#1 COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
FLEX Course Material
Identify and categorize
historical structures and
its parts according to the
different styles of
architecture.
Cultural
Classify the different
cultures, behaviors and
traditions of different
Heritage
countries and their effects
on architectural space and
design
Conservation
Discover the significant
architectural masters
around the world and
their architectural
masterpieces and
contributions to
architecture
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Cluster Chair
Ar. Annie C. Pugeda
Cluster Heads
AR. Aurora B. Panopio & Ar. Gracie C. Salaya
Cluster Members
Ar. Kaolyne Grace C. Hilario
What is
Heritage?
INTRODUCTION
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What is Heritage?
It is the manifestation of our nation’s development through history and it embodies our unique cultural
identity
Legacies from the past, what we live with today, and what we individually or collectively pass on to the
future generations.
It is the “cultivation of cultural patrimony” according to Christopher Tunnard
“heritage can also state the property, which parents handed down to their progeny and can also refer to an
intellectual or spiritual legacy” according to Greame Davidson
Heritage is our Legacy from the Past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations.
– World Heritage Commission UNESCO
Heritage or “Pamana” is Anything that one values
It is the Manifestation of our nation’s development through history and it bodies our unique cultural identity.
What is Culture?
Ways of living that include behavior patters, arts, beliefs, institutions and all other products of human work
thought shared that reflect the identity of a group
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What is Cultural Heritage?
All beliefs, values, practices and objects that give a place its own specific character. Practices can refer to
customary rituals and ceremonies. Objects can be either be intangible such as buildings, or natural landscapes
Dimension of Heritage
The CULTURAL HERITAGE may be defined as the entire
corpus of material signs either artistic or symbolic handed
on by the past to each culture and, therefore, to the whole
of humankind.
As a constituent part of the affirmation and
enrichment of cultural identities, as a legacy belonging
to all humankind.
As a constituent part of the affirmation and
enrichment of cultural identities,
As a legacy belonging to all humankind,
The cultural heritage gives each particular place its
recognizable features and is the storehouse of human
experience. The preservation and the presentation of
the cultural heritage are therefore a corner-stone of
any cultural policy.
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Natural Heritage
Natural heritage refers to natural features, geological and
physiographical formations and delineated areas that
constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and
plants and natural sites of value from the point of view of
science, conservation or natural beauty. It includes private
and publically protected natural areas, zoos, aquaria and
botanical gardens, natural habitat, marine ecosystems,
sanctuaries, reservoirs etc.
Natural sites with cultural aspects such as cultural
landscapes, physical, biological or geological formations
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Tangible Heritage
immovable cultural heritage (monuments, archaeological
sites, and so on)
underwater cultural heritage (shipwrecks, underwater ruins
and cities)
These are inherited from past generations, maintained in
the present and bestowed for the benefit of future
generations.
Aboriginal peoples’ cultural practices and works including
art, designs and objects are often deeply linked to Country,
steeped in familial, historical and spiritual stories, and may
contain knowledges pertinent only to the creator and their
community. Indigenous designs and other cultural works
should always be viewed in the context of the Country
where they were created and the stories relating to them.
Objects, Artefacts, Buildings, Places and Monuments are
known as TANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE.
TANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE has a physical
presence.
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Intangible Heritage
Pamanang Masalang(Fil)
A category of Heritage that encompasses practices, representation,
expressions, knowledge and skills of communities, groups or in
some cases individuals.
It also includes traditions or living expressions inherited from our
ancestors and passed on to our descendants, such as oral
traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, festive
events, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the
universe or the knowledge and skills to produce traditional
crafts.
While fragile, intangible cultural heritage is an important factor in
maintaining cultural diversity in the face of growing globalization. An
understanding of the intangible cultural heritage of different
communities helps with intercultural dialogue, and encourages
mutual respect for other ways of life.
The importance of intangible cultural heritage is not the cultural
manifestation itself but rather the wealth of knowledge and skills that
is transmitted through it from one generation to the next. The social
and economic value of this transmission of knowledge is relevant for
minority groups and for mainstream social groups within a State,
and is as important for developing States as for developed ones.
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What is Conservation?
All processes of looking after a heritage resource so as to sustain its values and its cultural significance.
Multi-disciplinary process involving a team of many professionals, specialists in different fields, and
crafts workers.
Preservation from loss, depletion, waste and harm.
Planned management of an object, structure, site to prevent its neglect and to prolong its life
The CULTURAL HERITAGE may be defined as the entire corpus of material signs either artistic or
symbolic handed on by the past to each culture and, therefore, to the whole of humankind.
THE BURRA CHARTER (1999) DEFINES CONSERVATION AS “all the processes of looking after a
place so as to retain its cultural significance. It includes maintenance and many according to
circumstances include PRESERVATION, RESTORATION, RECONSTRUCTION AND ADAPTATION
and will commonly be a combination of more than one of these. Conservation also includes cultural
resource management and management of change.
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Restoration
Returning a building or parts of it to a form in which it appeared at
some point in the past. In the English language, restoration is often
used synonymously with reconstruction. Although the word has
become associated with the major interventions of rebuilding to
unify a building, small interventions such as replacing a missing
detail is also restoration. The process where the objective of
cleaning is to return a building back to its near original appearance
is a form of restoration. Where restoration is necessary, it is
paramount that all interventions are based on verified evidence. It
is also important to provide sufficient differentiation between the
old and the new to avoid any misinterpretation in the future.
Refers to the process of returning a building to its condition at a
specific time period, often to its original condition.
Reconstruction
Re-creation by building a replica of a building on its original site.
Reconstruction is often undertaken to replace buildings or parts of
buildings following fire, war damage, earthquake or other disasters.
Although reconstruction must be based on sound evidence, it
remains a re-creation and inevitably a reinterpretation of the past.
Both authenticity and the patina (the impression or appearance of
something) and evidence of age are lost. Reconstruction may be
justifiable if a building is an integral part of a streetscape, square or
complex and where its absence would detract from integrity of
whole
Indicates the rebuilding of a structure. This approach is taken when
a historic structure needs to be physically in place for contextual
reasons, even though it no longer exists.
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Adaptive Reuse/Adaptation
Most buildings will change their use through their lifetime and this
will invariably necessitate changes to the internal layout and fabric
of the building. Making changes to a building to accommodate a
new use is often a means of enabling the continued usefulness of
a historic building. However, the appropriateness of the new use to
the building fabric and its integrity does not need to be considered.
Preservation
To maintain a building in its existing form and condition and
undertaking maintenance work as necessary. Preservation is often
used in American English in a similar way that the word
conservation is used in British and Australian language.
Refers to the maintenance of a property without significant
alteration to its current condition. This approach should be taken
when it is appropriate to maintain a building or structure as is.
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REFERENCES
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/illicit-trafficking-
of-cultural-property/unesco-database-of-national-cultural-
heritage-laws/for-reference/#c1422636
Orbasli, Aylin. Architectural Conservation. Blackwell Science Ltd.
2008
Tyler, Norman, Historic Preservation. 2009
Jokilehto, Jukka. ICOMOS Working Group Heritage and Society.
Revised for CIF: 2005
http://designonline.org.au/tangible-and-intangible-cultural-
heritage/
http://uis.unesco.org/en/glossary-term/natural-heritage
https://ich.unesco.org/en/what-is-intangible-heritage-00003
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