Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 VOICE OF DESIGNER.......................................................................................................................................1
1.2 CERTIFICATIONS..............................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 ABOUT THIS REPORT......................................................................................................................................3
2.2 ABOUT THIS STRUCTURE...............................................................................................................................3
2.3 ANALYSIS PROCEDURE.......................................................................................................................................5
MATERIAL 6
3.1 CONCRETE........................................................................................................................................................6
3.2 REINFORCEMENT............................................................................................................................................6
LOADS ……………………………………………………………………………………………..7
4.1 DEAD LOADS.....................................................................................................................................................8
4.1.1 SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOADS............................................................................................................................8
4.2 LIVE LOADS.......................................................................................................................................................8
4.3 SEISMIC LOADS................................................................................................................................................9
LOAD COMBINATIONS.......................................................................................................................................12
5.1 SEISMIC LOAD COMBINATION......................................................................................................................12
STRUCTURAL MODELLING..............................................................................................................................14
6.1 MODELLING APPROACH.....................................................................................................................................14
6.2 3D VIEWS..............................................................................................................................................................15
6.3 MODELING OF BEAMS, COLUMNS...............................................................................................................16
ANALYSIS OF BUILDING................................................................................................................................... 16
7.1 DRIFT IN THE BUILDING................................................................................................................................17
7.2 MODAL LOAD MASS PARTICIPATION.................................................................................................................23
STRUCTURAL DESIGN..................................................................................................................................... 24
8.1 AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM......................................................................................................................................24
8.3 MOMENT DIAGRAM..............................................................................................................................................27
8.4 BEAM DIAGRAM.....................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.4 SUMMARY OF DESIGN.........................................................................................................................................28
STRUCTURAL DESIGN SAMPLES.................................................................................................................... 31
9.1 DESIGN SAMPLE FROM ETABS..........................................................................................................................31
DESIGN EXCEL SHEETS....................................................................................................................................35
10.1 FOUNDATION DESIGN SHEET..............................................................................................................................35
10.2 SLAB DESIGN SHEET.............................................................................................................................................38
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Section
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY

1.1 VOICE OF DESIGNER

This document is intended primarily to record all relevant design criteria, project data and other
relevant references pertaining to the structural engineering of the project. The contents will be added to
or revised as new information becomes available.

Buildings are exposed to both static and dynamic loads, a state of art design were performed in this building based
on IS 456: 2000 and other Indian Standards as mention in Section 2, design criteria, were strictly applied accordingly
as guided by it.
The purpose of this structural design report is to summarize the data, assumptions, principles and methods used in
the structural engineering analysis and design of Residential [Link] the design, it is assumed that the
construction will be supervised by a professional engineer who shall have design and built experienced in similar
project.
The designer will not be responsible if any alteration or changes to the structural system is made by the client or
contractor without the prior written permission from the designer. The design calculations and derivations are limited
to only a minimum to let the concerned people know the methodology adopted. However, the calculations may be
provided to the client or concerned authorities when needed, upon request.

1.2 CERTIFICATIONS

This Certificate is submitted with reference to the detail structural design of multi storied building of
the following detail:

Project Name : DETAILED PROJECT REPORT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Address: Ghorahi Dang, Province-05, Nepal

Structure : Moment Resisting Concrete Frame

are attached in the design documents.

All the designs are done as per the design criteria specified in IS 456:2000, IS: 875 NBC105:2020 and
relevant other design codes.

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 The referenced calculations were prepared by us / under our supervision and comply with all applicable structural
provisions of the Construction Codes.

We hereby certify that the design is structurally adequate and economic. However, during construction
the use of construction materials and workmanship is to be carried out under the supervision of qualified
and certified technical person.

The designer is not responsible for the violence of the specifications provided.

This document is intended primarily to summarize the design. All details are to provided on drawings
(vol- 2).

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 Section

INTRODUCTION
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2.1 ABOUT THIS REPORT
This report comprises of the structural analysis and design of different buildings. This report is divided into eleven sections
and volume two of drawing. Section one begins with introductions and general description, section two covers materials
used, section three covers design criteria, section four covers load, section five load combinations, section six modelling
approach, section seven engineering structural analysis, section, eight engineering structural design, and finally section nine
covers summary. It has other sections showing, annex: comprises typical calculations, software out puts, design.

