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MATRICES ( )
Only one option is correct.
1. A matrices A =  aij  is said to be a row matrix if :
m×n

(a) m ≤ n (b) m = n (c) m = 1 (d) n = 1

2. The matrices [a1 x1 + a2 x2 + a2 x2 + a3 x3 ] is of order :
(a) 1 × 1 (b) 1 × 2 (c) 1 × 3 (d) 3 × 1
3. The square matrices  aij  in which aij = 0 for i ≠ j and aij = k (constant) for i = j is called a :
(a) unit matrix (b) null matrix (c) diagonal matrix (d) scalar matrix
2 59
4. The trace of the matrix 7 −5 3 is :
 2 6 8
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 2
 m + 3 2 n + m   0 −7 
5. If  =  , then the values of m, n, p and q are :
 p − 1 4 q − 6   3 22 
(a) m = −4, n = 2, p = 3, q = 8 (b) m = −3, n = −2, p = 4, q = 7
−7
(c) m = −3, n = 4, p = 2, q = −3 (d) m = −0, n = 4, p = , p = −3, q = 5
2
 x + y + z  9 
6. If  x + y  =  5 , then the value of ( x, y , z ) is :
   
 y + z  7 
(a) ( 2, 3, 4 ) (b) ( 4, 3, 2 ) (c) ( 3, 2, 4 ) (d) (1, 3, 2 )
7. Select the correct statement :
(a) Every scalar matrix is an identity matrix (b) Every identity matrix is a scalar matrix
(c) every diagonal matrix is a scalar matrix
(d) A square matrix whose each element is 1 is an identity matrix
8. If A and B are square matrices of equal dimension, then which one is correct among the fallowing?
(a) A − B = B − A (b) A + B = A − B (c) A + B = B + A (d) AB = BA
1 0 0 
9. If A =  0 1 0  , then A2 is equal to :
 
 a b −1
(a) null matrix (b) unit matrix (c) − A (d) A
 1 0 0 0 
10. If A =   and B =   , then :
 2 0 1 12 
(a) AB = O, BA = O (b) AB = O, BA ≠ O (c) AB ≠ O, BA = O (d) AB ≠ O, BA ≠ O

th
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2 1
 1 −2 1 
and B =  3 2 , then ( AB ) is equal to :
T
11. If A =  
 2 1 3  
1 1 
−T
(a) AT B T (b) A.B (c) B T AT (d) ( AB )

If A and B are two square matrices of the same order then ( A − B ) is :

2
12.
(a) A2 − B 2 (b) A2 − 2 AB + B 2 (c) A2 − 2 BA + B 2 (d) A2 − AB − BA + B 2
cos θ sin θ 
13. If A =  , the A. A′ is :
 − sin cos θ 
(a) − A (b) I (c) A (d) A2
14. If A and B are 2 × 2 matrices, then which of the following is true?
(a) ( A + B ) = A2 + + B 2 + 2 AB (b) ( A − B ) = A2 + B 2 − 2 AB
2 2

(c) ( A − B )( A + B ) = A2 + AB − BA − B 2 (d) ( A − B )( A + B ) = A2 − B 2

 3
7 1 2    4
15. 9 2 1   4 + 2  2 is equal to :
   5  
 
 43  44   44   45
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 44   43  45  44 
 −5 4 0 
16. If A = [1 2 3] and B =  0 2 −1 , then AB equals :
 
 1 −3 2 

3 1 0 2
(a) [ −2 −1 4] (b)  −4  (c) [3 −4 8] (d)  3 4 −1
   
 1   −1 2 0 
1 a 
17. If A =   , then A4 is equal to :
0 1 
1 a 4   4 4a  4 a 4  1 4a 
(a)   (b) 0 4  (c)   (d)  
0 1    0 4  0 1 
18. For two matrices A and B of orders m × n and r × p respectively, AB exists if :
(a) m = p (b) m = r (c) n = r (d) n = p
 x − y − z   0
19. If  − y + z  =  5 , then the values of x, y and z are respectively :
   
 z   3
(a) 5, 2, 2 (b) 0, − 3, 3 (c) 1, − 2, 3 (d) 11, 8, 3
1
20. If aij = 2i − 3 j , then a matrix A2×2 =  aij  , will be :
2
 −1 / 2 −2  1 / 2 2   2 2   −2 −2 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 1 / 2 −1 1 / 2 1  1 / 2 1 / 2  1 / 2 −1 / 2 
21. A square matrix A satisfies A2 = I − A. The value of n for which An = 5I − 8 A, is :

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(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
 −1 0 
22. If A =   then A3 − A2 is equal to :
 0 2
(a) I (b) A (c) 2 I (d) 2 A
 3 2
23. If U = [2 −3 4] , X = [0 2 3] , V =  2  and Y =  2  , then (UV + XY ) is equal to :
   
 1   4 
(a) [ −20] (b) [20] (c) −20 (d) 20

 0 −1 2 
24. If A =  1 0 3 , then A + 2 AT is equal to :
 
 −2 −3 0
(a) A (b) AT (c) 2 A2 (d) − AT
1 k 
25. If A =   , then An is equal to :
0 1 
1 k n  1 nk  n k n   n nk 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
0 1  0 1  0 n  0 n 
1 0 0 
26. If A =  0 1 0  and I is the unit matrix of order 3, then A2 + 2 A4 + 4 A6 is equal to :
 
 a b −1
(a) 8 I (b) 8 A7 (c) 8 A8 (d) 7 A8
3 3 3
27. If A = 3 3 3 , then A4 is equal to :
 
3 3 3
(a) 27 A (b) 81 A (c) 243 A (d) 729 A
 1 2
a 2 3    4 13
28. If   ×  3 4 =   , then ( a, b ) is equal to :
 b 5 −1  −1 1  12 11
 
(a) ( −1, − 4 ) (b) (1, − 4 ) (c) (1, − 2 ) (d) (1, 3)
2 0 0
29. If A =  0 2 0  , then A5 is equal to :
 0 0 2
(a) 5 A (b) 10 A (c) 16 A (d) 32 A
 i 0 −i   −i i 
30. If P =  0 −i i  and Q =  0 0  , then PQ is equal to :
 
 −i i 0   i −i 
   
 2 −2   −2 2   2 −2   −2 2 
(a)  −1 1  (b)  1 −1 (c)  −1 1  (d)  0 0 
0 0  1 −1   −1 1   1 −1 
       

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31. If A is 3 × 4 matrix and B is a matrix such that A′B and BA′ are both defined, then B is of the
order:
(a) 3 × 3 (b) 3 × 4 (c) 4 × 3 (d) 4 × 4
32. If A and B are two matrices such that AB = O , then
(a) A = O or B = O (b) A = O and B = O
(c) It is not necessary that A = O and B = O (d) All the above statements are wrong
1 2   3 8 
33. What must be the matrix X if 2 X +  = ?
 3 4  7 2 
1 −3  2 −6  1 3  2 6 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 2 −1  4 −2   2 −1  4 −2 
a b  α β
34. If A =   and A2 =  then
b a β α 
(a) α = 2ab, β = α 2 + b 2 (b) α = a 2 + b 2 , β = a 2 − b 2 (c) α = 2ab, β = a 2 − b2 (d) α = a 2 + b 2 , β = 2ab
0 2   0 3a 
35. If A =   , kA =   , then the values of k , a and b are respectively
 3 −4   2b 24 
(a) −6, − 12, − 18 (b) −6, − 4, − 9 (c) −6, 4, 9 (d) −6, 12, 18
4
0 a 
36. If A =   = I , then
b 0 
(a) a = b (b) ab = 1 (c) c = b 2 (d) a = 1 = 2b
 i 0
37. If A =   , then A4 n where n is a natural number, equals
0 i 
(a) − A (b) A (c) − I (d) I
 1 2 3   −1 −2 
 −4 −5 −6
38. If P = 2 3 4   −2 0  
 , then p22 is equal to
    0 0 1 
 3 4 5  0 −4 
(a) −40 (b) −20 (c) 20 (d) 40
 cos θ sin θ   sin θ − cos θ 
39. cos θ   + sin θ  is equal to
 − sin θ cos θ  cos θ sin θ 
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
 cos α sin α 
40. If A =   , then A2 is equal to
 − sin α cos α 
 sin 2α cos 2α   cos 2α − sin α   cos 2α sin 2α  1 0
(a)   (b)  (c)  (d) 
cos 2α − sin 2α   − sin α cos 2α   − sin 2α

cos 2α  
0 1
1 −2   −1 4   0 1
41. If A =   , B=  and C =   , then 5 A − 3B + 2C is equal to
3 0   2 3  −1 0 
8 20  8 −20   −8 20   8 7
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
7 9   7 −9   −7 9   −20 −9 

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 i −i   1 −1
42. If A =   and B =   , then A8 equals
 −i i   −1 1 
(a) −128 B (b) −64 B (c) 64 B (d) 128 B
If A and B are two square matrices such that B = − A BA, then ( A + B ) is equal to
−1 2
43.
(a) O (b) A + B (c) A2 + B 2 (d) A2 + B 2 + 2 AB
44. If the orders of the matrices A, B and C are 4 × 3, 4 × 5 and 7 × 3 respectively, then the order of
( A′ × B )′ × C ′ is
(a) 4 × 5 n (b) 3 × 7 (c) 4 × 3 (d) 5 × 7
45. If 3 X + 2Y = I and 2 X − Y = O , where I and O are unit and null matrices respectively, then
2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2
(a) X = I, Y = I (b) X = I, Y = I (c) X = ,Y = (d) X = , Y =
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
 1 2 3  5 −2 0   −3 2 0
46. If A = 4 5 6 , B = −1 3 −4 and C =  1 −1 4 , then AB + AC is equal to
   
     
 7 8 9   6 −3 1   −6 3 1 
(a) − A (b) A (c) 2 A (d) 3 A
Let A and B both be 3 × 3 matrices. Then, ( AB ) = BA if
T
47.
(a) A is skew-symmetric and B is symmetric (b) B is skew-symmetric and A is symmetric
(c) A and B are skew-symmetric (d) None of these
48. If X and Y are matrices satisfying X + Y = I and 2 X − 2Y = I where the unit matix I and the
matrices X and Y are all square matrices of order, 3 then X equals
 1 0 0 1 0 1 3/ 4 0 0  1 / 3 0 0 
(a)  0 1 0  (b)  0 0 0  
(c)  0 3 / 4 0  (d)  0 1 / 3 0 
 
0 0 1 1 1 1  0 0 3 / 4   0 0 1 / 3 
     
1 + ω 2ω   a −ω   0 ω 
49. If 1, ω , ω 2 are cube roots of unity and if   +  =  , then a 2 + b 2 is equal to
 −2ω −b  3ω 2  ω 1 
(a) ω 2 − 1 (b) ω + 1 (c) ω 2 + 1 (d) ω − 1
i 0  0 −1 0 i 
50. If A =   ,B=  ,C=  , then A2 = B 2 = C 2 is equal to
 0 −i  1 0   i 0
(a) − I (b) I (c) 2 I (d) I 2
 1 2  −1 0 
51. If A =   and B =  2 3 , then
 −3 0   
(a) A2 = A (b) B 2 = B (c) AB ≠ BA (d) AB = BA = I
0 −1
52. If A =  16
 , then A is equal to
 1 0 
1 0  −1 0  0 1 0 −1
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
0 1  0 1 1 0 1 0 
 −1 3 5 
53. If M =  1 −3 −5  , then M 2 is equal to
 −1 3 5 
 

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(a) − M (b) − I (c) M (d) I
1 1 1
54. M =  1 1 1 , then M 50 is equal to
1 1 1
 
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 349 M (d) 3M
α 0 1 0
If P =  , Q =   such that P = Q, then α is equal to
2
55.
1 1  5 1 
(a) −1 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) None of these
 cos α sin α 
56. For a real number α , let A (α ) denote the matrix  Then, for real numbers α1 and
 − sin α cos α 
α 2 , A (α1 ) A (α 2 ) is equal to
(a) A (α1α 2 ) (b) A (α1 + α 2 ) (c) A (α 2 − α1 ) (d) A (α1 − α 2 )
 2 3
57. If A =   , then A3 + 3 A2 − 4 A + I is equal to
 −1 2 
 −14 −51  −14 51   −1 −1 1 1 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 −17 −14   −17 −14   −1 0  1 0
1 2 3  x 
58. If [1 x 1] 0 5 1   1  = O, then x is equal to
  
0 3 2   −2 
1 3 5
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d)
4 4 4
 1 −3
If A =   and A − 4 A + 10 I = A, then k is equal to
2
59.
 2 k 
(a) −4 (b) 0 (c) 4 and not 1 (d) 1 or 4
ω 0 
60. If ω be the imaginary cube root of unity and matrix H =  70
 , then H is equal to
 0 ω 
(a) O (b) I (c) H (d) H 2
1 2 2
61. If A =  2 1 2  , then A3 − 4 A2 − 6 A is equal to
2 2 1
 
(a) O (b) A (c) − A (d) 1
 1 −2   3 6
62. If A =   and f ( t ) = t 2
− 3t + 7, then f ( A ) +  −12 −9  is equal to
4 5   
0 0 0 1 1 1  1 0
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
 1 −1 1 a 
such that ( A + B ) = A2 + B 2 , then
2
63. If A =   and B =  
 2 −1 4 b 
(a) a = −1, b = 1 (b) a = 0, b = 2 (c) a = 1, b = 2 (d) a = 1, b = −1
64. Given P = [5 6 2] and AT = [ 4 8 1 7 8] where AT denotes the transpose of the matrix A. If

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PT AT = QT then, the order of the matrix Q is equal to
(a) 1 × 2 (b) 3 × 5 (c) 5 × 1 (d) 5 × 3
 1 0 0
65. If A = 0 1 0 , then A2 + 2 A equals
 
0 0 1
(a) A (b) 2 A (c) 3 A (d) 4 A
1 1
66. If A =  100
 , then A is equal to
1 1
(a) 2100 A (b) 299. A (c) 2101. A (d) None of these
1 2
67. If A =   and A2 − kA − I 2 , = O, , then the value of k is
 2 3
(a) −3 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
 2 −1 4  5 0 3
68. If 2 A + 3B =   and A + 2 B =   , then B is equal to
 3 2 5 1 6 2 
 8 −1 2  8 1 2  8 1 −2  8 1 2 
(a)   (b)   (c) m   (d)  
 −1 10 −2   −1 10 −1  −1 10 −1 1 10 1 
69. m [ −3 4] + n [4 −3] = [10 −11] ⇒ 3m + 7n is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 10
 1 ω ω2   ω ω2 1  1
   2 
70. If A =  ω ω 2
1  , B = ω 1 ω  , C =  ω  , then ( AC + BC ) is equal to where ω is
 
ω 2 1 ω   ω ω2 1  ω 2 
   
imaginary cube root of unity
 0 1  1  1
(a) 0 (b) 0 (c) 0 (d) 1
       
0 0 1 1
 0 0 −1
71. Let A =  0 −1 0  . Then only correct statement about the matrix A is
 −1 0 0 
 
(a) A is a zero matrix (b) A = ( −1) I , where I is a unit matrix
(c) A−1 does not exist (d) A2 = I
1 2 2 
72. If A =  2 1 −2  is a matrix satisfying AAT = 9 I 3 , then the values of a and b are respectively
 
 a 2 b 
(a) −2, − 1 (b) −1, 2 (c) 1, − 2 (d) 2, − 1
1 1 1
73. If A = 1 1 1 , then An is
 
1 1 1

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3n 3n 3n  3n −1 3n −1 3n −1 
   
(a) 3n 3n 3n  (b) 3n −1 3n −1 3n −1  (c) A (d) None of these
3n 3n 3n  3n −1 3n −1 3n −1 
  
 cos x sin x 
74. If A =   , then the value of An , where n = 1, 2,3,..., is
 − sin x cos x 
1 0  cos nx sin nx   cos2 nx sin 2 nx   cosn x sin n x 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  n 
 − sin nx cos nx   − sin nx cos nx   − sin x cos x 
2 2 n
0 1
75. If A is a square matrix, then A + At is a
(a) diagonal matrix (b) triangular matrix (c) symmetric matrix (d) skew-symmetric matrix
76. If A and B are skew-symmetric matrices of order n, then
(a) A + B is symmetric (b) A + B is skew-symmetric
(c) A + B is a zero matrix (d) A + B is a diagonal matrix
77. If in a square matrix A =  aij  , we have aij = a ji ∀ i & j , then A is
(a) diagonal matrix (b) symmetric matrix (c) transpose matrix (d) skew-symmetric matrix
78. If a matrix A is symmetric as well as skew-symmetric, then A is a
(a) null matrix (b) unit matrix (c) diagonal matrix (d) triangular matrix
 1 ω ω2 
 
