1

Lecture-01 2
Engr Sarmad Manzoor

Email: [email protected]

OFFICE: Civil Faculty hall

OFFICE HOURS:
Thursday: 10:00-12:30 hrs.
Friday: 8.30-10:00 hrs.

Or anytime if I am in the office.

Please schedule an appointment for longer discussions exceeding 15 min

Course Title: Engineering Hydrology
Course Code: CEE-306
Credit Hour: 3+0
Textbook: Ghumman, A. R. (2006) Engineering Hydrology: An Introduction.
Prosperous Pakistan Publishers, Lahore, Pakistan
Exams: Mid term exam and Final examination
Home Work: Homework will be given after completion of a major topic (a
minimum of 4 Homework Assignments)
Quiz and Attendance:
There will be minimum 4 quiz tests including a couple of pop-up quizzes in
class. Students are expected to attend all classes.
Final Grade: Final grade will depend on the different components with different
proportions.

4
  Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
At the completion of the course, the students
will be able to:

1. Demonstrate the components of hydrological

cycle.(C-3.PLO-1)
2. Analyze stream flow, runoff hydrographs and
Flood routing.(C-4.PLO-2)
3. Evaluate the impact of climate change &
climate variability on terrestrial hydrological
fluxes such as precipitation, evaporation &
river runoff. (C-6.PLO-7)
 The purpose of the course is to:
 To introduce students to the principles of
hydrology, including the hydrological cycle
and its impact on water resources availability,
catchment water balance;
 To equip the students with the knowledge of
measurement, accuracy & evaluation of
hydrological data, analysis of rainfall data,
flood routing and application of hydrological
techniques to practical problems
 “Hydrology is the science of water of the earth,
their circulation and distribution over the globe,
their physical and chemical properties and their
interaction with the physical and biological
environment.
Ref: NM Awan, 1981

 “Hydrology treats the water of the Earth, their

occurrence, circulation and distribution, their
chemical and physical properties, and their
reaction with their environment, including their
relation to the living things”. Ref: Linsley, Kohlar and Paulhus(1988)
 WHY HYDROLOGY IS IMPORTANT
• Fresh water is limited:
Of total world water, 97.5% is salty water and only 2.5% is
freshwater of which useable freshwater accounts for about
0.5%.
Of the 0.5% useable freshwater, irrigation/agriculture uses 70% (world
over), industry uses 20% and household 10%.

•Demands are Increasing and Expected to increase further

Demand for and use of freshwater has tripled over the past half
century, as world population has grown from 2.5 to 7.5 billion
people
By 2025 global water needs will increase with 40% more required
for cities and 20% for growing crops

Sources: Asian Development Bank; BBC; Earth Observatory; UNEP; UNESCO

 WHY HYDROLOGY IS IMPORTANT
• Water withdrawals are causing major rivers—such as the
Colorado, the Nile, the Yellow Rivers—to run dry in sections, lakes
to vanish and groundwater tables and aquifers to drop in many
places
• Over the next 20 years, average water supply per person is
estimated to drop by a third, potentially endangering human
health, agriculture and the environment
• Water volume in the Aral sea has dropped by about 80% since
1960s, due to extensive irrigation primarily for cotton production
•Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015)
•Sustainable Development Goal (Jan 2016 onward)
•70% of world population has access to Improved Water Supply (as
on 2015)
•39% of world population has access to improved Sanitation (as on
2015)

Sources: Asian Development Bank; BBC; Earth Observatory; UNEP; UNESCO

 Goal 6 goes beyond drinking water, sanitation and hygiene to
also address the quality and sustainability of water resources,
critical to the survival of people and the planet.

 The 2030 Agenda recognizes the centrality of water resources

to sustainable development, and the vital role that improved
drinking water, sanitation and hygiene play in progress in
other areas, including health, education and poverty
reduction.

https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2016/goal-06/
 A profession is a “calling requiring
specialized knowledge, which has as its prime
purpose the rendering of a public service”
 What hydrologists do:
1. Water Use – water withdrawal and in stream
uses
2. Water Control – flood and drought
mitigation
3. Pollution Control – point and nonpoint
sources Have these functions changed in
recent years?
 “Hydrology” as a field of science, is concerned
with three different forms of water, such as;
1. Above land surface, as atmospheric water /
precipitation

2. Over land surface, as surface water / runoff

3. Below land surface, as subsurface /

groundwater
 Engineering Hydrology includes those segments
of Hydrology which are pertinent to planning
design and operation of engineering projects for
the control and use of water.
◦ What flood flows can be expected over a
spillway or highway culvert or in urban storm
drainage system ?
◦ What reservoir capacity is required for irrigation
or municipal water supply during droughts ?
◦ What effects will reservoirs, levees and other
control works exert on flood flow in stream ?
◦ What are reasonable boundaries for the
floodplain ?
 The need of the hydrologic studies arises from the
following problems:
a. Uncertainty of precipitation and its seasonal occurrence
b. Seasonal flow of rivers, and
c. Population growth and rising standards of living

 Engineering Hydrology provides hydrologic data

essentially required for a variety of projects, such as:
a. Hydraulic Structures like Dams, Bridges, Head-works, Spillways
and Culverts etc.
b. Hydroelectric Power Generation
c. Flood Control Projects
d. Irrigation Projects
e. Environmental Pollution Control, and
f. Planning and Execution of Water Resources Development Projects
 The hydrologic data comprises:
1. Rainfall Data
2. Snowfall and Snowmelt Data
3. Runoff Data (Catchment Runoff and Stream
Flows)
4. Topographic Maps
5. Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
6. Satellite Imageries
7. Groundwater Data
8. Land Use Data
9. Soil Map etc
 Hydraulics :
1. Design of hydraulic structures (like spillway, bridges,
barrages, weirs, culverts, etc) to pass design discharge
2. Storage requirement of a reservoir for water supply or
irrigation
3. Stream flow design calculations
4. Design of hydraulic structures below reservoir / flood
zoning
 Hydrology:
1. Determination of magnitude of design discharge
2. Required water during dry & wet season
3. Effect of rainfall on magnitude of flow
4. Rainfall-runoff relationship
5. Flood forecasting & effect of reservoir on downstream
flood flows
 Some of the typical questions that a hydrologist has to answer
are:
1. Is the flow of stream sufficient to meet the needs of a city or
industry seeking the water supply, or an irrigation project, or a
proposed water resource development, or navigation, or
recreation?
2. Would a reservoir be required in connection with any of the
proposed uses and if so, what should be its capacity?
3. In the design of a flood protection system a barrage, a culvert
or a spillway for a dam, what is the design flood that may be
expected to occur with any specified frequency?
4. What would be the effect of draining an upland area or a
marshy region upon the flow of stream from the water shed?
5. How would certain changes, removal of forests etc., affect the
ground water level or the stream flow from such an area?
21
22