2.2 ABOUT THIS STRUCTURE

The building is an Building made up of moment resisting concrete framed structure. The structural analysis in this building
considers ground floor plus two story. The aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures
being designed will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree of safety, they should sustain
all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and have adequate durability and adequate resistance to the
effects of misuse and fire. Structural analysis of the concerned building has been done in details.

Following are the brief architectural descriptions of the building based on architectural drawing study.

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES:

Type of Building: - Residential Building

Height of Storey:- 3m

Total Height of the Building: - View Architectural Drawing

Wall and Partition: - 230mm and 115mm Thick Brick Wall

STRUCTURAL FEATURES:

Structural System: - Moment Resisting Concrete Frame Structure

Foundation Type: - Isolated Footing and Strap Beam Footing

Columns: - 300X300mm

Beams: - 230mm X355mm

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Slab: - 127mm Slab

GEOTECHNICAL FEATURES:

Soil Type: - Soft Soil (Soil type – II)

Allowable bearing capacity: - 150 KN/m2 at depth 1.5m from ground level

Footing Thickness: - Refer. Structure Dwg.

Materials

Grade of concrete: - Concrete grade M20

Grade of steel: - Fe-500

Unit weight of concrete: - 25 kN/m3

Young’s Modulus of Elasticity, Ec :- 5000 √fck

Modulus of elasticity for Steel, Es :- 200 KN/mm2

Poisson’s Ratio: - 0.20 for concrete and 0.3 for rebar

Cover to Reinforcement

Footings (Bottom, and Top) 50mm

Footing (Sides) 75mm

Column 40mm

Beam 25mm

Stairs (Waist Slab/Folded) 15mm

Slab 15mm

*refer drawings for more details.

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2.3 ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
ETABS Software, produced by CSI, has been used for the analysis of this building. 3-Dimensional models have been prepared for each
part with the dimension shown in the drawings. Concrete grade M20 has been used in the structural members Centre-line dimensions
are followed for analysis and design. Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience. Seismic loads will be
considered acting in the horizontal direction as well as in vertical direction based upon NBC 105:2020. The design seismic force has
been applied and automatically distributed by the software at various floor level Analysis of the structure. Specifically, Static analysis
method was performed to understand the lateral load response of the building with use of ETABS 201 8. The design loads considered as
per the relevant codes of practice comprise dead load due to permanent structures, live load due to occupancy of the structure and
seismic load due to anticipated earthquake possible at the proposed location. A number of load combinations are considered to obtain
the maximum values of design stresses.

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 Section
3
These values represent readily available materials. There is certainly scope to test the economy of using higher strength materials
during later design phases. The following structural materials are used in the works unless noted otherwise on the drawings. Typical
values for the properties of these materials are listed.

3.1 CONCRETE
Concrete material properties are assumed to be:

Concrete Material Properties

Grade fck, [MPa] 20
Youngs Modulus E, [Mpa] 25000
Co-efficient of thermal expansion 0.0000055per 0C
Basic shrinkage strain Refer IS 456:200
Basic Creep Factor Refer IS 456:200
Poisson’s Ratio 0.2
Density 24.9926kN/m3

3.2 REINFORCEMENT
Reinforcing steel properties are assumed to be:

Bar Elastic Modulus [MPa] Yield Strength, fy [MPa]

Stirrups and Ties 200,000 500

Longitudinal Bars 200,000 500

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 4
Section
DESIGN
CRITERIA
LOADS
The structural calculation of this building shall be in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations of the Government
of Nepal, and its referral to any other standards. A summary of the codes and standards in used in structural analysis and
design have been listed below;

 IS 875 (part I):1987, Code of practice for design loads in Building and structure – Dead loads, Bureau of Indian
standards, New delhi,1989

• IS 875 (part II):1987, Code of practice for design loads in building and structure – Imposed loads, Bureau of Indian
standards, New delhi,1989

• NBC 105:2020, Seismic Design of Building in Nepal, 2020.