79. The matrix  ω ω 2 1  is a
ω 2 1 ω 
 
(a) null matrix (b) skew-symmetric matrix (c) symmetric matrix (d) None of these
80. If A =  aij  is a skew-symmetric matrix of order n, then aii is equal to
(a) 0 for some i (b) 0 for all i = 1, 2,....., n (c) 1 for some i (d) 1 for all i = 1, 2,..., n
 6 8 5
81. If A =  4 2 3 is the sum of a symmetric matrix B and skew symmetric matrix C , then B is
 
 9 7 1
6 6 7  0 6 −2   0 2 −2  6 6 7
(a)  6 2 5 (b)  2 0 −2  (c)  −2 5 −2  (d)  −6 2 −5
       
7 5 1   −2 −2 0   2 2 0   −7 5 1 

x y z
82. If  −2 0 −1 is skew-symmetric, then ( x, y , z ) is equal to
 
 3 1 0 
(a) ( 0, 2, − 3) (b) ( 0, − 1, 3) (c) ( 0, − 2, 3) (d) (1, 2, 3)
83. If A is a symmetric matrix and n ∈ N then An is
(a) a diagonal matrix (b) symmetric (c) skew symmetric (d) None of these
 1 x + 3
84. If A =   is a symmetric matrix then x is equal to
 2 x + 1 x − 1
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
85. If A and B are two non-singular square matrices of the same order, then B T AB is
(a) symmetric if and only if A is symmetric (b) symmetric if and only if B is symmetric

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(c) skew symmetric for every matrix A (d) skew symmetric if B is skew symmetric
86. Let A and B be symmetric matrices of the same order. Then,
(a) A + B is symmetric matrix (b) AB − BA is skew-symmetric matrix
(c) AB + BA is symmetric matrix (d) All of these
1
87. If A is a square matrix, A′ its transpose, then ( A − A′) is
2
(a) a symmetric matrix (b) a skew-symmetric matrix (c) a unit matrix (d) an elementary matrix
 2 λ −4 
88. The matrix  −1 3 4  is non-singular if
 
 1 −2 −3
(a) λ ≠ −2 (b) λ = −3 (c) m λ ≠ 2 (d) λ ≠ 3
 1 −3 −4 
89. The matrix A =  −1 3 4  is nilpotent of index
 
 1 −3 −4
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6
 0 2b c 
90. If  a b − c  is orthogonal, then ( a, b, c ) is equal to
 
 a −b c 

 1 1 1   1 1 1 
(a)  ± ,± ,±  (b)  ± ,± ,± 
 2 2 2  2 6 2
 1 1 1   1 1 1 
(c)  ± ,± ,±  (d)  ± ,± ,± 
 2 6 3  3 2 6
 i 1 − 2i 
91. The matrix A =  is which of the following ?
 −1 − 2i 0 
(a) Symmetric (b) Skew Symmetric (c) Hermitian (d) Skew Hermitian
 x −i   2i y
92. Let A =   and B =  where x and y are real. If A + B is Skew-Hermitian, then ( x, y )
 3 −3i   −i 0 
is
(a) ( 0, − 3) (b) (1, − 3) (c) ( 0, 3) (d) (1, 3)
 3 5 1 17 
93. If A =   and B =   , then AB is equal to
 2 0 0 −10
(a) 80 (b) 100 (c) −110 (d) 92
94. If B is a non-singular matrix and A is a square matrix such that B −1 AB , exists, then det ( B −1 AB ) is
equal to
(a) det ( A) (b) det ( B ) (c) det ( A−1 ) (d) det ( B −1 )

95. If A × adj ( A) = O , then A is equal to

1
(a) 0 (b) (c) adjA (d) 1
adjA
1 3 
96. If A =   , then Adjoint A is
3 10 

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10 3 10 −3 1 3   −1 −3 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 3 1  −3 1  3 10  −3 −10 
97. If A is a singular matrix of order n, then A ( adjA) equals
(a) null matrix (b) row matrix (c) identity matrix (d) None of these \
1 −1 1
98. If A = 1 2 0 , then adjA is equal to
 
1 3 0
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) None of these
 cos α sin α  k 0
99. If A =   , and A. adjA =   , then k is equal to
 − sin α cos α  0 k 
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) sin α cos α (d) cos 2α
α β
100. If A =  , then adjA is equal to
γ δ 
 −δ −β   −δ β  δ −β  α −γ 
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
γ α  γ −α   −γ α  − β α 
 1 −2 2 
101. If A = 0 2 −3 , then A ( adjA) is equal to
 
 3 −2 4 
0 0 0 5 0 0 5 1 1 8 0 0
(a) 0 0 0 (b) 0 5 0 (c) 1 5 1 (d) 0 8 0
       
0 0 0 0 0 5 1 1 5 0 0 8
10 0 
102. For any 2 × 2 matrix A, if A ( adjA ) =   , then A i.e. det A equal to
 0 10 
(a) 0 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 100
 −2 6 
103. If A =   , then adjA is equal to
 −5 7 
 7 −6   2 −6   7 −5   2 −6 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 5 −2   5 −7   6 −2   5 −7 
 −1 −2 3 
104. The minors of −4 and 9 and the cofactors of −4 and 9 in the matrix  −4 −5 −6 are respectively
 
 −7 8 9 
(a) 42, 3; − 42, 3 (b) −42, − 3 ; 42, − 3 ≤ (c) 42, 3 ; −42, 3 (d) 42, 3; 42, 3
3 2
105. If A =   , then A. ( adjA) is equal to
1 4 
10 0  10 1   0 10 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d) None of these
 0 10   1 10  10 0 
− x − y 
106. If X =  , then the transpose of adjX is
 z t 

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 11
 t z  t y  t −z  t − y
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
− y − z  − z − x  y − x z −x
 −1 −2 −2 
107. If A =  2 1 −2  , then adjA is equal
 
 2 −2 1 
(a) A (b) 3A (c) At (d) 3 At
 1 0 2   5 a −2 
108. Adj  −1 1 −2 =  1 1 0  ⇒ ( a, b ) is equal to
   
 0 2 1   −2 −2 b 
(a) ( −4, − 1) (b) ( −4, 1) (c) ( 4, − 1) (d) ( 4, 1)

 1 −1 0 
109. Match the following elements of 0 4 2  with their cofactors and choose the correct answer.
 
 3 −4 6 
Element Cofactor
(I) –1 (p) −2
(II) 1 (q) 32
(III) 3 (r) 4
(IV) 6 (s) 6
(a) I → s, II → q, III → p, IV → r (b) I → s, II → p, III → q, IV → r
(c) I → q, II → s, III → r , IV → p (d) I → q, II → s, III → p, IV → r
110. If A, B and C be three invertible matrices of order 3, then ( ABC )
−1
equals
(a) ABC −1 (b) CBA (c) A−1B −1C −1 (d) C −1B −1 A−1
111. Suppose A is a matrix of order 3 and B = A A−1. if A = −5, then B is equal to
(a) −1 (b) 5 (c) 25 (d) −125
112. The inverse of a skew-symmetric matrix of odd order is
(a) a symmetric matrix (b) a skew-symmetric matrix (c) a diagonal matrix (d) does not exist
6 x − 2 
113. The value of x where A =  has no inverse, is;
3 x 
(a) −2 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 3
cos θ − sin θ 
114. If A =  , then
 sin θ cos θ 
(a) adjA = A (b) A−1 = A (c) adjA = A−1 (d) A− = −adjA
115. If A is an invertible matrix which satisfies the relation A2 + A − I = O then A−1 equals
(a) A2 (b) I + A (c) I − A (d) I − A2
116. If A and B are square matrices of the same order and AB = 3I , then A−1 equals to
1 1 −1
(a) B (b) 3B (c) B (d) 3B −1
3 3
117. If for matrix A, A3 = I , then A−1 is equal to
(a) A (b) A2 (c) A3 (d) I

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 3 −2 4 
118. If matrix A = 1 2 −1 and A−1 = AdjA, then k is equal to
1
  k
0 1 1 
(a) −7 (b) 7 (c) 11 (d) 15
 2 2 0 −1
, then ( B −1 A−1 ) is equal to
−1
119. If A =   and B =  
 −3 2  1 0 
 2 −2  1  2 2  3 −2  1  3 2
(a)   (b) (c)  (d)
2 3  10  −2 3 2 2 
 10  −2 2 

120. For non-singular square matrices A, B and C of same order, ( AB −1C )

−1
is equal to

(a) C −1BA (b) C −1BA−1 (c) A−1BC −1 (d) CBA−1

−1
121. If A is a 3 × 3 non-singular matrix if A = 3, then ( 2 A) is equal to

1 1
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) 24
24 3
122. If a matrix A is such that 4 A3 + 2 A2 + 7 A + I = O, then A−1 equals
(a) 4 A2 + 2 A − 7 I (b) − ( 4 A2 − 2 A + 7 I ) (c) 4 A2 − 2 A − 7 I (d) − ( 4 A2 + 2 A + 7 I )

123. If A2 − A + I = O, then the inverse of A is

(a) A (b) A + I (c) I − A (d) A − I
3 4
124. If A is an invertible matrix whose inverse is the matrix   , then A is the matrix
5 6 
 −3 2  1 / 3 1 / 4   6 −4  1 / 3 4 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 5 / 2 −3 / 2  1 / 5 1 / 6   −5 6   5 1 / 6
 1 0 −k 
125. Matrix A =  2 1 3  is invertible for
 
 k 0 1 
(a) k = −1 (b) k = 0 (c) k = 1 (d) all real values of k
126. Which one of the following statements is true ?
(a) Non-singular square matrix does not have a unique inverse
(b) Determinant of a non-singular matrix is zero.
n −1
(c) If At = A, then A is square matrix (d) If A ≠ 0, then A.adjA = A , where A =  aij 
n ×n

 λ −1 4 
127. The matrix  −3 0 1  is invertible if
 
 −1 1 2 
(a) λ ≠ −20 (b) λ ≠ −19 (c) λ ≠ −18 (d) λ ≠ −17
128. Which of the following matrices has no inverse ?
2 1  1 0  1 1  1 2 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
1 2  2 2 2 2 2 1 
1 a 2 
129. The matrix 1 2 5 is not invertible if, a has the value
 
 2 1 1 

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(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
4 7 
130. The inverse of the matrix   is equal to
1 2 
 −2 1   −2 7   2 −1  2 −7 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 7 4  1 −4   −7 4   −1 4 
cos θ − sin θ 
131. For 0 < θ < π , if A =  , then
 sin θ cos θ 
(a) AT = A (b) AT = − A (c) A2 = I (d) AT = A−1
1 2 
132. If A =   , then A−1 is equal to
 3 − 5
 −5 −2  5 / 11 2 / 11   −5 / 11 −2 / 11 5 2 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 −3 1  3 / 11 −1 / 11  −3 / 11 1 / 11  3 −1
0 0 1
133. If A = 0 1 0 , then A−1 is equal to
 
1 0 0
(a) − A (b) A (c) − I (d) I
1 3 2

134. Let A =  2 5 t  , then the values of t for which the inverse of A does not exist, are
 4 7 − t −6 
 
(a) −3, 2 (b) −2, 1 (c) 3, − 1 (d) 3, 2
9  3 −1 / 2 −1 / 2 
135. If for AX = B, B = 52 and A =  −4 3 / 4 5 / 4  , then X is equal to
  −1
   
 0   2 −1 / 4 −3 / 4 

1  −1 / 2   −4   3 
(a) 3 
(b) −1 / 2  (c) 2  (d)  3 / 4 
       
5  2   3   −3 / 4 
136. If A, B are square matrices of order 3, A is non-singular and AB = O, then B is a
(a) null matrix (b) non-singular matrix (c) singular matrix (d) unit matrix
137. If A and B are square matrices of the same order, then
−1
(b) ( AB ) = AT B T (d) ( AB ) = A−1B −1
T
(a) AB = BA (c) AB = A B
138. If A and B are two non-zero square matrices of the same order such that AB = O, then
(a) A = 0 or B = 0 (b) AdjA = O or AdjB = O (c) A = 0 and B = 0 (d) AdjA = O and AdjB = O
3 2
139. If A =   , then ( A ) is equal to
−1 3

0 1 
1  −1 −26  1 1 −26  1  −1 26  1 1 −26 
(a) (b) (c) (d)
27  0 −27  27  0 −27  27  0 27  27  0 27 
 θ
 1 tan 
2 and AB = I , then B is equal to
140. If A =  
 − tan θ 1 
 2 

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θ θ θ
(a) cos2 .A (b) cos2 .I (c) cos2 . At (d) None of these
2 2 2
 x −2  −1  7 / 34 1 / 17 
141. If A =   and A =  −3 / 34 2 / 17  , then value of x is
3 7   
(a) −6 (b) −2 (c) 4 (d) 5
1 0  0 1 −1
142. If P =   ,Q=  , then ( P cos θ + Q sin θ ) equals
0 1  −1 0 
(a) P sin θ + Q cos θ (b) − P cos θ − Q sin θ (c) P sin θ − Q cos θ (d) P cos θ − Q sin θ
 − cot θ cosecθ 
143. The inverse of  is
 −cosecθ cot θ 
 cot θ −cosecθ   − cot θ cosecθ   − cot θ −cosecθ   cot cosecθ 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d) 
 −cosecθ cot θ  cosecθ − cot θ   −cosecθ − cot θ  cosecθ cot θ 
cos 2θ − sin 2θ 
144. Inverse of the matrix  is
 sin 2θ cos 2θ 
 cos 2θ sin 2θ  cos 2θ sin 2θ  cos 2θ sin 2θ  cos 2θ − sin 2θ 
(a)  (b) (c)  (d)
 − sin 2θ cos 2θ   sin 2θ
 cos 2θ   sin 2θ − cos 2θ   sin 2θ
 cos 2θ 
 0 3
145. If A =   and A−1 = λ . ( A) , then λ is equal to
 2 0
1 1 1 1
(a) − (b) − (c) (d)
3 6 6 3
 −1 2   3
146. If for A =   and B = 1  , AX = B, then X is equal to
 2 −1  
1  3 1 7  1 7  1  5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 7  3  5 5  3 3 7 
 1 tan θ 
and AB = I , then ( cos2 θ ) B is equal to
−1
147. If A (θ ) =  
 − tan θ 1 
 θ θ 
(a) A ( −θ ) (b) A  −  (c) A   (d) A (θ )
 2 2
1 0 0
148. A = 0 1 0 , then
 
0 0 1
(a) adjA = A (b) adjA = A′ (c) adjA = A−1 (d) all the statements are true.
 3 1  5 −1
149. If   X =  , then X is equal to
 4 1 2 3 
 −3 4  3 4  −3 4   3 −4 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 −4 13 14 13 14 −13  −14 13 
 1 0 0
150. The inverse of the matrix  a 1 0 is
 
 b c 1

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 −1 0 0   1 0 0 1 −a ac − b   1 0 0
(a)  − a 0 0 (b)  − a 1 0 (c) 0 1 −c  (d)  −a 1 0
       
 b −c 1  ac b 1 0 0 1   ac − b −c 1
1 2  1 0
151. Let A =   and B =   and X be a matrix such that A = BX , then the value of X is
 3 − 5 0 2
 −2 4  1  −2 4  2 4  1 2 4 
(a)   (b) (c)  (d)
 3 5 2  3 5  
 3 − 5 2  3 −5
2 x 0 1 0
152. If A =   and A−1 =  , then x equals
 x x  −1 2 
1 1
(a) − (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
2 2
 2 1   −3 2   1 0 
153. If   A = , then the matrix A is equal to
 3 2   5 −3 0 1 
1 1  1 0 1 1 0 1
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
1 0 1 1  0 1 1 0
 1 −1 1   4 2 2
154. Let A = 2 1 −3 and (10 ) B =  −5 0 α  . If B is the inverse of A, then α is equal to
 
   
 1 1 1   1 −2 3 
(a) −2 (b) −1 (c) 2 (d) 5
2 1  1 / 2 1 / 6 
155. If A =   and A−1 =   , then the value of x is equal to
0 x   0 1 / x
(a) −6 (b) −3 (c) 2 (d) 6
1 −1
156. If matrix A =   , then
1 1 
1 1   1 1
(a) A′ =   (b) A−1 =  
1 −1  −1 1
λ −λ 
(c) A + A′ = 2 I (d) λ A =  where λ is a non-zero scalar
1 1 
 x1   1 −1 2   3
157. Let X =  x2  , A =  2 0 1  and B =  1  . If AX = B, then X is equal to
x   3 2 1 4
 3    
1  −1   −1   −1 
(a)  2  (b)  −2  (c)  −2  (d)  2 
 3  3  −3  3
       
 cot θ 1   cot θ 1 
158. If A =   and B =  , then A−1B is equal to
 −1 cot θ   1 cot θ 
 cos 2θ 0  cos 2θ 0  1 cos 2θ   cos 2θ sin 2θ 
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
 sin 2θ 1   sin 2θ 0   sin 2θ 0   1 1 

