name of an organ in a mammal, where the different stages of meiosis shown in
……………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]
On Fig 11.1, draw the chromosome that could be found in all cells at stage C and D. the
drawing should distinguish the different chromosomes clearly by size and shading as shown in
stages A and B. [4]
15