• IS 456:2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete – Code of Practice

• SP 22 (S&T) 1982 Explanatory Handbook on codes for earthquake

• SP 24 Explanatory Handbook on IS-456

• SP 34 (S&T) Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing

• SP 16 Handbook on Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456:1978

Assessment of loads on the structural system has been based on IS 875 (part I and II):1987 and NBC 105:2020. The former
code of practice is for design loads (dead and imposed loads) on building and structures other than earthquake loads, while
the latter explicitly describes design earthquake load on the building structure.

4.1 DEAD LOADS

A constant load in a building structure that is due to the weight of the members, the supported structure, and permanent
attachments or accessories. This analysis deals with dead loads to be assumed in the design of buildings and same is given
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 in the-form of unit weight of materials. The unit weight of other materials that are likely to be stored in a building should be
also included for the purpose of load calculations due to stored materials. These loads are calculated as specified in IS875-
1987(part I)

The assumed dead loading of this project is listed below:

Description Assumed loading comments

Concrete 24kN/m3 (25 kN/m3 for heavily reinforced sections)

Steel
78.50kN/m3

4.1.1 SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOADS

Material
Cemen Load/ m Load/ m
Brick Unit t Unit Marble Unit w/o with
wt. mortar wt. Skirting wt. ht. opening opening
kN/ mm(h=150 kN/
m3 mm kN/m3 mm) m3 m
9"
Wall(9'4") 230 19 40 20.4 30 26 2.54 13.29 9.30
4"
Partition 115 19 40 20.4 30 26 2.54 7.74 5.42
Parapet
Wall 115 19 40 20.4 30 26 1.00 3.12 2.18

4.2 LIVE LOADS

The load assumed to be produced by the intended use or occupancy of a building, including the weight of movable
partitions, distributed, concentrated loads, load due to impact and vibration, and dust load but excluding wind, seismic, snow
and other loads due to temperature changes, creep, shrinkage, differential settlement, etc. This analysis covers imposed
loads*(live loads) to be assumed in the design of buildings. The imposed loads, used in this building analysis, are minimum
loads which should be taken into consideration for the purpose of structural safety of buildings. These loads are calculated
as specified in IS875-1987 (part II)

The live loads are based upon IS 875 (Part 2) -1987

Rooms and office 2 kN/m2

Corridors and Passage 3 kN/m2
Staircase 3 kN/m2
Balcony 3 kN/m2
Accessible Roof 1.5 kN/m2
Inaccessible Roof 0.75 kN/m2
Toilet 2 kN/m2
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4.3 SEISMIC LOADS
The force on a structure caused by acceleration induced on its mass by an earthquake. This load is included in design to
determine the extent of seismic reinforcing. The seismic loads on the structure during an earthquake result from inertia
forces which were created by ground accelerations. The magnitude of these loads is a function of the following factors: mass
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of the building, the dynamic properties of the building, the intensity, duration, and frequency content of the ground motion,
and soil-structure interaction. The analysis method and earthquake loads are calculated as specified in NBC 105:2020

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 The approximate fundamental translational natural period Ta of oscillation, in seconds, were calculated as shown below:

WIND LOAD: Wind is air in motion relative to the surface of the earth. The primary cause of wind is traced to earth’s rotation and differences in
terrestrial radiation. The radiation effects are primarily responsible for convection either upwards or downwards. The wind generally blows horizontal
to the ground at high wind speeds. Since vertical components of atmospheric motion are relatively small, the term „wind‟ denotes almost exclusively
the horizontal wind, vertical winds are always identified. Wind load on the building would be usually uplift force perpendicular to the roof due to
suction effect of the wind blowing over the roof. The positive or negative force of the wind acting on the structure; wind applies a positive pressure
on the windward side of the building and a negative suction to the leeward side. This analysis ignored the wind loads as the building is located in
seismic zone V and hence the earthquake loads predominant it and the height of the building is less.