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1 2 −3
159. The element in the first row and third column of the inverse of the matrix 0 1 2  is
 
0 0 1 
(a) −2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 7
 7 −3 −3
160. The inverse of the matrix  −1 1 0  is
 
 −1 0 1 
1 1 1   1 2 1 1 1 1  1 3 3
(a) 3 4 3 (b)  4 3 8 (c) 3 3 4  (d) 1 4 3
       
3 3 4  1 4 1 3 4 3 1 3 4

 3 −3 4 
161. If A =  2 −3 4 , then A−1 is equal to
 
 0 −1 1 
(a) A (b) A2 (c) A3 (d) A4
3 0 0 
−1  
162. If X and Y are two non-singular matrices such that XYX =  0 2 0  , then XY −1 X −1 is equal to
 0 0 −7 
 
 −1 / 3 0 0 1 / 3 0 0 1 / 3 0 0  1 / 3 0 0 

(a)  0 1 / 2 0  (b)  0 −1 / 2 0 
  
(c)  0 1 / 2 0  (d)  0 1 / 2 0
 
 0 0 −7   0 0 7   0 0 −1 / 7   0 0 7 
    
163. Which of the following is correct ?
(a) If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that A = −1, B = 3, then the determinant of
3AB is equal to 27.
(b) If A is an invertible matrix, then det ( A−1 ) is equal to det ( A)

(c) If A and B are matrices of the same order, then ( A + B ) = A2 + 2 AB + B 2 , if AB = I

2

(d) All of these

164. If A, B, C are square matrices of the same order, then which of the following is true?
(b) ( AB ) = A2 B 2 (c) AB = O ⇒ A = O or B = O (d) AB = I ⇒ AB = BA
2
(a) AB = AC

cos θ − sin θ 0
165. If f (θ ) =  sin θ 0 , then { f (θ )} is equal to
−1
cos θ
 
 0 0 1

{ f ( −θ )}
−1
(a) f ( −θ ) (b) (c) f ( 2θ ) (d) cos θ f (θ )

 1 −2 3 
166. If A =  0 −1 4  , then ( A′) is equal to
−1
 
 −2 2 1 
 1 −1 −2   4 −3 1   − 9 −8 −2   − 6 4 −2 
(a)  −2 −1 2  (b)  3 6 −7 (c)  8 7 2 (d)  3 −5 −1
       
 3 4 1   −1 2 −2  −5 −4 −1  7 −2 7 

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1 0 −1  a11 a12 a13 

167. If matrix A = 3 4 5 and its inverse is denoted by A =  a21 a22 a23  , then the value of a23 is
  −1
   
0 6 7   a31 a32 a33 
equal to
1 2 −4 −3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5
0 1 2  1 / 2 −1 / 2 1 / 2 
168. If A = 1 2 3 and A =  −4
  −1
3 c  , then
   
 3 a 1  5 / 2 −3 / 2 1 / 2 
1 1 1 1
(a) a = 2, c = − (b) a = 1, c = −1 (c) a = −1, c = (d) a = ,c=
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
169. If ω is a cube root of unity and A = 1 ω ω 2  , then A−1 is equal to

 
1 ω 2 ω 
 1 ω ω2  1 ω ω 2  1 1 1  ω ω 2 1
  1  1 
(c) 1 ω 2 ω 
1
(a) ω 2 1 ω  (b) 1 ω 2 ω  (d) ω 2 ω 1
2 3   6
 ω ω2 1  1 1 1  1 ω ω 2  1 1 1
   
170. If the system of equations ax + y = 3, x + 2 y = 3, 3x + 4 y = 7 is consistent, then the value of a is
(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
171. The system of linear equations x + y + z = 0, 2 x + y − z = 0, 3 x + 2 y = 0 has
(a) a unique solution (b) no solution (c) infinitely many solutions (d)None of these
172. The number of solutions of equations x + y − z = 0, 3 x − y − z = 0, x − 3 y = 0 is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinite
173. If 3 x + 2 y + z = 0, x + 4 y + z = 0, 2 x + y + 4 z = 0 be a system of homogeneous equations, then
(a) it is inconsistent
(b) It can be reduced to a single equation, so that no solution exists
(c) Only one trivial solution exists (d) determinant of the coefficient matrix is zero
174. The system of equations x + y + z = 0, 2 x + 3 y + z = 0, x + 2 y = 0 has
(a) a unique solution; x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 (b) no solution
(c) finite number of non-zero solution (d) infinite solutions
175. The system of equations 2 x − y + z = 0, α x − y + 2 = 0, x − 2 y + z = 0 has non-zero solution if α is
equal to
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 5
176. The system of linear equations x + y + z = 2, 2 x + y − z = 3, 3 x + 2 y + kz = 4 has a unique solution if
(a) k ≠ 0 (b) −1 < k < 1 (c) −2 < k < 2 (d) k = 0
177. The values of a for which the system of equations x + y + z = 0, x + ay + az = 0, x − ay + z = 0,
possesses non-zero solution are
(a) −1, 1 (b) 1, 0 (c) 1, 2 (d) −1, 2
178. The system of linear equations x + ky + 3z = 0, 3 x + ky − 2 z = 0, 2 x + 3 y − 4 z = 0, possesses a non-
trivial solution if
33 23
(a) k = 0 (b) k = (c) k = 1 (d) k =
2 2

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179. If x1 2 x2 + 3 x3 = a, 2 x1 + 3 x2 + x3 = b, 3 x1 + x2 + 2 x3 = c, then this system of equations has
(a) no solution (b) unique solution (c) infinite number of solution (d)None of these
180. The system of equations x + 2 y + 3z = 4, 2 x + 3 y + 4 z = 5, 3 x + 4 y + 5 z = 6 has
(a) no solution (b) unique solution (c) infinite number of solutions (d)None of these
181. The number of non-trivial solutions of the system: x − y + z = 0, x + 2 y − z = 0, 2 x + y + 3z = 0 is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
182. The system of equations 3 x + y − z = 0, 5 x + 2 y − 3z = 2, 15 x + 6 y − 9 z = 5 has
(a) no solution (b) a unique solution (c) two distinct solutions (d)infinitely many solutions
183. The number of solutions of the system of equations 2 x + y − z = 7, x − 3 y + 2 z = 1, x + 4 y − 3z = 5 is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinity many
184. The number of solutions of the equations x2 − x3 = 1, − x1 + 2 x3 = 2, x1 − 2 x2 = 3 is
(a) zero (b) one (c) two (d) infinite
185. The system of equations x + y + z = 2, 3 x − y + 2 z = 6, 3 x + y + z = −18 has
(a) no solution (b) a unique solution
(c) zero solution as the only solution (d) an infinite number of solutions
186. The existence of a unique solution of the system of equations
x + y + z = λ , 5 x − y + µ z = 10, 2 x + 3 y − z = 6 depends on
(a) µ only (b) λ only (c) λ and µ both (d) neither λ nor µ
187. For what value of k the following system of linear equations will have infinite solutions
x − y + z = 3, 2 x + y − z = 2, 3z − 2ky + 6 z = 3
(a) k = 0 (b) k ≠ 2 (c) k = 3 (d) k ∈ [2, 3]
188. The number of values of k for which the linear equations
4 x + ky + 2 z = 0, kx + 4 y + z = 0, 2 x + 2 y + z = 0 posses a non-zero solution is
(a) zero (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
189. If x + y + z = 6, x − y + z = 2, 2 x + y − z = 1, then x, y , z are respectively
(a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 2, 1, 3 (c) 3, 2, 1 (d) None of these
190. Consider the system of linear equations x1 + 2 x2 + x3 = 3, 2 x1 + 3 x2 + x3 = 3, 3x1 + 5 x2 = 1. The system
has
(a) infinite number of solutions (b)no solution (c) exactly 3 solutions (d) a unique solution
191. If A and B are two matrices such that A + B and AB are both defined then
(a) A and B are two matrices not necessarily of same order .
(b) A and B are square matrices of same order
(c) Number of columans of A = Number of rows of B. (d) None of these
 3 −2 4 
192. If matrix A = 1 2 −1 and A−1 = ( adjA ) , then K is :
1
K
0 1 1 
(a) 7 (b) −7 (c) 15 (d) −11
193. If A is a square matrix such that ( A − 2 I )( A + I ) = 0, then A =−1

A− I A+ I
(a) (b) (C) 2 ( A − I ) (d) 2A + I
2 2
194. If A and B are two square matrices such that B = − A−1 BA, then ( A + B ) =
2

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(a) 0 (b) A2 + B 2 (C) A2 + 2 AB + B 2 (D) A + B
 0 0 −1
 
195. Let A =  0 −1 0  . the only correct
 −1 0 0 
 
Statement about the matrix A is
(a) A2 = 1 (B) A = ( −1) I , WHERE I,is a unit mqatrix
(c) A−1 does not exist (d) A is zero matrix
 1 −1 1   4 2 2
   
196. Let A =  2 1 −3  and 10 B =  −5 0 α  .
1 1 1   1 −2 3 
   
If B is the inverse of matrix A, then α is
(a) 5 (b) −1 (c) 2 (d) −2
α β 
197. If the matrix A =   in such that A = I , then which one of the following is correct ?
2

 β α 
(a) α = 0, β = 1 or α = 1, β = 0 (b) α = 0, β ≠ 1 or α ≠ 1, β = 1
(c) α = 1, β ≠ 0 or α ≠ 1, β = 1 (d) α ≠ 0, β ≠ 0
α 0 1 0
198. If A =   and B =   such that A2 = B , then what is the value of α ?
1 1 2 1
(a) −1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
 1 −2 −3 
199. If A =  2 1 −2  , then which one of the following is correct ?
 3 2 1 
(a) A is symmetric matrix (b) A is anti – symmetric matrix
(c) A is singular matrix (d) A is non – singular matrix
α β 
200. If the matrix A =   is such that A2 = I , then which one of the following is correct ?
β α 
(a) α = 0, β = 1 or α = 1, β = 0 (b) α = 0, β ≠ 1 or α ≠ 1, β = 1
(c) α = 1, β ≠ 0 or α ≠ 1, β = 1 (d) α ≠ 0, β ≠ 0
α 0 1 0
201. If A =   and B =   such that A2 = B, then what is the value of α ?
1 1 2 1
(a) −1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
1 −2 −3
202. If A =  2 1 −2 , then which one of the following is correct ?
 3 2 1 
(a) A is symmetric matrix . (b) A is anit symmetric matrix .
(c) A is singular matrix (d) A is non – singular matrix .
5 2 3 6 
203. If A + B =   and A − B =   , then what is the value of AB?
0 9  0 −1
4 4 0 4  4 −4   4 12 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
0 4 4 4  0 20   0 20 
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1 2 3
204. The rank of the matrix  λ 2 4  is 3 if
 2 −3 1 
18 18 18
(a) λ ≠ (b) λ = (c) λ = − (d) none of these
11 11 11

( )
−1
205. If the matrix A, B, ( A + B ) are non-singular, then A ( A + B ) B
−1
is :

( A + 2B )
−1
(a) A + B (b) A−1 + B −1 (c) (d) none of these
−1
206. If the matrices A, B, ( A + B ) are non-singular, then  A ( A + B ) B 
−1
is equal to :
 
( A + B)
−1
(a) A + B (b) A−1 + B −1 (c) (d) B −1 A + BA−1
207. Let A be a square matrix of order 3 such that transpose of inverse of A is A itself, then adj ( adj A ) is
equal to
(a) 9 (b) 27 (c) 4 (d) 1
 1 −1  a 1 
and ( A + B ) = A2 + B 2 + 2 AB, then the values of a and b are
2
208. If A =   ,B =  
2 1   b −1 
(a) a = 1, b = −2 (b) a = 1, b = 2 (c) a = −1, b = 2 (d) a = −1, b = −2
209. The equation x + 2 y + 3 z = 1, x − y + 4 z = 0, 2 x + y + 7 z = 1
(a) only two solutions (b)only one solutions (c)no solution (d) infinitely many solutions
0 1 2  1 / 2 −1 / 2 1 / 2 
210. If A 1 2 3 and A =  −4 −1
3 c  , then the value of a and c is equal to
 
3 a 1  5 / 2 −3 / 2 1 / 2 
(a) 1, 1 (b) 1, − 1 (c) 1, 2 (d) −1, 1
3 5  1 17 
211. If A =   and B =   , then AB is equal to
2 0  0 −10 
(a) 80 (b) 100 (c) −110 (d) 92
212. If A ( adj A ) = 5I where I is the identity of order 3, then adj A is equal to :
(a) 125 (b) 25 (c) 5 (d) 10
213. If A =  aij  is a square matrix of even order such that aij = i − j , then
2 2

(a) A is a skew-symmetric matrix and A = 0 (b) A is a symmetric matrix and A is a square

(c) A is a symmetric matrix and A = 0 (d) none of these
214. Let A be an invertible matrix. Which of the following is not true ?
(a) ( AT ) = ( A−1 ) (c) ( A2 ) = ( A−1 )
−1 T −1 −1 2 −1
(b) A−1 = A (d) A−1 = A

215. If B is a non-singular matrix and A is a square matrix, then det ( B −1 AB ) is equal to

(a) det ( A−1 ) (b) det ( B −1 ) (c) det ( A) (d) det ( B )

α 0 1 0 
216. If A =   and B =   , then the value of α for which A2 = B, is
1 1 5 1 
(a) 1 (b) −1 (c) 4 (d) no any value

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 21
−1
 a b3  1 8  a b 
217. If  =  , then   =
 2 0  2 0  2 0
 0 −2  1 0   0 −8   0 1/ 2 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 −2 1  0 1   −2 1  1/ 2 −1/ 4 
218. If A is a square matrix such that A2 − A + I = 0, then the inverse of A is
(a) I − A (b) A − I (c) A (d) A + I
219. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix and B is its adjoint such that B = 64, then A =
(a) 64 (b) ± 64 (c) ± 8 (d) 18
ω 0 
220. If ω is a complex cube root of unity, and A =   , then A100 is equal to
0 ω
(a) A (b) − A (c) O (d) none of these
221. If A is a non-singular matrix of order 3 × 3, then adj ( adj A ) is equal to
2 −1
(a) A A (b) A A (c) A A (d) none of these
 0 0 −1
222. Let A =  0 −1 0  , The only correct statement about the matrix A is
 −1 0 0 
(a) A−1 does not exist (b) A = ( −1) I is a unit matrix (c) A is a zero matrix (d) A2 = I

223. If A =  aij  is a diagonal matrix, then trace of A is

(a) ∑ ∑a
i j
ij (b) ∑a
i
ij (c) ∑a
j
ij (d) ∑a
i
ii

224. If A =  aij  is a scalar matrix of order n × n such that aii = k for all i, then A =

(a) nk (b) n + k (c) n k (d) k n

 2 1   −3 2   1 0 
225. If   A =  , then the matrix A equals
 3 2   5 −3 0 1 
1 1  1 1 1 0  0 1
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
1 0  0 1 1 1  1 1
1 2 x  1 −2 y 
226. If A = 0 1 0  and B = 0 1 0  and AB = I 3 , then x + y equals
 
0 0 1  0 0 1 
(a) 0 (b) −1 (c) 2 (d) none of these
 2 2 0 −1
, then ( B −1 A−1 ) =
−1
227. If A =   , B= 
 −3 2  1 0 
 2 −2   3 −2  1  2 2 1  3 2
(a)   (b)   (c) (d)
2 3  2 2  10  −2 3  10  −2 2 
 2 0 −3
228. If A =  4 3 1  is expressed as the sum of a symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix, then the
 −5 7 2 
symmetric matrix is

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 2 2 −4  2 4 −5   4 4 −8 1 0 0 
(a)  2 3 4  (b)  0 3 7  (b)  4 6 8  (d) 0 1 0 
 −4 4 2   −3 1 2   −8 8 4  0 0 1 
229. From the matrix equation AB = AC we can conclude B = C provided that
(a) A is singular (b) A is non-singular (c) A is symmetric (d) A is square.
1 2 2   6 −2 −6 
230. If A =  2 3 0  and adj A =  −4 2 x  , then x + y =
 0 1 2   y −1 −1
(a) 6 (b) −1 (c) 3 (d) 1
4 0 0
231. If A is a square matrix such that A ( adjA) =  0 4 0  then adjA =
 0 0 4 
(a) 4 (b) 16 (c) 64 (d) 256
1 α α 2

232. If f ( a ) = α α 2 1 , then f ( 3 ) is equal to

3

α2 1 α
(a) −4 (b) −3 (c) −6 (d) −2
233. Let for any matrix M , M −1 exist. Which of the following is not true?

