CBSE X MATHS

Time: 1 Hour Marks : 30

TRIANGLES
SECTION : A [5 x 1 Mark = 5]
1. In ∆s ABC and PQR,  B=  Q,  C=  R and AB = 5 PQ, then the two ∆s are
(a) congruent but not similar (b) similar but not congruent
(c) similar as well as congruent (d) neither similar nor congruent [Ans: (b)

AB BC CA
2. If in two ∆s ABC and DEF,   , then
DF FE ED
(a) ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF (b) ∆ABC ~ ∆EDF (c) ∆ABC ~ ∆EFD (d) ∆ABC ~ ∆DFE [d)

AD 3
3. In ABC , DE || BC such that  . If AC = 5.6 cm then AE =?
DB 5
(A) 4.2 cm (B) 3.1 cm (C) 2.8 cm (D) 2.1 cm [D

4. In the given figure, two line segments AC and BD intersect each other at the point P such that PA = 6
cm, PB = 3 cm, PC = 2.5 cm, PD = 5 cm, APB = 500 and CDP = 300 then PBA =?

(A) 500 (B) 300 (C) 600 (D) 1000 [D

5. ABC ~ DEF and the perimeters of ABC and DEF are 30 cm and 18 cm respectively. If BC = 9
cm then EF =?
(A) 6.3 cm (B) 5.4 cm (C) 7.2 cm (D) 4.5 cm [B)

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SECTION : B [4 x 2 Marks = 8]

6. In fig., DE||BC. If AD = 2.4 cm, DB = 3.6 cm and AC = 5 cm, find AE.

Solution:
Given: In  ABC, DE || BC
AE AD
Proof: = … [Thales’ theorem]
EC DB
AE 2.4
 = … [EC = AC- AE]
AC  AE 3.6
AE 2
 =  3AE = 2 (AC- AE)
AC  AE 3
 3AE = 2AC- 2AE
 5AE = 2AC = 2 x 5 = 10cm
10
 AE = = 2cm
5
7 The perimeters of two similar triangles ABC and PQR are respectively 32 cm and 24 cm. if
PQ = 12cm, Find AB.
Solution:  ABC~  PQR … (given)
peri of ABC AB

peri of PQR PQ

[Ratio of the perimeters of two similar  s is equal to the ratio of their corresponding sides]
32 AB 4 AB
     3AB = 48
24 12 3 12
AB = 16cm

8. In fig. P and Q are points on the sides AB and AC respectively of ∆ABC such that
AP = 3.5, PB = 7cm, AQ = 3cm and QC = 6cm. if PQ = 4.5 cm, find BC.
AQ 3 3 1
Solution: =  
AC 3  6 9 3
AP 3.5 3.5 1
  
AB 3.5  7 10.5 3
In  AQP and  ACB
AQ AP
= … [Each = 1/3]
AC AB
 A=  A … (common)
  AQP~  ACB … (SAS rule)

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AQ PQ
  … (In ~  s, corresponding sides are equal)
AC BC
1 4.5
   BC = 13.5cm
3 BC

9. E is a point on the side AD produced of a ||gm ABCD and BE intersects CD at F. show that
∆ABE ∆CFB.

Solution:

In  ABE &  CFB

1 = 3 … (opposite angles of a ||gm)
2 = 4 … (alternate interior angles)
 ABE~  CFB … (AA similarity)

SECTION : C [4 x 3 Marks = 12]

10. In fig., DE||AB and FE||DB. Prove that DC2 = CF. AC.
Solution: Given: In  ABC, DE || AB and FE || DB
To prove: DC2= CF. AC
Proof: In  ABC,
DE || AB … (Given)
CD CE
 … (i) (Thales’ theorem)
DA EB
In  CDB, FE || FE || DB
CF CE
  … (ii) [Thales’ theorem]
FD EB
CD CF
From (i) and (ii), 
DA FD
Taking (1) and (22) reciprocal
Adding ‘1’ to both sides, we get
AD FD
1  1
DC CF
AD  DC FD  CF