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 Section
LOAD COMBINATIONS 5
The load combinations considered herein according to cl. 6.3.3 for design vertical earthquake effects and cl 6.3.4, combinations to
account for three directional earthquake ground shaking along with gravity load combination.

5.1 SEISMIC LOAD COMBINATION

ASSIGNED LOAD COMBINATION IN ETABS

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The number of modes to be used in the analysis should be such that the sum total of modal masses of all modes considered is at least 90 Percent
of the total seismic mass and missing mass correction beyond 33 Percent
Percentage of live load to be taken for calculating seismic weight =30% for live load intensity as per table 5-1 NBC 105:2020

For the purpose of analysis, seismic forces are applied in the model of the building in ETABS. Hence, the manual calculations of
seismic weight, base shear and the seismic forces have not been shown. However, the ETABS output for the Seismic Weight and
Base Shear

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 6
Section
STRUCTURAL MODELLING

6.1 MODELLING APPROACH

6.1.1 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL

Three-dimensional finite element model is created for analysis and design shown in Figure below: 3D – Model of Building.
ETABS 2018 is used as analysis tool. The vertical members are assumed to be firmly fixed at the bottom and the soil-
structure interaction is neglected.

Structure SMRF

Type of building use Residential

Seismic gap NA

Foundation type Isolated Footing and Strap

Beam Footing
Seismic zoning factor 0.4

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6.2 3D VIEWS

Fig: 3-D view

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6.3 MODELING OF BEAMS, COLUMNS
The beams and columns are modelled using frame element. The effective stiffness values are used as shown in Preliminary
size of members.
The preliminary sizes of beam, column, shear wall and slab were chosen based on expertise basis judgement for these
members.

Member Properties

Thickness of floor slab 127mm

Beam size/s 230mm X 355mm

Column size 300mm X300mm

Section
ANALYSIS OF 7
The analysis results are discussed in this chapter. Linear equivalent static Method was applied for design acceleration
spectrum developed specific to a project site (site specific spectra). The major discussions are focused on the eccentricity,
story shear, inter story drift, maximum displacement and base shear along two orthogonal directions. The columns and
beams (size and capacity) are then designed for maximum forces.

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7.1 DRIFT IN THE BUILDING

The ratio of the inter-story deflection to the corresponding story height shall not exceed: 0.025 at ultimate
limit state and 0.006 at serviceability limit state the deflections shall be obtained by using the effective
stiffness properties of the components as given in [Link] drift of the structure has been checked taking the
consideration of change in property modifiers as per NBC 105:2020 Cl 3.4. For structural analysis, the
moment of inertia shall be taken as 70 percent of I gross of columns and 35 percent of I gross of beams in RC
structures. From the analysis the displacements of the mass center of various floors are obtained and are
shown in below along with Storey drift.

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It is seen that drift does not exceed the code prescribed value, the drift check seems to comply with the safety value mentioned in the code

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7.3 MODAL MASS PARTICIPATION Ratio

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 Section
STRUCTURAL DESIGN 8
8.1 AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM

Fig: Axial Force Diagram

for Load Combination 1.2DL+1.5LL

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8.2 SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

Fig: Shear Force Diagram

for Load Combination 1.2DL+1.5LL

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8.3 MOMENT DIAGRAM

Fig: Bending Moment Diagram Diagram

for Load Combination 1.2DL+1.5LL)

8.4 SUMMARY OF DESIGN

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Slab design has been carried out manually which has been provided in Annex. A

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8.4.2 COLUMN DESIGN SUMMARY

Section of columns

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 8.4.3 FLOOR BEAM DESIGN SUMMARY

Summary and details of floor beams and Columns: refer submitted structural drawing

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 9
Section
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
SAMPLES

9.1 DESIGN SAMPLE FROM ETABS

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44
 Section
DESIGN EXCEL SHEETS 10
11.1 FOUNDATION DESIGN SHEET

45
Strap Beam
Beam Size =350mm X 600mm
Top Bars= 4-20mm dia Bars
Bottom Bars=3-16mm dai bars

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11.2 SLAB DESIGN SHEET

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11.3 Staircase DESIGN SHEET

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