(b) ( M 2 ) = ( M −1 ) (c) ( M T ) = ( M −1 )
−1 −1 2 −1 T
(a) M −1 = M (d) None of these

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SOLUTION OF MATRICES ( )
Only one option is correct.
1. Ans. (c), The matrix A =  aij  has m rows and n columns.
m×n

Since there is only one row in a row matrix, so A =  aij  is row matrix only if m = 1 .
m×n

2. Ans. (a) The given matrix consists of only one element.

Because, there is only one row and one column in the given matrix i.e. is of order 1 × 1 .
k 0 0
3. Ans. (d), We have  aij  =  0 k 0  which is clearly of scalar matrix.
 
 0 0 k 
4. Ans. (b), Trace of the matrix = sum of all the elements lying along the principal diagonal
3
= ∑ aij = a11 + a22 + a33 = 2 + ( −5) + 8 = 5
i =1

5. Ans. (b), Equating the corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get,

m+3=0 …(i) 2 n + m = −7 …(ii)
p −1 = 3 …(iii) 4 q − 6 = 22 …(iv)
Solving these equations, we get, m = −3, n = −2, p = 4, q = 7

6. Ans. (a), Equation the corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get,

x+ y+z=9 …(i) x+ y=5 …(ii)
y+z =7 …(iii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get, z = 4 . Substituting z = 4 in (iii), we get, y = 3 .
Substituting y = 3 in (ii), we get, x = 2 . ∴ ( x, y , z ) = ( 2, 3, 4 ) .

 3 0 0
7. Ans. (b), Statement (a) is incorrect since 0 3 0 is a scalar matrix but not an identity matrix.
 
0 0 3
1 0 0
1 0  
Statement (b) is correct since each of the identity matrices  , 0 1 0 etc. is a scalar matrix.
0 1 0 0 
1

 −1 0 0 
Statement (c) is incorrect since the diagonal matrix  0 4 0 is not a scalar matrix.
 
 0 0 3

1 1 1
Statement (d) is incorrect since the matrix 1 1 1 is not an identity matrix.
 
1 1 1
8. Ans. (c), The addition of matrices is commutative i.e. A + B = B + A .

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1 0 0  1 0 0   1 0 0  1 0 0
9.    
Ans. (b), A = AA =  0 1 0   0 1 0  = 0
2  1 0  =  0 1 0 = I 3
   
 a b −1  a b −1  a − a b − b 1 0 0 1
Thus, A2 is a unit matrix or identity matrix.
1 0   0 1  0 + 0 0 + 0  0 0 
10. Ans. (b), AB =   = = =O
 2 0  1 12  0 + 0 0 + 0  0 0 
 0 0  1 0  0 + 0 0 + 0   0 0 
and BA =   = = ≠O
1 12   2 0 1 + 24 0 + 0   25 0 
( AB )
T
11. Ans. (c), By Reversal Law, we have, = BT . AT for all conformable matrices A and B .
This can be verified by using given values of matrices A and B .
( A − B) = ( A − B )( A − B ) = A ( A − B ) − B ( A − B ) = A2 − AB − BA + B 2
2
12. Ans. (d),
 cos θ sin θ  cos θ − sin θ 
13. Ans. (b), AA′ =  .
 − sin θ cos θ   sin θ cos θ 
 cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ − cos θ sin θ + cos θ sin θ  1 0 
=  = 0 1 = I .
 − sin θ cos θ + sin θ cos θ sin 2 θ + cos2 θ   
Ans. (c), We have, ( A + B ) = ( A + B )( A + B ) = A2 + AB + BA + B 2
2
14.

and ( A − B ) = ( A − B )( A − B ) = A2 − AB − BA + B 2 ⇒ ( A − B )( A + B ) = A2 + AB − BA − B 2
2

 3
7 1 2     4  21 + 4 + 10   8   35 8   43
15. Ans. (a),   4 +2  =  +  =  + =  
 
9 2 1   5  2  27 + 8 + 5   4   40  4   44 
 
 −5 4 0 
16. Ans. (a), AB = [1 2 3]  0 2 −1 = ( −5 + 0 + 3)( 4 + 4 − 9 )( 0 − 2 + 6 ) = [ −2 −1 4]
 
 1 −3 2 
 1 a   1 a   1 2a   1 2a   1 2a   1 4 a 
17. Ans. (d), A2 = A. A =     =  and A4 = A2 A2 =   = 
0 1  0 1  0 1  0 1  0 1   0 1 
18. Ans. (c), For a matrix A of order m × n to be conformable to a matrix B of order r × p, for
multiplication, the number of columns in A must be equal to the number of rows in B i.e. n = r .
19. Ans. (c), Equation the corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get,
x − y − z = 0, − y + z = 5, z = 3
Solving these equations, we get : x = 1, y = −2, z = 3 .
1
20. Ans. (b), We have, aij = 2i − 3 j
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
∴ a11 = 2 − 3 = , a12 = 2 − 6 = 2 , a21 = 4 − 3 = , a22 = 4 − 6 = 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 / 2 2 
and so A =  .
1 / 2 1 
21. Ans. (b) A2 = I − A ⇒ A3 = A. A2 = A ( I − A) = A − A2 = A − ( I − A) = 2 A − I
⇒ A4 = A. A3 = A. ( 2 A − I ) = 2 A2 − A = 2 ( I − A) − A = 2 I − 3 A

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⇒ A5 = A. A4 = A ( 2 I − 3 A) = 2 A − 3 A2 = 2 A − 3 ( I − A) = 5 A − 3I
⇒ A6 = A. A5 = A ( 5 A − 3I ) = 5 A2 − 3 A = 5 ( I − A) − 3 A = 5I − 8 A ∴n = 6.
 −1 0   −1 0   1 0   1 0   −1 0   −1 0 
22. Ans. (d), A2 = A. A =   =
   and A3
= A2
. A = 0 4  0 2  =  0 8
 0 2   0 2 0 4      
 −1 0  1 0   −2 0   −1 0 
∴ A3 − A2 =   −  =  = 2  = 2A
 0 8  0 4  0 4   0 2
 3  2
23. Ans. (b), UV = [ 2 −3 4]  2 = [ 6 − 6 + 4] = [ 4] and XY = [ 0 2 3]  2 = [ 0 + 4 + 12] = [16]
 
1   4
∴ UV + XY = [4] + [16] = [20]

 0 −1 2
24. Ans. (b), A =  1 0 3
 
 −2 −3 0
 0 1 −2   0 1 −2   0 2 −4 
∴ AT =  −1 0 −3 ⇒ 2 AT = 2  −1 0 −3 =  −2 0 −6 
 
 2 3 0   2 3 0   4 6 0 

 0 −1 2   0 2 −4   0 1 −2
And so, A + 2 A =  1 0 3  +  −2 0 −6  =  −1 0 −3 = AT
T

 −2 −3 0   4 6 0   2 3 0 
1 k 
25. Ans. (b), A =  
0 1 
 1 k   1 k   1 2k  1 2k  1 k  1 3k 
∴ A2 = A. A =     =  , A3 = A2 . A =   = 
0 1  0 1  0 1  0 1  0 1  0 1 
1 nk 
An =  
0 1 
1 0 0 
26. Ans. (d), We have, A =  0 1 0 
 
 a b −1
1 0 0  1 0 0   1 0 0  1 0 0 
  
∴ A = A. A = 0 1 0 0 1 0 = 0
2   1 0 = 0 1 0  = I
    
 a b −1  a b −1  a − a b − b 1 0 0 1 
∴ A2 = A4 = A6 = A8 = ...... = I Now, A2 + 2 A4 + 4 A6 = I + 2 I + 4 I = 7 I = 7 A8 .
3 3 3 1 1 1
27. Ans. (d), A = 3 3 3 = 3 1 1 1
   
3 3 3 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1
∴ A = A. A = 3 1 1 1 × 3 1 1 1 = 9 3 3 3 = 27  1 1 1 
2      
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3  1 1 1 

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and so, A4 = A2 . A2 = 9 A.9 A = 81. ( 9 A) = 729 A

 1 2
a 2 3    a + 6 − 3 2a + 8 + 3   a + 3 2a + 11
28. Ans. (b),   × 3 4 =  = 
 b 5 −1  −1 1  b + 15 + 1 2b + 20 − 1 b + 16 2b + 19 
 
 a + 3 2a + 11  4 13
∴  = 
b + 16 2b + 19  12 11
Equating the corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get,
a + 3 = 4, b + 16 = 12 ⇒ a = 1, b = −4 ∴ ( a, b ) = (1, − 4 ) .
2 0 0 1 0 0 
Ans. (c), A =  0 2 0  = 2 0 1 0  = 2 I ∴ A5 = ( 2 I ) = 25. I 5 = 25. I
5
29. ∵ I n = I ∀ n ∈ N 
 0 0 2  0 0 1 

1 0 0  2 0 0 
= 2  0 1 0  = 2  0 2 0  = 24. A = 16 A
5  4 

 0 0 1   0 0 2 

 i 0 −i   −i i   −i + 0 − i i 2 + 0 + i 2   2 −2 
2 2

 
30. Ans. (c), PQ =  0 −i i   0 0  =  0 + 0 + i 2 0 + 0 − i 2  =  −1 1 
 −i i 0   i −i   i 2 + 0 + 0 −i 2 + 0 + 0   −1 1 
      
31. Ans. (b), A is of the order 3 × 4 ⇒ A′ is of order 4 × 3
Let B be or order a × b .
Then A′B , is defined if a = 3 and BA′ is defined if b = 4 . ∴ B is of the order 3 × 4 .
1 0 0 0
32. Ans. (c), Let A =   and B =   , then A ≠ O and B ≠ O but
0 0 0 1
1 0  0 0   0 0
AB =    = =O
0 0 0 1  0 0
Thus, if A and B are two matrices such that AB = O, then it is not necessary that A = O or B = O
1 2   3 8   3 8  1 2   2 6 
33. Ans. (c), 2 X +   =  ⇒ 2X =  − = 
 3 4  7 2   7 2   3 4   4 −2 
1  2 6  1 3 
⇒ X = =
2  4 −2   2 −1
 a b   a b   a 2 + b2 2ab  α β  a 2 + b2 2ab 
Ans. (d), A = A. A =   = ∴ =
2
34. 2

 b a   b a   2ab a +b 
2
β α   2ab a + b2 
 2

Equating corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get α = a 2 + b2 and β = 2ab

 0 2   0 2k   0 3a 
35. Ans. (b), kA = k   =  But kA =   (Given)
 3 −2  3k −4k   2b 24 
Equating the corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get: 2k = 3a, 3k = 2b, − 4k = 24
Solving these equations, we get : k = −6, a = −4, b = −9
0 a  0 a   0 a   ab 0 
36. Ans. (b), Let A =   , Then, A2 = A. A =   b 0  =  0 ab 
 b 0   b 0    

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 ab 0   ab 0   a 2b2 0 
∴ A4 = A2 . A2 =    = 
a 2b 2 
 0 ab   0 ab   0
4
0 a  1 0  a 2b 2 0  1 0
= ⇒ = ⇒ =
4
Now,  I A 

b 0 
0 1
   0 a b   0 1
2 2

Equating corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get : a 2b2 = 1 ⇒ ab = 1

 i 0  i 0   i 0 i 2 0   −1 0 
37. Ans. (d), A =   ⇒ A2 = A. A =    = 2
= 
0 i  0 i  0 i   0 i   0 −1
 −1 0   −1 0   1 0 
( )
n
And so, A4 = A2 . A2 =    = =I ∴ A4 n = A4 = In = I ∀n∈ N
 0 −1  0 −1 0 1 
1 2 3   −1 −2  −5 −14  20 25 16 
     −4 5 −6    −4 −5 −6 
38. Ans. (d), P =  2 3 4   −2 0    = −8 −20  
 = 32 40 28
0 0 1   0 0 1
 3 4 5   0 −4   −11 −26   44 55 40
∴ P22 = 40 [Note: P22 is the element of matrix P in second raw and second column]
 cos θ sin θ   sin θ − cos θ 
39. Ans. (d), cos θ   + sin θ 
 − sin θ cos θ  cos θ sin θ 
 cos2 θ cos θ sin θ   sin 2 θ − sin θ cos θ 
= + 
 − cos θ sin θ cos2 θ  sin θ cos θ sin 2 θ 
 sin 2 θ + cos2 θ cos θ sin θ − sin θ cos θ  1 0 
=  = 0 1
 − cos θ sin θ + sin θ cos θ cos2 θ + sin 2 θ   
 cos α sin α   cos α sin α 
40. Ans. (c), A2 = A. A = 
 − sin α cos α   − sin α cos α 
cos2 α − sin 2 α 2sin α cos α   cos 2α sin 2α 
=  =
 −2sin α cos α − sin 2 α + cos2 α   − sin 2α cos 2α 
 1 −2   −1 4   0 1
41. Ans. (b), 5 A − 3B + 2C = 5   − 3  + 2 
3 0   2 3  −1 0 
 5 −10   3 −12   0 2   5 + 3 + 0 −10 − 12 + 2  8 −20
= + + = =
15 0   −6 −9   −2 0  15 − 6 − 2 0 − 9 + 0  7 −9 
 i −i 
42. Ans. (d), A =  ,
 −i i 
 i −i   i −i  −1 + ( −1) 1 + 1   −2 2 
∴ A2 = A. A =     =  =
 −i i   − i i   1 + 1 −1 + ( −1)  2 −2 

 −2 2   −2 2   8 −8
A4 = A2 A2 =    = 
 2 −2   2 −2   −8 8 
 8 8  8 −8  128 −128  1 −1
A8 = A4 A4 =     =  = 128   = 128 B
 −8 8  −8 8   −128 128   −1 1 
Ans. (c), ( A + B ) = ( A + B )( A + B ) = A2 + AB + BA + B 2
2
43.
= A2 + A ( − A−1BA) + BA + B 2 ∵ B = − A−1BA

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= A2 − ( AA−1 ) ( BA ) + BA + B 2 [By Associative Law]

= A2 − BA + BA + B 2 = A2 + B 2 ∵ AA−1 = I 

= A2 − BA + BA + B 2 = A2 + B 2
44. Ans. (d), Order of A = 4 × 3 ⇒ Order of A′ = 3 × 4
Now, order of A′ = 3 × 4 and order of B = 4 × 5

⇒ Order of ( A′ × B ) = 3 × 5 ⇒ Order of ( A′ × B )′ = 5 × 3

Also, order of C = 7 × 3 ⇒ Order of C ′ = 3 × 7 ⇒ Order of ( A′ × B )′ × C ′ = 5 × 7

45. Ans. (b), We have : 3 X + 2Y = I … (i), 2X −Y = O … (ii)
From (ii) we get: Y = 2 X [∵ A − B = O ⇒ A = B + O ⇒ A = B ]
1 2
Substituting Y = 2 X in (i) we get: 3 X + 2 ( 2 X ) = I ⇒ 7 X = 1 ⇒ X = I ∴Y = 2X = I
7 7
 1 2 3    5 −2 0   −3 2 0  
 
46. Ans. (c), AB + AC = A ( B + C ) =  4 5 6    −1 3 −4  +  1 −1 4  
     
 
7 8 9    6 −3 1   −6 3 1  
 1 2 3  2 0 0   2 4 6   1 2 3
= 4 5 6 0 2 0 = 8 10 12 = 2  4 5 6 = 2 A
     
      
7 8 9   0 0 2  14 16 18  7 8 9
( AB )
T
47. Ans. (c), = BT AT [By Reversal Law of Transpose of Matrices]
Now, if A and B are both skew-symmetric then At = − A and B T = − B and so in that case
( AB ) = B t At = ( − B )( − A ) = BA
t

Hence, ( AB ) = BA if A and B are skew-symmetric

T

48. Ans. (c), We have : X + Y = I ….. (i) 2 X − 2Y = I …. (ii)

Multiplying (i) and 2 and adding to (ii), we get: 4 X = 3I
 1 0 0  3 / 4 0 0 
∴ X = I =  0 1 0  =  0 3 / 4
3
0 
3
4 4  
0 0 1  0 0 3 / 4 
1 + ω 2ω   a −ω   0 ω  1 + ω + a ω   0 ω
49. Ans. (b),   +  =  ⇒  =
 −2ω −b  3ω 2  ω 1   ω 2 − b  ω 1 
Equating corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get: 1 + ω + a = 0 and 2 − b = 1
⇒ a = − (1 + ω ) , b = 1

∴ a 2 + b 2 = (1 + ω ) + 1 = 1 + 2ω + ω 2 + 1 = (1 + ω + ω 2 ) + (1 + ω ) = 1 + ω
2
∵1 + ω + ω 2 = 0

 i 0   i 0  i 2 0   −1 0 
Ans. (a), A = A. A =   = =  = −I
2
50.  2
0 −i   0 −i   0 i   0 −1
 0 −1  −1 0   0 i   0 i  i 2 0   −1 0 
B 2 = B. B =  = = − = =  i 0  i 0 =  0 = = −I
2
I , C C .C
 
