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1) Plateaus, valleys, canyons, and mountains are all examples of ______.
highlands
mantle areas
landforms
hydrosphere
2) Which shows the elevation of an area using contour lines?
mountains
faults
topographical map
cartographer
3) Which feature of the ocean floor is the continental shelf?
A
B
C
D
4) For which landform would contour lines be closest together on a topographical map?
a sand dune
a plateau
a hill
plains
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5) Bethany saw an exhibit at the science center on Earth's surface. She learned that Earth's surface has
changed over time. What evidence has been collected by scientists to support this theory?
Ancient people left photographs of Earth's surface behind for scientists.
Fossils have been found that give clues to what Earth's surface looked like many years
ago.
Paleontologists have studied Earth's surface in the past and present and see no
changes.
We do not know what Earth's surface looked like long ago.
6) A paleontologist found a crocodile fossil in the desert. Based on this discovery, what conclusions can
you draw about what this landscape was like in the past?
The climate was very cold and dry.
The climate was very warm and had periods of rain.
The climate had periods of cold winters and warm summers.
The climate was very warm and dry.
7) Fossil evidence provides scientists with information about ______.
how an environment has changed over time.
rocks and minerals.
where earthquakes occur.
how mountains form.
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8) Scientists are able to tell which fossils are the oldest by looking at the bedrock. Which layer contains
the youngest fossils?
Layer A
Layer B
Layer C
Layer D
9) In the Mississippi River, sediment such as soil and rocks are swept downstream by the force of the
river. When the river flows into the Gulf of Mexico, most of the sediment is deposited.
Which activity could change the amount of sediment that is deposited from the river?
An increase in rain will cause more erosion, which will cause more sediment to be
deposited.
A decrease in rain will cause less erosion, which will cause more sediment to be
deposited.
An increase in rain will cause less erosion, which will cause more sediment to be
deposited.
An increase in rain will cause more erosion, but will not cause a change in sediment
deposited.
10) Which evidence could indicate that a flood has happened in an area?
A new mountain has formed.
The sky is cloudy.
A palm tree is charred black.
Soil and rocks are on the road and sidewalks.
11) Gravity pulls rainwater downhill and the flowing water erodes the landscape by ______.
forming sand dunes
washing away soil
forming a desert
forming moraines
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12) Which happens during physical weathering?
It snows.
Rocks are chemically changed into limestone.
The size and the shape of rocks are changed.
Rust is created from the combination of water and air.
13) Can ocean waves change the rocks along a coastline?
Yes. Pounding waves break rocks into smaller pieces.
Yes. Pounding waves glue smaller rocks together.
No. Waves are too weak to change rocks.
Maybe. Scientists are not sure.
14) Which is most like a glacier changing Earth's surface?
a bird drinking water from a puddle
a boy raking leaves into a pile
a speeding racecar
a bulldozer pushing and piling anything in its path
15) Which evidence could indicate that a flood has happened in an area?
A new mountain has formed.
The sky is cloudy.
A palm tree is charred black.
Soil and rocks are on the road and sidewalks.
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16) How will waves change the rocks shown in this picture?
The waves will press small rocks together, and they will form larger rocks.
The waves will pound, smooth, and break apart rocks.
The waves will wet the rocks, but not change their shapes.
The waves will change rocks into ocean water.
17) Which cannot be used to understand Earth's features?
Maps
Patterns
Moon phases
Observations
18) Which is not a feature found on the ocean floor?
rift valley
trench
continental shelf
estuary
19) Below is a picture of a canyon.
Which best explains how the canyon may have formed?
A volcanic eruption formed the canyon.
The canyon was formed by animals and plants.
Erosion from flowing water formed the canyon.
Humans carved the canyon out of a mountain using small tools.
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20) Some Earth events occur quickly. These changes can be easily observed. Which Earth event does not
happen quickly?
a landslide
weathering of rocks
an earthquake
21) What does the liquid from a volcano become when it cools?
rock
water
fire
22) When is a landslide most likely to occur?
after a month of dry weather
after a lot of rain
just before an earthquake
23) Which landform is not created by wind?
rock pedestals
sand dunes
mountains
24) A deep, narrow valley with steep sides is ______.
a mountain
a canyon
an abyssal plain
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25) Which is the tallest landform?
a mountain
a canyon
a plain
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