DC CF
AC DC
 
DC CF
 DC2 = CF. AC

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11. State and Prove Basic Proportionality Theorem

Solution:
If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points,
the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

Given: In ΔABC, DE || BC
AD AE
To prove: 
DB EC
Const.: Join BE and CD
Draw DM  AC and EN  AB
Proof:
1 1
ar (ΔADE) = base x height = AD x EN
2 2
1
ar (ΔBDE) = DB x EN
2
1
ar (ΔDEC) = EC x DM
2
1
 AD  EN
ar (ADE ) 2 AD 1
= = --- (1) [Area of Δ = x base x corresponding altitude]
ar (BDE ) 1
 DB  EN DB 2
2
1
 AE  DM
ar ( ADE ) 2 AE
= = --- (2)
ar ( CDE ) 1  EC  DM EC
2
ΔBDE and ΔCDE are on the same base DE and between the same parallel BC and DE
so ar (ΔBDE) = ar (ΔCDE) --- (3)
 from (i), (ii) and (ii)
AD AE

DB EC

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12. In fig.,  ABD =  CDB =  PQB = 900. If AB = x units, CD = y units, PQ = z units,

1 1 1
prove that   .
x y z

Solution:

Let BQ = a units, QD = b units

Let  BQP and  BDC
 1=  1 …. (common)
 2 =  BDC … (each 900)
  BQP~  BDC … (AA corollary)
PQ BQ
  [In ~  s corresponding sides are proportional]
CD BD
z a
  …. (i)
y ab

In  DQP and  DBA

 4=  4 … (common)
 3=  ABD … (each 900)
  DQP~  DBA … (AA corollary)
z b
  … (ii) [In ~  s corresponding sides are proportional]
x ab
Adding (i) and (ii),

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z z a b
  
x y ab ab

1 1 ab
z   
 x y ab
1 1 1
 
x y z

13. Sides AB and BC and median AD of a triangle ABC are respectively proportional to sides PQ and
QR and median PM of ΔPQR (see Fig). Show that ΔABC ~ ΔPQR.
Solution:
AB BC AD
Given:  
PQ QR PM
To prove: ΔABC ~ ΔPQR
Proof: In ΔABD and ΔPQM
AB BC AD
  --- (Given)
PQ QR PM
AB 2 BD AD
 
PQ 2QM PM
AB BD AD
   [BC = 2BD (AD is the median), QR = 2QM (PM is the
PQ QM PM
median)]
ΔABD ~ ΔPQM --- (SSS)
 1=  2 --- (i) --- [In similar Δs corresponding angles are equal]
In ΔABC and ΔPQR
AB BC
 --- (given)
PQ QR
 1=  2 --- [from (i)]
ΔABC ~ ΔPQR --- (SAS similarity)

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SECTION : D [1 x 5 Marks = 5]
14. In Fig. altitudes AD and CE of ΔABC intersect each other at the point P. Show that:
(i) ΔAEP ~ ΔCDP (ii) ΔABD ~ ΔCBE (iii) ΔAEP ~ ΔADB (iv) ΔPDC ~ΔBEC
Solution:
(i) In ΔAEP and ΔCDP
 1=  4 --- (each 90o)
 2=  3 --- (vert. opp. angles)
ΔAEP ~ ΔCDP --- (AA similarity)
(Diagram)
(ii) In ΔABD and ΔCBE
 6=  6 --- (common)
 5=  7 --- (each = 90o)
ΔABD ~ ΔCBE --- (AA similarity)
(iii) In ΔAEP and ΔADB
 1=  5 --- (each 90o)
 8=  8 --- (common)
ΔAEP ~ ΔADB --- (AA similarity)
(iv) In ΔPDC and ΔBEC
 9=  9 --- (common)
 4=  7 --- (each 90o)
ΔPDC ~ ΔBEC --- (AA similarity)

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