1 0   0 −1

    i 2   0 −1
∴ A2 = B 2 = C 2 = − I

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 1 2   1 2   −3 2 
51. Ans. (c), A2 = A. A =   = ≠A
 −3 0   −3 0   −3 −6 
 −1 0   −1 0   1 0 
B 2 = B. B    =  ≠ B;
 2 3   2 3  4 9 
 1 2   −1 0   3 6   −1 0   1 2   −1 −2 
AB =     =  and BA =   =  ∴ AB ≠ BA
 − 3 0   2 3  3 0   2 3  − 3 0   − 7 4 
 0 −1 0 −1  −1 0   −1 0   −1 0  1 0 
52. Ans. (a), A2 = A. A =     =  ; A4 = A2 . A2 =    0 −1 = 0 1  ;
 1 0  1 0   0 − 1  0 − 1   
1 0  1 0 1 0  1 0  1 0 1 0 
A8 = A4 . A4 =     =  ; A16 = A8 . A8 =   = ;
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1  0 1 0 1 
 −1 3 5   −1 3 5 
53. Ans. (c), M = M .M =  1 −3 −5   1 −3 −5 
2

 −1 3 5   −1 3 5 
  
 1 + 3 − 5 −3 − 9 + 15 −5 − 15 + 25   −1 3 5 
 
=  −1 − 3 + 5 3 + 9 − 15 5 + 15 − 25  =  1 −3 −5  = M
 1 + 3 − 5 −3 − 9 + 15 −5 − 15 + 25   −1 3 5 
   
 1 1 1  1 1 1  1 1 1   3 3 3 
54. Ans. (c), M =  1 1 1 ∴ M 2 = M .M =  1 1 1  1 1 1 =  3 3 3  = 3M ;
 1 1 1  1 1 1  1 1 1   3 3 3 
      
M 3 = M 2 .M = 3M .M = 3M 2 = 3 ( 3M ) = 32 M ;
M 4 = M 2 .M 2 = ( 3M ) . ( 3M ) = 32 M 2 = 32 ( 3M ) = 33 M ; M 50 = 349 M

α 0 α 0 1 0  α 2 0 1 0
55. Ans. (d), P 2 = Q ⇒  = ⇒  = 
1 1   1 1   5 1  α + 1 1   5 1 
Equating the corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get; α 2 = 1 and α + 1 = 5
There is no value of α which satisfies both the above equations.
 cos α1 sin α1   cos α 2 sin α 2 
56. Ans. (b), A (α1 ) A (α 2 ) =  
 − sin α1 cos α1   − sin α 2 cos α 2 

 cos α1 cos α 2 − sin α1 sin α 2 cos α1 sin α 2 + sin α1 cos α 2 

=
 − sin α1 cos α 2 − cos α1 sin α 2 − sin α1 sin α 2 + cos α1 cos α 2 
 cos (α1 + α 2 ) sin (α1 + α 2 ) 
=  = A (α1 + α 2 )
 − sin (α1 + α 2 ) cos (α1 + α 2 ) 
 2 3  2 3  2 3  1 12 
57. Ans. (b), A =   , A2 = A. A =   = 
 −1 2   −1 2   −1 2   −4 1 
 1 12   2 3  −10 27 
∴ A3 = A2 . A =    −1 2  =  −9 −10 and so, A + 3 A − 4 A + I
3 2

 −4 1    
 −10 27   1 12   2 3 1 0
=  + 3  −4 + 
 −9 −10  −4 1   −1 2   0 1 

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 −10 27   3 36   −8 −12  1 0  −14 51 
= + + +  = 
 −9 −10  −12 3   4 −8  0 1   −17 −14 
1 2 3   x  x
58. Ans. (d), [1 x 1] 0 5 1   1  = O ⇒ [1 5 + 5 x 5 + x ]  1 =O
    
0 3 2   −2   −2 
⇒  x + ( 5 + 5 x ) − 2 ( 5 + x )  = [ 0] ⇒ [4 x − 5] = [0]
5
Equating the corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get 4 x − 5 = 0 ⇒ x =
4
1 −3  1 −3  1 −3 1 0 1 −3
59. Ans. (c), A2 − 4 A + 10 I = A ⇒     −4  + 10   = 
2 k  2 k  2 k  0 1  2 k 
 −5 −3 − 3k   4 −12  10 0  1 −3
⇒  − + =
 2 + 2k −6 + k 2  8 4k   0 10   2 k 
 1 9 − 3k   1 −3
⇒   =  2 k  ⇒ 9 − 3k = −3 , k − 4k + 4 = k and 2k − 6 = 2
2

 2 k − 6 k 2
− 4 k + 4   
[Equating corresponding elements of equal metrical]
⇒ k = 4 and k 2 − 5k + 4 = 0 ⇒ k = 4 and ( k − 1)( k − 4 ) = 0
⇒ k = 4 and ( k = 1 or k = 4 ) ⇒ n k = 4 and not k = 1
ω 0 
60. Ans. (c), H =  
 0 ω
ω 0  ω 0  ω 2 0  ω 2 0  ω 0  ω 3 0 
∴ H 2 = H .H =   =
  2
; H 3
= H 2
. H =  2  =  0 ω3  ;
 0 ω  0 ω  0 ω   0 ω   0 ω   
ω 70 0  ω ( ) 0  ω 0 
3 23 +1

H 70
= =  = = H ∵ ω 3( 23)+1 = (ω 3 )23 .ω = 123.ω = ω 
70   
 0 ω   0 ω 3( 23)+1   0 ω   

1 2 21 2 2 9 8 8
61. Ans. (c), A = A. A =  2 1 2   2 1 2  =  8 9 8 
2

2 2 1 2 2 1 8 8 9
    
 9 8 8   1 2 2   41 42 42 
A3 = A2 . A =  8 9 8   2 1 2  =  42 41 42  and so, A3 − 4 A2 − 6 A
 8 8 9   2 2 1   42 42 41 
    
 41 42 42  9 8 8 1 2 2
=  42 41 42  − 4  8 9 8  − 6  2 1 2 
 
 42 42 41  8 8 9 2 2 1
     
 41 42 42   36 32 32   6 12 12   −1 −2 −2  1 2 2
     
=  42 41 42  −  32 36 32  −  12 6 12  =  −2 −1 −2  = −  2 1 2  = − A
 
 42 42 41   32 32 36   12 12 6   −2 −2 −1   
        2 2 1
62. Ans. (a), f ( t ) = t 2 − 3t + 7 ⇒ f ( A ) = A2 − 3 A + 7 I
 1 −2   1 −2   1 −2  1 0  −7 −12   3 −6  7 0   −3 −6
=    − 3  + 7  = − +  = 
4 5  4 5  4 5  0 1   24 17  12 15   0 7  12 9 

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 3 6   −3 −6   3 6  0 0
∴ f ( A) +   =  +  = 
 −12 −9  12 9   −12 −9  0 0 
Ans. (d), ( A + B ) = A2 + B 2 ⇒ ( A + B )( A + B ) = A2 + B 2
2
63.
⇒ A2 + AB + BA + B 2 = A2 + B 2 ⇒ AB + BA = O
1 −1 1 a  1 a   1 −1  0 0   −3 a − b   1 + 2 a −1 − a   0 0 
⇒   +  =  ⇒ + = 
 2 −1  4 b   4 b   2 −1  0 0   −2 2a − b   4 + 2b −4 − b  0 0 
 2a − 2 −b − 1  0 0
⇒  = 
 2b + 2 2 a − 2b − 4   0 0 
Equating corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get : 2a − 2 = 0, − b − 1 = 0 ⇒ a = 1, b = −1 ,
64. Ans. (d), Let P = [5 6 2] Then, P is 1 × 3 matrix.
Let AT = [ 4 8 1 7 8] Then, AT is 1 × 5 matrix. Now, as PT AT = QT (given).

⇒ ( AP ) = QT
T
⇒ AP = Q .
Then, as P is 1× 3 supposing QT as n × m and given AT is 1 × 5 ⇒ n = 3 and m = 5
∴ Q is m × n matrix ⇒ Q is 5 × 3 matrix
 1 0 0  1 0 0  1 0 0 
65. Ans. (c), A = 0 1 0 0 1 0 = 0 1 0
2
    
0 0 1  0 0 1 0 0 1
1 0 0  1 0 0  1 0 0   2 0 0   3 0 0  1 0 0
∴ A + 2 A = 0 1 0 + 2 0 1 0 = 0 1 0 + 0 2 0 = 0 3 0 = 3 0 1 0 = 3 A
2          
           
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1  0 0 2  0 0 3 0 0 1
1 1 1 1  2 2  1 1
66. Ans. (b), We have: A2 = A. A =   =
   = 2 1 1
1 1 1 1  2 2   
1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1
A3 = A2 . A = 2     = 2  = 22  
1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1
1 1 1 1  2 2  3 1 1 1 1
A4 = A3. A = 2 2     = 22   2   , An = 2 n −1  n −1
=2 A
1 1 1 1  2 2  1 1 1 1
Hence, A100 = 299 A
1 2
67. Ans. (d), A =  
 2 3
 1 2   1 2  5 8  1 2  k 2k 
∴ A2 = A. A =     =  and kA = k  = ,
 2 3  2 3 8 13  2 3  2 k 3k 
Now, A2 − kA − I 2 = O
 5 8   k 2k   1 0   0 0   4 − k 8 − 2k   0 0 
⇒   −  −  =  ⇒   = 0 0
8 13  2 k 3k   0 1   0 0  8 − 2 k 12 − 3k   
⇒ 4 − k = 0 ⇒ k = 4 [equating the corresponding elements]
5 0 3 5 0 3  10 0 6 
68. Ans. (b), A + 2 B =   ⇒ 2 ( A + 2B ) = 2  =  …(i)
1 6 2  1 6 2   2 12 4 

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 2 −1 4 
Also, 2 A + 3B =   …(ii)
 3 2 5
10 0 6   2 −1 4 
Subtracting (ii) from (i) we get: ( 2 A + 4 B ) − ( 2 A + 3B ) =  − 
 2 12 4   3 2 5 
8 1 2
⇒ B= 
 −1 10 −1
69. Ans. (a), m [ −3 4] + n [4 −3] = [10 −11]
⇒ [ −3m 4m ] + [4n −3n ] = [10 −11] ⇒ [ −3m + 4n 4m − 3n ] = [10 −11]
Equating the corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get:
−3m + 4n = 10 …. (i) 4m − 3n = −11 …. (ii)
Multiplying (i) by 4 and (ii) by 3 and adding we get: 7n = 7 ⇒ n = 1
Substituting n = 1 in (i), we get: m = −2 . ∴ 3m + 7n = 3 ( −2 ) + 7 (1) = 1
 1 ω ω2   ω ω2 1 
   
70. Ans. (a), A + B =  ω ω 2 1  + ω 2 1 ω 
ω 2 1 ω   ω ω 2 1 
   
 1 + ω ω + ω 2 1 + ω 2   −ω 2 −1 −ω 
   
= ω + ω 2 1 + ω 2 1 + ω  =  −1 −ω −ω 2  [Using 1 + ω + ω 2 = 0 ]
ω + ω 2 1 + ω 2 1 + ω   −1 −ω −ω 2 
  
 −ω 2 −1 −ω   1   −ω 2 − ω − ω 3 
   
∴ Given = AC + BC ( A + B ) C =  −1 −ω −ω 2   ω  =  −1 − ω 2 − ω 4 
 
 −1 −ω −ω 2  ω 2   −1 − ω 2 − ω 4 

 − (ω 2 + ω + 1) 
  0
=  − (1 + ω + ω )  = 0
2
∵ ω 3 = 1, ω 4 = ω 3 .ω = ω  [Using 1 + ω + ω 2 = 0 ]
   
 − (1 + ω + ω )  0
2
 
 1 0 0   −1 0 0 
71. Ans. (d), A is not a zero matrix So, (b) is incorrect ( −1) I = ( −1)  0 1 0  =  0 −1 0  ≠ A
 0 0 1   0 0 −1
   
0 0 −1
∴ (c) is incorrect, A = 0 −1 0 = 1 ≠ 0. so, A−1 exits
−1 0 0

 0 0 −1  1 0 0 
∴ (d) is correct A = A. A =  0 −1 0  =  0 1 0  = I
2
∴ (d) is correct
 −1 0 0   0 0 1 
   
1 2 2  1 2 a  1 0 0
72. Ans. (a), AA = 9 I 3
T
⇒ 2 1 −2 2 1 2 = 9 0 1 0
   
    
 a 2 b   2 −2 b  0 0 1 

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 9 0 a + 4 + 2b  9 0 0
⇒  0 9 2 a + 2 − 2b  =  0 9 0 
   
 a + 4 + 2b 2a + 2 − 2b a 2 + 4 + b2  0 0 9 
Equating the corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get
a + 4 + 2b = 0 …. (i) 2 a + 2 − 2b = 0 …. (ii) a 2 + 4 + b2 = 9 ….. (iii)
Solving these equations, we get: a = −2, b = −1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1
73. Ans. (b), A = 1 1 1 , A = A. A = 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 3 3 3 = 3 1 1 1
  2      
        
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
A3 = A2 . A = 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 3n −1 1 1 1
    
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 cos x sin x   cos x sin x   cos x sin x 
74. Ans. (b), A =   ⇒ A2 = A. A =   
 − sin x cos x   − sin x cos x   − sin x cos x 
cos2 x − sin 2 x 2sin x cos x   cos 2 x sin 2 x 
= 2 
= 
 −2sin x cos x cos x − sin x   − sin 2 x cos 2 x 
2

 cos 2 x sin 2 x   cos x sin x 

⇒ A3 = A2 . A =   
 − sin 2 x cos 2 x   − sin x cos x 
 cos 2 x cos x − sin 2 x sin x cos 2 x sin x + sin 2 x cos x   cos 3 x sin 3 x 
=  = 
 − sin 2 x cos x − cos 2 x sin x − sin 2 x sin x + cos 2 x cos x   − sin 3x cos 3 x 
 cos nπ sin nπ 
Proceeding in a similar manner, we get: An =  ∀ n∈ N
 − sin nπ cos nπ 

Ans. (c), A + AT a symmetric matrix, since ( A + AT ) = AT + ( AT )

T T
75. = AT + A

∵ If A is a square matrix, then ( AT )T = A

 
= A + AT
Ans. (b), ( A + B ) = AT + B T [By prop. Of Transpose of a matrix]
T
76.
= ( − A) + ( − B ) ∵ A and B are skew-symmetric and so AT = − A, B T = − B 

= −( A + B) , ∴ ( A + B ) is skew-symmetric
77. Ans. (b), By definition of a symmetric matrix, if in a matrix A =  aij  , , we have: aij = aijVi, j then the
matrix A is a symmetric matrix
78. Ans. (a), Matrix A is symmetric ⇒ AT = A ⇒ A = AT …. (i)
Matrix A is skew-symmetric ⇒ AT = − A ⇒ A = − AT …. (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get: 2 A = A − A = O ⇒ A = O i.e. A is a null matrix
t T

T
 1 ω ω2   1 ω ω2   1 ω ω2 
     
79. Ans. (c), Let A =  ω ω 2 1  Then, At =  ω ω 2 1  =  ω ω 2 1  = A
ω 2 1 ω  ω 2 1 ω  ω 2 1 ω 
     
Hence, A is a symmetric matrix

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80. Ans. (b), A =  aij  is a skew-symmetric matrix ⇒ aij = − aij ∀ i, j

In particular , aij = −aij for i = j
i.e. aii = − aii ∀ i = 1, 2, 3,...., n i.e. 2aii = 0 ∀ i = 1, 2, 3,..., n i.e. aii = 0 ∀ i = 1, 2, 3,......, n .
81. Ans. (a), If A is expressed as the sum of a symmetric matrix B and a skew-symmetric matric C ,
then we have
  6 8 5  6 4 9   12 12 14   6 6 7
 
B = ( A + AT ) =   4 2 3 + 8 2 7   = 12 4 10 =  6 2 5
1 1 1
2        
2
 9 7 1   5 3 1   2 14 10 2  7 5 1
         
x y z  x −2 3
82. Ans. (a), Let A =  −2 0 −1 . Then, AT =  y 0 1  A is skew-symmetric
   
 3 1 0   z −1 0

 x −2 3  x y z  − x − y − z 
⇒ A = − A ⇒ y 0 1 = −  −2 0 −1 =  2
t   0 1
     
 z −1 0  3 1 0   −3 −1 0 
Equating the corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get
x = − x, − 2 = − y , 3 = − z ⇒ 2 x = 0, y = 2, z = −3 ⇒ x = 0, y = 2, z = −3
∴ ( x, y , z ) = ( 0, 2, − 3)

( A ) = ( AAA...n times ) = A . A . A ....n times [By Reversal Law of Transpose]

t t t t t
n
83. Ans. (b),

= A. A. A...n times = A ⇒ ( A ) = A n n t
[∵ A = A (since A is symmetric)]
n T

Hence An is symmetric matrix.

84. Ans. (a), A is a symmetric matrix ⇒ AT = A
T
 1 x + 3  1 x + 3  1 2 x + 1  1 x + 3
⇒   =  2 x + 1 x − 1 ⇒ =
 x + 3 x − 1   2 x + 1 x − 1
 2 x + 1 x − 1      
Comparing the corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get: 2 x + 1 = x + 3 ⇒ x = 2

( ) ( )
T T
85. Ans. (a), We have : BT AB = BT AT BT = BT AT B …(i)

Clearly, ( B T AB ) is symmetric if and only if A is symmetric

Also, ( B T AB ) ≠ − ( B T AB ) if B is skew symmetric [using B ]

T

i.e. B T AB cannot be skew-symmetric for every matrix A of if B is skew-symmetric

Ans. (d), ( A + B ) = AT + B T = A + B
T
86. ∵ AT = A, B T = B 

( A + B) is symmetric matrix ( AB − BA ) = ( AB ) − ( BA ) = BT AT − AT BT
T T T
∴ [Reversal Law]
= BA − AB = − ( AB − BA) ∵ AT = A, B T = B 
∴ ( AB − BA) is a skew-symmetric matrix

( AB + BA) = ( AB ) + ( BA ) = B T AT + AT B T
T T T
[Reversal Law]
= BA + AB = ( AB + BA) ∵ AT = A, B T = B 

∴ ( AB + BA) is a symmetric matrix

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87. Ans. (b), If A is a square matrix, then

1
2
1
2 { 1
2 }
( A − A′) = A′ − ( A′)′ = ( A′ − A) = −  ( A − A′) 
1
2 
2 λ −4
88. Ans. (a), If −1 3 4 = 0 then the given matrix will be called singular
1 −2 −3
0 λ+4 2
∴ 0 1 1 =0 [ Using R1 → R1 − 2 R3 and R2 → R2 + R3 ]
1 −2 −3
⇒ λ +4−2 = 0 ⇒ λ+2=0 ⇒ λ = −2
∴ If λ = −2 then the matrix will be singular. Hence, for λ ≠ −2 the matrix will be non-singular
 1 −3 −4
89. Ans. (a), A  −1 3 4 
 
 1 −3 −4
 1 −3 −4   1 −3 −4   1 + 3 − 4 −3 − 9 + 12 −4 − 12 + 16 0 0 0
∴ A = A. A =  −1 3 4   −1 3 4  =  −1 − 3 + 4 3 + 9 − 12
2
4 + 12 − 16  = 0 0 0
      
 1 −3 −4   1 −3 −4   1 + 3 − 4 −3 − 9 + 12 −4 − 12 + 16 0 0 0
= 0 I.e. A2 = O
∴ A is a nilpotent matrix of order 2.
 0 2b c  0 a a
90. Ans. (c), Let A =  a b −c  Then, AT =  2b b −b Then, A is orthogonal ⇒ AAT = I 3
   
 a −b c   c −c c 

 0 2b c   0 a a  1 0 0
⇒  a b −c   2b b −b  = 0 1 0
    
 a −b c   c −c c  0 0 1 
 4b 2 + c 2 2b 2 − c 2 − 2b 2 + c 2   1 0 0 
 
⇒  2b 2 − c 2 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a 2 − b 2 − c 2  =  0 1 0 
 
 −2b 2 + c 2 a 2 − b 2 − c 2 a 2 + b 2 + c 2  0 0 1
 
Equating the corresponding elements of equal matrices:
4b2 + c 2 = 1, 2b 2 − c 2 = 0, −2b 2 + c 2 = 0, a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1, a 2 − b 2 − c 2 = 0
1 1 1  1 1 1 
Solving these equations, we get: b 2 = , c 2 = , a 2 = ⇒ ( a , b, c ) =  ± ,± ,± 
6 3 2  2 6 3
 i 1 − 2i   −i 1 + 2i 
91. Ans. (d), A =   We have: A = 
 −1 − 2i 0   −1 + 2i 0 
T
 −i 1 + 2i   −i − 1 + 2i 
∴ A = ( A)
θ T
=  =
 −1 + 2i 0  1 + 2i 0 
 −i − 1 + 2i 
Also, − A =   . Clearly, Aθ = − A and so A is a skew-Hermitian matrix
1 + 2i 0 
 x −i   2i y   x + 2i y − i
92. Ans. (a), We have: A + B =  + =
 3 −3i   −i 0   3 − i −3i 

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θ
Now, ( A + B ) is skew-Hermitan ⇒ ( A + B) = − ( A + B)

( x + 2i ) ( 3 − i )   x + 2i y − i
[Note : Aθ = ( A ) ]
T
⇒   = −
−3i 
 ( y − i ) ( −3i )   3 − i
 x − 2i 3 + i   − x − 2i − y + i 
⇒  =
 y +i 3i   −3 + i 3i 
Equating the corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get: x − 2i = − x − 2i , 3 + i = − y + i
⇒ 2 x = 0, − y = 3 ⇒ x = 0, y = −3 ⇒ ( x, y ) = ( 0, − 3)
3 5 1 17
93. Ans. (b), AB = A B = = ( 0 − 10 )( −10 − 0 ) = ( −10 ) × ( −10 ) = 100
2 0 0 −10
94. Ans. (a), det ( B −1 AB ) = B −1 AB = B −1 A B ∵ XY = X Y 

1  1 
= . A B = A = det ( A) −1
∵ B = 
B  B 
95. Ans. (a), We have: A × adj ( A) = A . I n …(i)
Now, A × adj ( A) = O ⇒ A . I n = O [Using (i)]
⇒ A =O
1 3
96. Ans. (b) A = The co-factors of various elements of A are:
3 10
T
10 −3 10 −3
C11 = 10, C12 = −3, C21 = −3, C22 = 1 ∴ AdjA =   =  −3 1 
 −3 1   
97. Ans. (a), We have: A ( adjA) = A . I n …(i)
∴ If A is a singular matrix i.e. if A = 0, then we have:
A ( adjA) = O. I n i.e. ( adjA) will be a null matrix
n −1
98. Ans. (b), We know that: adjA = A Where A is a square matrix of order n
1 −1 −1
Now, A = 1 2 0 = 3− 2 =1
1 3 0

= (1) = 1
3−1 2
∴ adjA = A [∵ Here n = 3 ]
cos α sin α
99. Ans. (b), We have: A = = cos 2 α + sin 2 α = 1
− sin α cos α
 1 0 1 0  k 0  1 0 
Now, A.adjA = A I = 1  =
   ⇒  0 k  = 0 1  ⇒ k = 1
 0 1 0 1    
α β
100. Ans. (c), A = The co-factors of various elements of A are:
γ δ
δ −γ   δ −β 
C11 = δ , C12 = −γ , C21 = − β , C22 = α , ∴ adjA =  =
− β α   −γ α 

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101. Ans. (d), We know that : A ( adjA) = A . I n where A is a square matrix of order n.
1 −2 2
Here A = 0 2 −3 = 1. (8 − 6 ) − ( −2 )( 0 + 9 ) + 2. ( 0 − 6 ) = 8
3 −2 4
1 0 0 8 0 0
∴ A ( adjA) = A I 3 = 8 0 1 0 = 0 8 0
   
0 0 1 0 0 8
102. Ans. (b) We know that: A ( adjA) = A I
10 0  1 0 1 0  1 0
⇒   = A   ⇒ 10   = A   ⇒ A = 10
 0 10  0 1 0 1  0 1
−2 6
103. Ans. (a), A = The co-factors of the elements of A are:
−5 7
T
7 5  7 −6 
C11 = 7, C12 = − ( −5) = 5, C21 = −6, C22 = −2 , ∴ AdjA =   = 
 −6 −2   5 −2 
−2 3
104. Ans. (b), Minor of ( −4 ) = M 21 = = −18 − 24 = −42
8 9
−1 −2
= −5 − 8 = −3 . Co-factor of ( −4 ) = C21 = ( −1)
2 +1
Minor of 9 = M 33 = .M 21 = − ( −42 ) = 42
−4 −5
3+ 3
Co-factor of 9 = C33 = ( −1) .M 33 = −3
 1 0   10 0 
105. Ans. (a), A ( adj A) = A I 2 , A = 10 . Now, A ( adj A ) = 10  = 
 0 1   0 10 
− x − y  −x − y
106. Ans. (c), X =   and so, X =
 z t  z t
∴ The co-factors of various elements of X are:
T
 t −z 
T
  t − z T   t −z
And so, adjX =  ⇒ ( adjX ) =  
T
 = ∵ ( AT )T = A
    
 y − x   y − x    y −x
−1 −2 −2
107. Ans. (d), We have : A = 2 1 −2 . The co-factors of various elements of A are :
2 −2 1
1 −2 2 −2 2 1
C11 = = −3, C12 = − = −6, C13 = = −6,
−2 1 2 1 2 −2
−2 −2 −1 −2 −1 −2
C21 = − = 6, C22 = = 3, C23 = − = −6,
−2 1 2 1 2 −2
−2 −2 −1 −2 −1 −2
C31 = = 6, C32 = − = 6, C33 = =3
1 −2 2 −2 2 1

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T T
 −3 −6 −6   −1 −2 −2   −1 2 2 
∴ adj A =  6 3 −6  = 3  2 1 −2  =  −2 1 −2  = 3 AT
   
 6 6 3   2 −2 1   −2 −2 1 

1 0 2 1 0 2
108. Ans. (d), Let A =  −1 1 −2 . Then, A = −1 1 −2
 
 0 2 1  0 2 1
The cofactors of various elements of A are:
1 −2 −1 −2 −1 1
C11 = = 5, C12 = − = 1, C13 = = −2,
2 1 0 1 0 2
0 2 1 2 1 0
C21 = − = 4, C22 = = 1, C23 − = −2,
2 1 0 1 0 2
0 2 1 2 1 0
C31 = = −2, C32 = − = 0, C33 = =1
1 −2 −1 −2 −1 1
T
 5 1 −2   5 4 −2 
∴ adj A =  4 1 −2  =  1 1
  0 
 −2 0 1   −2 −2 1 
Comparing the given value of adjA with this value and equating the corresponding elements, we get:
( a, b ) = ( 4, 1)
 1 −1 0 
109. Ans. (a), The given matrix is A = 0 4 2  the cofactors of various elements of A are:
 
 3 −4 6
0 2 4 2
Cofactor of −1 = C12 = − = 6, Cofactor of 1 = C11 = = 24 + 8 = 32,
3 6 −4 6
−1 0 1 −1
Cofactor of 3 = C31 = = −2, Cofactor of 6 = C33 = =4
4 2 0 4
∴ I → s, II → q, III → p, IV → r

110. Ans. (d), ( ABC )  A ( BC ) = ( BC ) A−1 = ( C −1B −1 ) A−1 = C −1B −1 A−1
−1 −1 −1

 1 
111. Ans. (c), We have: B = A A−1 = A  ( adjA)  = adjA
 A 

∴ B = adjA = A = ( −5 ) = 25
2
∵ adjX = X n −1 where X is a square matrix of order n 
2
 
112. Ans. (d), The value of the determinant of skew-symmetric of odd order is zero. So, the inverse of such
a matrix does not exist.
6 x−2
113. Ans. (a), Matrix A has no inverse, if A = 0 i.e. if =0
3 x
i.e. if 6 x − 3 ( x − 2 ) = 0 i.e. if 3 x + 6 = 0 i.e. if x = −2
cos θ − sin θ
114. Ans. (c), We have : A = = cos2 θ + sin 2 θ = 1
sin θ cos θ

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1
∴ A−1 = ( adjA) = adjA ∵ A3 = 1 Hence, adjA = A−1
A
115. Ans. (b) A2 + A − I = O ⇒ A−1 ( A2 + A − I ) = A−1O [Multiplying by A−1 on both sides]

⇒ A−1 A2 + A−1 A − A−1 I = O [∵ XO = O ]

⇒ ( A− 1 A ) A + A− 1 A − A− 1 = O ∵ A−1 A = I 

⇒ A + I = O + A− 1 ⇒ A− 1 = I + A [∵ O + X = X ]
116. Ans. (a), AB = 3I ⇒ A−1 ( AB ) = 3 A−1I [Multiplying by A−1 on both sides]
⇒ ( A A) B = 3 A
−1 −1
[By Associative Law]

⇒ IB = 3 A−1 ∵ A−1 A = I 

1
⇒ A−1 = B [∵ IB = B ]
3
117. Ans. (b), A3 = I ⇒ A−1 A3 = A−1 I [Multiplying by A−1 on both sides]
⇒ ( A−1 A ) A2 = A−1 I [By Associative Law]

⇒ IA2 = A−1 I ∵ A−1 A = I 

⇒ A−1 = A2 [∵ IX = X ]
1
118. Ans. (d), We have that: A−1 = AdjA
A
3 −2 4
1
∴ A = AdjA ⇒ k = A = 1 2 −1 = 3 ( 2 + 1) + 2 (1 − 0 ) + 4 (1 − 0 ) = 15
−1

k
0 1 1

119. Ans. (a), We have: ( B −1 A−1 ) = ( A−1 ) (B )

−1 −1 −1 −1
[By Reversal Law]

 2 2  0 −1  2 −2 
= AB =   = 
 −3 2   1 0   2 3 

( ) = C −1 ( AB −1 )
−1 −1
120. Ans. (b), AB −1C [By Reversal Law]

= C −1  ( B −1 ) A−1 
−1
[By Reversal Law]
 

= C −1 ( BA−1 ) ∵ ( B −1 ) −1 = B 
 
= C −1BA−1 [By Associative Law]
1  1 
( 2 A)
−1 −1
121. Ans. (a), = ∵ X = 
2A  X 
1 1 1
= = = ∵ kA = k n A if A is a square matrix of order n 
3
2 A (8)( 3) 24 
122. Ans. (d), 4 A3 + 2 A2 + 7 A + I = O ⇒ A−1 ( 4 A3 + 2 A2 + 7 I + I ) = A−1O
[Pre-multipling A−1 on both sides]
⇒ 4 ( A−1 A) A2 + 2 ( A−1 A) A + 7 ( A−1 A) + A−1 I = O [By Associated Law]

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⇒ 4 IA2 + 2 IA + 7 I + A−1 I = O ∵ A−1 A = I 

⇒ 4 A2 + 2 A + 7 I + A−1 = O [∵ XI = IX = X ]
⇒ A−1 = − ( 4 A2 + 2 A + 7 I )

123. Ans. (c), A2 − A + I = O

⇒ A−1 ( A2 − A + I ) = A−1O [Multiplying by A−1 on both sides]

⇒ ( A−1 A ) A − ( A−1 A ) + ( A−1 I ) = O [By Associative Law]

⇒ ( IA) − I + A−1 = O [Using A−1 A = I and XI = X ]

⇒ A − I + A−1 = O ⇒ A−1 = − A + I + O = I − A [∵ IA = A]
3 4
124. Ans. (a), Let B =   Then, B = A−1 ⇒ AB = AA−1 = I ⇒ A = B −1 [By definition of Inverse]
5 6 
T
 6 −5  6 −4  3 4
Now, adjB =   =  . Also, B = = 18 − 20 = −2
 −4 3   −5 3  5 6
1 1  6 −4   −3 2 
∴ A = B −1 = ( adjB ) = =
B ( −2 )  −5 3  5 / 2 −3 / 2
 

125. Ans. (d). Matrix A , is invertible if A ≠ 0

1 0 −k
Now, A = 2 1 3 = 1 (1 − 0 ) − 0 ( 2 − 3k ) − k ( 0 − k ) = k 2 + 1 ≠ 0Vk ∈ R
k 0 1
Hence, A is invertible for all real values of k
126. Ans. (c), Amongst the given alternatives, only (c) is true as shown:
Let A be an m × n matrix Then, At is an n × m matrix
n
∴ At = A ⇒ m = n i.e. A is an n × n matrix i.e. A is a square matrix [Note AadjA = A ]

 λ −1 4  λ −1 4
127. Ans. (d), Let A =  −3 0 1  Then, A is invertible if A ≠ 0 i.e. if −3 0 1 ≠ 0
 
 −1 1 2 −1 1 2
i.e. if λ. ( 0 − 1) − ( −1)( −6 + 1) + 4 ( −3 − 0 ) ≠ 0 i.e. if −λ − 17 ≠ 0 i.e. if λ ≠ −17
2 1 1 0
128. Ans. (c), A matrix ' A ' has an inverse if A = 0 = 4 − 1 = 3 ≠ 0; = 2 − 0 = 2 ≠ 0;
1 2 2 2
1 1 1 2 1 1 
= 2 − 2 = 0; = 1 − 4 = −3 ≠ 0 , ∴ The matrix   has no inverse
2 2 2 1 2 2
1 a 2 1 a 2 0 a − 2 −3
C1 → C1 − C2 , 
129. Ans. (c), Let A =  1 2 5 Then, A = 1 2 5 = 1 2 5 C → C − 2C 
   3 2
 2 1 1  2 1 1 0 −3 −9 3

0 a − 2 −3
= ( −3 ) 1 2 5 [taking ( −3) common from R3 ]
0 1 3

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= ( −3)( −1) {3 ( a − 2 ) + 3} = 3 ( 3a − 3) = 9 ( a − 1)

Now, A is not invertible if A = 0 i.e. if 9 ( a − 1) = 0 i.e. if a = 1

4 7  4 7
130. Ans. (d), Let A =   . Then, A = The co-factors of various elements of A are
1 2 1 2
C11 = 2, C12 = −1, C21 = −7, C22 = 4
T
 2 −1  2 −7  4 7 1  2 −7 
∴ adjA =   =  Also, A = = 8 − 7 = 1 ∴ A −1 = . ( adjA ) =  
 −7 4   −1 4  1 2 A  −1 4 
cos θ − sin θ  cos θ − sin θ  cos θ sin θ 
131. Ans. (d), A =  ⇒ A = and AT = 
 sin θ cos θ   sin θ cos θ  − sin θ cos θ 
The cofactors of various elements of A are: C11 = cos θ , C12 = − sin θ , C21 = sin θ , C22 = cos θ
T
cos θ − sin θ   cos θ sin θ  cos θ − sin θ
∴ adjA =   =  Also, A = = cos2 θ + sin 2 θ = 1
 sin θ cos θ   − sin θ cos θ  sin θ cos θ
1  cos θ sin θ 
∴ A −1 = . ( adjA ) =  Clearly, AT = A−1
A  − sin θ cos θ 
1 2
132. Ans. (b), A = the cofactors of various elements of A are
3 −5
C11 = −5, C12 = −3, C21 = 2, C22 = 1
T
 −5 −3  −5 −2  1 2
∴ adjA =   =  −3 1  Also, A = = −5 − 6 = −11
 −2 1    3 −5
1 1  −5 −2  5 / 11 2 / 11 
∴ A −1 = = ( adjA ) = =
A −11  −3 1  3 / 11 −1 / 11
0 0 1
133. Ans. (b), We have: A = 0 1 0 The cofactors of various elements of A are:
1 0 0
C11 = 0, C12 = 0, C13 = −1, C21 = 0, C22 = −1, C23 = 0, C31 = −1, C32 = 0, C33 = 0
T
 0 0 −1  0 0 −1
∴ adjA = 0 −1 0 =  0 −1 0  and A = −1
 
   
 −1 0 0   −1 0 0 

 0 0 −1 0 0 1
( adjA) =  0 −1 0  = 0 1 0 = A
1−1 1 
∴ A =
A −1
 −1 0 0  1 0 0
134. Ans. (a), The inverse of A does not exist, if A = 0
1 3 2 1 0 0
Now, A = 2 5 t = 2 −1 t − 4 [C2 → C2 − 3C1, C3 → C3 − 2c1 ]
2 7−t −6 4 t − 5 −14
= 1.{14 − ( −t − 5)( t − 4 )} = t 2 + t − 6

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∴ A = 0 ⇒ t 2 + t − 6 = 0 ⇒ ( t + 3)( t − 2 ) = 0 ⇒ t = −3 or t = 2
Thus, the values of t for which inverse of A does not exist are −3 and 2
135. Ans. (a), AX = B ⇒ A−1 ( AX ) = A−1B ⇒ ( A A) X = A
−1 −1
B ⇒ IX = A−1B

⇒ X = A −1 B
 3 −1 / 2 −1 / 2   9   27 − 26 − 0  1
⇒ X =  −4 3 / 4 5 / 4  52  =  −36 + 39 + 0 = 3
      
 2 −1 / 4 −3 / 4   0   18 − 13 + 0  5
136. Ans. (a), A is non-singular ⇒ A−1 exits
Now, AB = O ⇒ A−1 ( AB ) = A−1O [Multiplying by A−1 on both sides]

⇒ ( A −1 A ) B = O [By Associative Law] ⇒ IB = O ⇒ B = O ∵ A−1 A = I 

i.e. B is a null matrix
137. Ans. (c), For checking Choice
1 0 1 1  1 1  1 0
(a), Let A =   ,B=  , then AB =   and BA =   Clearly, AB ≠ BA
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(b) We know that : ( AB ) = B T AT
T
[By Reversal Law]

( AB )
T
∴ is not always equal to At B T
(c) We have AB = A B . Thus is always true
−1
(d) We know that : ( AB ) = B −1 A−1 [By Reversal Law]
−1
∴ ( AB ) is not always equal to A−1B −1
138. Ans. (c) Let A ≠ 0. Then, A−1 exists
∴ AB = O ⇒ A−1 ( AB ) = A−1O [Multiplying by A−1 on both sides]

⇒ ( A −1 A ) B = O [Associative Law]

⇒ IB = O ∵ A−1 A = I 
⇒ B = O, which is not possible since B is a non-zero matrix
∴ A = 0 (compulsorily), Similarly, B =0
Hence, for two non-zero matrices A and B, we have: AB = O ⇒ n A = 0 and B = 0 ,
3 2
139. Ans. (d), A =
0 1
∴ The co-factors of the various elements of A are: C11 = 1, C12 = 0, c21 = −2, C22 = 3
T
 1 0  1 −2  3 2 1 1  1 −2 
∴ AdjA =  = Also, A = = 3 ∴ A −1 = ( AdjA) = 

 − 2 3 0 3 
 0 1 A 3 0 3 
1  1 −2   1 −2  1  1 −8 
Now, ( A−1 ) = ( A−1 ) . ( A−1 ) =
2
=
9 0 3  0 3  9 0 9 
1 1 −2  1 −8 1 1 −26
( ) = ( A )( A )
3 2
And so, A−1 −1 −1
= =
27 0 3  0 9  27 0 27 

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140. Ans. (c), AB = I ⇒ A−1 ( AB ) = A−1 I ⇒ ( A A) B = A

−1 −1
⇒ IB = A−1
1
⇒ B = A−1 = Adj ( A) …(i)
A
θ
1 tan
2 θ θ
Now, A = = 1 + tan 2 = sec 2 Also, the cofactors of the elements of A are
θ 2 2
− tan 1
2
T
 θ
θ θ  1 tan 
2
C11 = 1, C12 = tan , C21 = − tan , C22 = 1 , ∴ adj A =   =A
T

2 2  − tan θ 1 
 2 
1 θ
Substituting, these values of A and Adj ( A) in (i), we get: B = . At = cos2 . At
2 θ 2
sec
2
 x −2  x −2
141. Ans. (c), A =   . and so, A = The cofactors of various elements of A are:
 3 7  3 7
C11 = 7, C12 = 3, C21 = 2, C22 = x
T
 7 − 3  7 2 x −2
∴ adjA =   =  Also, A = = 7x + 6
2 x   −3 x  3 7
 7 2 
1 1  7 2  7 x + 6 7x + 6 
∴ A−1 = ( adjA) = = 
A ( 7 x + 6 )  −3 x   −3 x 
 7 x + 6 7 x + 6 
 7 / 34 1 / 17 
But A−1 =   (given) Equating the corresponding elements of two values of A−1 ,
 −3 / 34 2 / 17 
we get 7 x + 6 = 34 ⇒ x = 4
1 0   0 1   cos θ sin θ 
142. Ans. (d), Let A = P cos θ + Q sin θ = ( cos θ )   + ( sin θ )   =
0 1  −1 0  − sin θ cos θ 
cos θ sin θ
Then, A = The cofactors of various elements of A are:
− sin θ cos θ
 0 1   cos θ sin θ 
C11 = cos θ , C12 = − ( − sin θ )  = 
 −1 0   − sin θ cos θ 
cos θ sin θ
Then, A = the cofactors of various elements of A are:
− sin θ cos θ
C11 = cos θ , C12 = − ( − sin θ ) = sin θ , C21 = sin θ , C22 = cos θ
T
 cos θ sin θ   cos θ − sin θ  cos θ sin θ
∴ adj A =   =  Also, A = = cos2 θ + sin 2 θ = 1
 − sin θ cos θ   sin θ cos θ  − sin θ cos θ
1 cos θ − sin θ  1 0  0 1
∴ A−1 = ( adjA) =   = ( cos θ ) − ( sin θ )  
A  sin θ cos θ  0 1  −1 0 
−1
⇒ ( P cos θ + Q sin θ ) = P cos θ − Q sin θ
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 − cot θ cosecθ  − cot θ cosecθ
143. Ans. (d), Let A =   Then, A =
cosecθ − cot θ  cosecθ − cot θ
The cofactors of various elements of A are
C11 = − cot θ , C12 = −cosecθ , C21 = −cosecθ , C22 = − cot θ
T
 − cot θ −cosecθ   − cot θ −cosecθ 
∴ adjA =   =
 −cosecθ − cot θ   −cosecθ − cot θ 
 − cot θ cosecθ  1  cot θ cosecθ 
Also, A =  = cot 2 θ − cosec 2θ = −1 ∴ A−1 = . ( adjA ) = 
cosecθ

− cot θ  A cosecθ cot θ 
cos 2θ − sin 2θ  cos 2θ − sin 2θ
144. Ans. (a), Let A =   ; Then, A =
 sin 2θ cos 2θ  sin 2θ cos 2θ
The cofactors of various elements of A are: C11 = cos 2θ , C12 = − sin 2θ , C21 = sin 2θ , C22 = cos 2θ
T
cos 2θ − sin 2θ   cos 2θ sin 2θ  1  cos 2θ sin 2θ 
∴ adjA =  = ∴ A−1 = ( adjA) = 
 sin 2θ cos 2θ  
 − sin 2θ

cos 2θ  A  − sin 2θ cos 2θ 
0 3
145. Ans. (c), We have: A = The cofactors of various elements of A are:
2 0
C11 = 0, C12 = −2, C21 = −3, C22 = 0
T
 0 −2   0 −3  0 3 0 3
∴ adjA =   =  = −  = − A Also, A = = 0 − 6 = −6
 − 3 0   − 2 0   2 0  2 0
1 1 1 1 1
∴ A−1 = . Adj ( A) = . ( − A) = A ⇒ λ ( A ) = A  A−1 = λ ( A ) ⇒λ=
A ( −6 ) 6 6 6
146. Ans. (d), AX = B ⇒ A−1 ( AX ) = A−1B ⇒ ( A A) X = A
−1 −1
B ⇒ IX = A−1B ⇒ X = A−1B
−1 2
Now, A = The cofactors of various elements of A are
1 −1
C11 = −1, C12 = −2, C21 = −2, C22 = −1
T
 −1 −2   −1 −2  −1 2
∴ adjA =   =  −2 −1 Also, A = = 1 − 4 = −3
 − 2 − 1   2 −1
1 −1  −1 −2  1 1 2  1  1 2  3 1  5
∴ A−1 = ( adjA) =   =   and so, A−1B =  =
A 3  − 2 − 1 3  2 1  3  2 1  1 3  7 
1 5
Here, X = A−1B =  
3 7 
147. Ans. (a), AB = I ⇒ A−1 ( AB ) = A−1 I ⇒ ( A A) B = A
−1 −1
⇒ IB = A−1
1
⇒ B = A−1 = ( adjA) …(i)
A
1 tan θ
Now A = = 1 + tan 2 θ = sec2 θ
− tan θ 1
Also, the cofactors of various elements of A are C11 = −1, C12 = tan θ , C21 = − tan θ , C22 = 1

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 23
T
 1 tan θ   1 − tan θ 
∴ adjA =   = Substituting these value of A and adjA in (i), we get
 − tan θ 1   tan θ 1 

 1 − tan θ   1 − tan θ   1 tan ( −θ )

⇒ ( sec 2 θ ) B = 
1
B=  tan θ   = 
sec2 θ  1   tan θ 1   − tan ( −θ ) 1 

⇒ ( cos2 θ ) B = A ( −θ )
−1

1 0 0
148. Ans. (d), We have: A = 0 1 0 = I 3
 
0 0 1

 1 0 0 ′  1 0 0   1 0 0 ′  1 0 0  1 0 0
∴ AdjA = 0 1 0 = 0 1 0 = I 3 ; A′ =  0 1 0  = 0 1 0  = I 3 , A = 0 1 0 = I
       
0 0 1  0 0 1   0 0 1  0 0 1  0 0 1
1
∴ A−1 = ( adjA) = adjA = I 3 thus, adjA = A = A′ = A−1 = I 3 Hence, all the statement are true
A
−1
 3 1  5 −1  3 1  5 −1
149. Ans. (c),   X =  ⇒ X =   
 4 1 2 3   4 1  2 3 
Note: AX = B ⇒ A−1 ( AX ) = A−1B ⇒ ( A A) X = A
−1 −1
B

 3 1
⇒ IX = A−1B ⇒ X = A−1B Note, let A =  
 4 1
T
 1 −4   1 −1 3 1
Then, adjA =   =  and A = = 3 − 4 = −1
 −1 3   −4 3  4 1
1 1  1 −1  −1 1 
∴ A −1 = ( adjA) = =
A ( −1)  −4 3   4 −3
 −1 1   5 −1  −5 + 2 1 + 3   −3 4 
Hence, X =    [Using (i)] = = 
 4 −3  2 3   20 − 6 −4 − 9  14 −13
 1 0 0 1 0 0
150. Ans. (d), Let A =  a 1 0 Then, A = a 1 0
 
 b c 1 b c 1
The cofactors of various elements of A are:
1 0 a 0 a 1
C11 = = 1, C12 = − = − a , C13 = = ac − b,
c 1 b 1 b c
0 0 1 0 1 0
C21 = − = 0, C22 = = 0, C23 = − = − c,
c 1 b 1 b c
0 0 1 0 1 0
C31 = = 0, C32 = − = 0, C33 = =1
1 0 a 0 a 1
1 − a ac − b   1 0 0 1 0 0

∴ adjA = 0 1 
−c = −a  
1 0 Also, A = a 1 0 = 1
   
0 0 1   ac − b − c 1 b c 1

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 1 0 0
( adjA) =  −a 1 0

1
−1
∴ A =
A
 ac − b − c 1
1 0
151. Ans. (c), We have: B = =2≠0 , ∴ B −1 exists
0 2
Now, A = BX ⇒ B −1 A = B −1 ( BX ) = ( B −1B ) X = IX = X

Thus, X = B −1 A . Now, cofactors of various elements of B are C11 = 2, C12 = 0, C22 = 1

T
 2 0  2 0
∴ adB =   = 
 0 1  0 1
1 1  2 0  1 0   1 0  1 2  1 2 4 
∴ B −1 = ( adjB ) =  =  and so, X = B −1
A =  1
= 3 −5 
= 
B 
2  0 1  0 12   0 2 2 2  2  3 −5

152. Ans. (b), We know that: ( A−1 ) = A

−1

 1 0  1 0
We have: A−1 =   and so A−1 =   the cofactors of various elements of A−1 are
 −1 2   −1 2 
T
 2 1  2 0 1 0
C11 = 2, C12 = 1, C21 = 0, C22 = 1 ∴ adj ( A ) = 
−1
 =  also, A−1 = =2
 0 1 1 1 −1 2
1  2 0  1 0 
∴ (A )
−1 −1
=
1
A−1
adj {
( A−1
) = } =
2  1 1  1 / 2 1 / 2 

 1 0  2 x 0 
Now, ( A−1 ) = A ⇒ 
−1
= 
1 / 2 1 / 2   x x 
1
Comparing the corresponding elements of equal matrices, we get: 2 x = 1 ⇒ x =
2
2 1  −3 2  1 0 
153. Ans. (a), Let X =   ,Y =  ,I=  then
 3 2   5 − 3  0 1 
2 1  −3 2 
X =  = 1, Y =   = −1. so, X −1 and Y −1 exists
 3 2 5 − 3
 2 1   −3 2   1 0 
Now,   A = 
 3 2   5 −3 0 1 
⇒ XAY = I ⇒ X −1 ( XAY ) = X −1 I = X −1 ⇒ (X −1
X ) AY = X −1 ⇒ I ( AY ) Y −1 = X −1Y −1

⇒ A (YY −1 ) = X −1Y −1 ⇒ AI = X −1Y −1 ⇒ A = X −1Y −1

1  2 −1 1 1  −3 −2   3 2 
Now, X −1 = ( adjX ) =   and Y −1 = ( adjY ) = . =
X  −3 2  Y ( −1)  −5 −3 5 3
 2 −1 3 2  1 1 
∴ A = X −1Y −1 =   = 
 −3 2  5 3 1 0
1 −1 1
154. Ans. (d), We have: A = 2 1 −3 The cofactors of various elements of A are:
1 1 1

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1 −3 2 −3 2 1
C11 = = 4, C12 = − = −5, C13 = = 1,
1 1 1 1 1 1
−1 1 1 1 1 −1
C21 = − = 2, C22 = = 0, C23 = − = −2,
1 1 1 1 1 1
−1 1 1 1 1 −1
C31 = = 2, C32 = − = 5, C33 = =3
1 −3 2 −3 2 1
T
 4 −5 1   4 2 2 1 −1 1
   
∴ adjA =  2 0 −2  =  −5 0 5  Also, A = 2 1 −3
 2 5 3   1 −2 3  1 1 1
= 1 (1 + 3) − ( −1)( 2 + 3) + 1( 2 − 1) = 10

 4 2 2 4 2 2
( adjA) =  −5 0 5 Now, A−1 = B =  −5 0 α
1 1 1
∴ A−1 =
A 10 10 
 1 −2 3  1 −2 3 
Comparing the corresponding elements of two equal matrices, we get: α =5
2 1  2 1
155. Ans. (b), A =   . and so, A = The cofactors of various elements of A are
0 x  0 x
T
 x 0  x −1 2 1
C11 = x, C12 = 0, C21 = −1, C22 = 2 , ∴ adjA =   =  Also, A = = 2x
 −1 2  0 2  0 x
1 1  x −1  12 − 21x   12 1

∴ A−1 = . ( adjA) = = But A−1
= 6

A 2 x  0 2  0 1 
x 
0

1
x


1 1
⇒ − = ⇒ x = −3 [Equating the corresponding elements of equal matrices]
2x 6

1 −1′  1 1
156. Ans. (c), We have: A′ =   =  ∴ (a) is incorrect
1 1   −1 1

1 −1′  1 1 1 −1 1 1 1 1
adjA =   =  , A = = 1 − ( −1) = 2 and so, A−1 = ( adjA) =  
1 1   −1 1 1 1 A 2 1 1
∴ (b) is incorrect
1 −1  1 1  2 0  1 0
A + A′ =   +  =  = 2  = 2 I ∴ (c) is correct
1 1   − 1 1  0 2   0 1 
1 −1 λ −λ 
λA = λ  = ∴ (d) is incorrect
1 1  λ λ 
157. Ans. (d), Ax = B ⇒ x = A−1B …(i)
 1 −1 2  1 −1 2
 
We have: A =  2 0 1  . So, A = 2 0 1 The cofactors of various elements of A are:
 3 2 1 3 2 1
 
0 1 2 1 2 0
C11 = = −2, C12 = − = 1, C13 = = 4,
2 1 3 1 3 2

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−1 2 1 2 1 −1
C21 = − = 5, C22 = = −5, C23 = − = −5
2 1 3 1 3 2
−1 2 1 2 1 −1
C31 = = −1, C32 = − = 3, C33 − = 2,
0 1 2 1 2 0
T
 −2 1 4   −2 5 −1 
∴ adjA =  5 −5 −5  =  1 −5 3 
  
 −1 3 2   4 −5 2 
   
1 −1 2
Also, A = 2 0 1 = 1 ( 0 − 2 ) − ( −1)( 2 − 3) + 2. ( 4 − 0 ) = 5
3 2 1

 −2 / 5 1 −1 / 5 
( adjA) =  1 / 5 −1 3 / 5  and so, x = A−1B
1 −1
∴ A = [Using (i)]
A  4 / 5 −1 2 / 5 
 
 −2 / 5 1 −1 / 5   3   − 65 + 1 − 54   −1
=  1 / 5 −1 3 / 5   1  =  53 − 1 + 125  =  2 
 4 / 5 −1 2 / 5   4   12 − 1 + 8   3 
    5 5   
 cot θ 1  cot θ 1
158. Ans. (a), A =   . So, A = The cofactor of various elements of A are:
 −1 cot θ  −1 cot θ
C11 = cot θ , C12 = 1, C21 = −1, C22 = cot θ
T
 cot θ 1   cot θ −1  cot θ 1
∴ adjA =   =  also, A = = cot 2 θ + 1 = cosec2θ
 −1 cot θ   1 cot θ  −1 cot θ
1 1  cot θ −1   cos θ sin θ − sin 2 θ 
∴ A− 1 = ( adjA) = = −1
 and so A B
A ( cosec θ )  1
2
cot θ   sin 2 θ cos θ sin θ 

 cos θ sin θ − sin 2 θ   cot θ 1   cos2 θ − sin 2 θ cos θ sin θ − cos θ sin θ   cos 2θ 0
=   = =
 sin θ
2
cos θ sin θ   1 cot θ   2 cos θ sin θ sin 2 θ + cos2 θ   sin 2θ 1 
1 2 −3 1 2 −3
 
159. Ans. (d), Let A = 0 1 2 . Then, A = 0 1 2 The cofactors of various elements of A are:
 
0 0 1  0 0 1
1 2 0 2 0 1
C11 = = 1, C12 − = 0, C13 = = 0,
0 1 0 1 0 0
2 −3 1 −3 1 2
C21 = − = −2, C22 = = 1, C23 = − =0
0 1 0 1 0 0
2 −3 1 −3 1 2
C31 = = 7, C32 = − = −2, C33 = =1
1 2 0 2 0 1
T
1 0 0  1 −2 7  1 2 −3
   
∴ adjA = −2 1 0 = 0 1 −2 Also, A = 0 1 2 = 1
   
 7 −2 1  0 0 1  0 0 1

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 1 −2 7 
. ( adjA) = 0 1 −2 Clearly, the element in the first row and third column of A−1 is 7
1 −1
∴ A =
A  
0 0 1 

 7 −3 −3 7 −3 −3
 
160. Ans. (d), Let A = −1 1 0 . Then, A = −1 1 0
 
 −1 0 1  −1 0 1
The cofactors of various element of A are:
1 0 −1 0 −1 1
C11 = = 1, C12 = − = 1, C13 = = 1,
0 1 −1 1 −1 0
−3 −3 7 −3 7 −3
C21 = − = 3, C22 = = 4, C23 = − = 3,
0 1 −1 1 −1 0
T
1 1 1  1 3 3
−3 −3 7 −3 7 −3
C31 = = 3, C32 − = 3, C33 = = 4 , adjA = 3 4 3 = 1 4 3
1 0 −1 0 −1 1    
3 3 4  1 3 4 

 7 −3 −3 1 3 3
 
A = −1 1 0 = 7 (1 − 0 ) − ( −3)( −1 − 0 ) − 3 ( 0 + 1) = 1 ∴ A =
−1 1
. ( adjA) = 1 4 3
  A  
 −1 0 1  1 3 4 
3 −3 4
161. Ans. (c), We have: A = 2 −3 4 The cofactor of various elements of A are
0 −1 1
−3 4 2 4 2 −3
C11 = = 1, C12 = − = −2, C13 = = −2,
−1 1 0 1 0 −1
−3 4 3 4 3 −3
C21 = − = −1, C22 = = 3, C23 = − = 3,
−1 1 0 1 0 −1
−3 4 3 4 3 −3
C31 = = 0, C32 = − = −4, C33 = = −3
−3 4 2 4 2 −3
T
 1 −2 −2   1 −1 0 
∴ adjA =  −1 3 3  =  −2 3 −4 
   
 0 −4 −3  −2 3 −3
3 −3 4
and A = 2 −3 4 = 3 ( −3 + 4 ) − 2 ( −3 + 4 ) = 3 − 2 = 1
0 −1 1
 1 −1 0   3 −3 4   2 −3 4   3 −4 4 
and so, A =
1 −1  
. ( adjA ) =  −2 3 −4  also, A =  2 −3 4   2 −3 4 =  0 −1 0 
2

A     
 −2 3 −3  0 −1 1   0 −1 1   −2 2 −3
 3 −3 4   3 −4 4   1 −1 0 
and A = A. A =  2 −3 4  0 −1 0  =  −2 3 −4
3 2
Hence, A−1 = A3
    
 0 −1 1   −2 2 −3  −2 3 −3

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3 0 0 
162. Ans. (c), Let XYX −1
= A where A =  0 2 0 
 0 0 −7 
 
Then, ( XYX −1 ) = A−1 ⇒ (X )−1 −1
Y − 1 X − 1 = A− 1 [By Reversal Law]

⇒ XY −1 X −1 = A−1 …(i)
Now, the cofactors of various elements of A are
C11 = −14, C12 = 0, C21 = 0, C22 = −21, C23 = 0, C31 = 0, C32 = 0, C33 = 6
T
 −14 0 0   −14 0 0  3 0 0
   
∴ adjA =  0 −21 0  =  0 −21 0  Also, A = 0 2 0 = −42
 0 0 6   0 0 6  0 0 −7
 
 −14 0 0   1 / 3 0 0 
( adjA) = −  0 −21 0  =  0 1 / 2 0 
1
−1 1   
∴ A =
A 42 
 0 0 6   0 0 1 / 7 

1 / 3 0 0 
−1  −1
Hence, XY X = A =  0 1 / 2 0 
 0 0 −1 / 7 

163. Ans. (c) For checking choice (a) 3 AB = 33 AB
[∵ A and B are square matrices of order 3 ⇒ AB is a square matrix of order 3]
= 27 A B = ( 27 )( −1)( 3) = −81 ∵ AB = A B 
∴ Statement (a) is not correct

(b) det ( A−1 ) =

1
∴ Statement (b) is not correct
det ( A)

(c) ( A + B ) = ( A + B )( A + B ) = A2 + AB + BA + B 2 = A2 + 2 AB + B 2 if AB = BA
2

But AB = I ⇒ A and B are inverse of each other ⇒ BA = I ⇒ AB = BA

1 0 1 1 1 1 
164. Ans. (a), AB = AC is not always true. E.g. if A =   ,B=  ,C= 
1 1  0 1 1 0
1 0  1 1 1 1  1 0 1 1  1 1
Then, AB =     =  and AC =   =  . Clearly, AB ≠ AC
1 1  0 1 1 2  1 1  1 0  2 1
1 1  1 0 
(b) ( AB ) = A2 B 2 is not always true e.g. if A = 
2
 , B = 1 0  , then
0 0  
1 1  1 0  2 0   2 0   2 0   4 0
( AB ) = ( AB )( AB ) = 
2
AB =   = ,   = ,
0 0 1 0  0 0   0 0   0 0   0 0
1 1  1 1  1 1  1 0  1 0 1 0
A2 = A. A =     =  , B 2 = B.B =   = ,
0 0 0 0  0 0 1 0  1 0 1 0
1 1  1 0  2 0
Clearly, ( AB ) ≠ A2 B 2
2
A2 B 2 =     = 
0 0  1 0  0 0

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1 0 0 0
(c) AB = O ⇒ A = O or B = O is not always true. E.g. if A =   ,B= ,
0 0 0 1
1 0   0 0  0 0 
Then A ≠ O and B ≠ O But, AB =   = =O
0 0 0 1 0 0
(d) AB = I ⇒ AB = BA is always true since AB = I ⇒ B = A−1 [By definition of matrix inverse]
And so, AA−1 = I = A−1 A ⇒ AB = I = BA
cos θ − sin θ 0 cos θ − sin θ 0
165. Ans. (a), We have: f (θ ) =  sin θ cos θ 
0 and f (θ ) = sin θ cos θ 0
 
 0 0 1 0 0 1
The cofactors of various elements of f (θ ) are
cos θ 0 sin θ 0
C11 = = cos θ , C12 = − = − sin θ ,
0 1 0 1
sin θ cos θ − sin θ 0
C13 = = 0, C21 = − = sin θ ,
0 0 0 1
cos θ 0 cos θ − sin θ
C22 = = cos θ , C23 = − =0
0 1 0 0
− sin θ 0 cos θ − sin θ cos θ − sin θ
C31 = = 0, C32 = − =0 C33 = = cos2 θ + sin 2 θ = 1
cos θ 0 0 0 sin θ cos θ
T
cos θ − sin θ 0  cos θ sin θ 0
∴ adj { f (θ )} =  sin θ cos θ 0 =  − sin θ
 cos θ 0
   
 0 0 1   0 0 1 

cos θ − sin θ 0
Also, f (θ )  sin θ cos θ 0 = cos2 θ + sin 2 θ = 1
 
 0 0 1

 cos θ sin θ 0 cos ( −θ ) − sin ( −θ ) 0

 
.adj { f (θ )} =  − sin θ 0 =  sin ( −θ ) cos ( −θ ) 0 = f ( −θ )
1
{ f (θ )}
−1
∴ = cos θ
f (θ )  
 0 0 1  0 0 1 

 1 −2 3   1 0 −2 
166. Ans. (c), A = 0 −1 4 ⇒ A′ =  −2 −1 2 
 
   
 −2 2 1   3 4 1 
1 0 −2
∴ A′ = −2 −1 2 The cofactors of various element of A′ are
3 4 1
−1 2 −2 2 −2 −1 0 −2
C11 = = −9, C12 = − = 8, C13 = = −5, C21 = − = −8,
4 1 3 1 3 4 4 1
1 −2 1 0
C22 = = 7, C23 = − = −4,
3 1 3 4

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0 −2 1 −2 1 0
C31 = = −2, C32 = − = 2, C33 = = −1
−1 2 −2 2 −2 −1
 −9 8 −5   −9 −8 −2  1 0 −2
 
∴ adj ( A′ ) = −8 7 −4 = 8  7 
2 Also, A′ = −2 −1 2 = ( −1 − 8) − 2 ( −8 + 3) = 1
   
 −2 2 −1  −5 −4 −1 3 4 1

 −9 −8 −2 
. ( adjA′) =  8 7 2 
−1 1
∴ ( A′) =
 
A′
 −5 −4 −1
1 0 −1
167. Ans. (b), We have: A = 3 4 5 the cofactors of various elements of A are:
0 6 7
4 5 3 5 3 4
C11 = = −2, C12 = − = −21, C13 = = 18
6 7 0 7 0 6
0 −1 1 −1 1 0
C21 = − = −6, C22 = = 7, C23 = − = −6,
6 7 0 7 0 6
0 −1 1 −1 1 0
C31 = = 4, C32 = − = −8, C33 = =4
4 5 3 5 3 4
T
 −2 −21 18   −2 −6 4  1 0 −1
   
∴ adjA = −6 7 −6 = −21 7 −8 Also, A = 3 4 5 = 1 ( 28 − 30 ) − 1(18 − 0 ) = −20
   
 4 −8 4   18 −6 4  0 6 7
 −2 −6 4   a11 a12 a13 
( adjA) = −  −21 7 −8 Now, A = a21 a22
1   a23  (given)
1 −1 −1
∴ A =
A 20 
 18 −6 4   a31 a32 a33 
−8 2
Comparing the elements in the two values of A−1 , we a23 = =
−20 5
0 1 2
168. Ans. (b), A = 1 2 3 The cofactors of various elements of A are
3 a 1
2 3 1 3 1 2
C11 = = 2 − 3a , C12 = − = 8, C13 = = a = 6,
a 1 3 1 3 a
1 2 0 2 0 1
C21 = − = 2a − 1, C22 = = −6, C23 = − = 3,
a 1 3 1 3 a
1 2 0 2 0 1
C31 = = 1, C32 = − = 2, C33 = = −1
2 3 1 3 1 2
T
 2 − 3a 8 a − 6  2 − 3a 2a − 1 −1
∴ adjA =  2a − 1 −6 3  = 8 −6 2
   
 −1 2 −1   a − 6 3 −1

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0 1 2
and A = 1 2 3 = −1 (1 − 9 ) + 2 ( a − 6 ) = 2a − 4
3 a 1

 2 − 3a 2a − 1 −1
Then, A =
1
( adjA) =
−1 1  8 −6 2 …. (i)
A ( 2a − 4 )  
 a − 6 3 −1

 1 / 2 −1 / 2 1 / 2 
But the given value of A −1
is A =  −4
−1
3 c  …(ii)
 
5 / 2 −3 / 2 1 / 2 
Comparing the corresponding elements (particularly those at positions a13 and a23 ) in the two values
of A−1 , we get
1 1 2
− = and = c Solving these equations, we get: a = 1, c = −1
2a − 4 2 2a − 4
1 1 1
169. Ans. (c), A = 1 ω ω 2 The cofactors of the various elements of A are :
1 ω2 ω
ω ω2 1 ω2 1 ω
C11 = = ω 2
− ω 4
= ω 2
− ω , C = − = ω 2
− ω , C = = ω2 − ω
ω ω 1 ω 1 ω
2 12 13 2

1 1 1 1 1 1
C21 = − = ω 2 − ω , C22 = = ω 2 − ω , C23 = − = 1 − ω2 ,
ω 2
ω ω ω 2
1 ω 2

1 1 1 1 1 1
C31 = = ω 2 − ω, C32 = − = 1 − ω 2 , C33 = = ω −1
ω ω 2
1 ω 2
1 ω
T
ω 2 − ω ω 2 − ω ω 2 − ω  ω 2 − ω 1 − ω 2 ω − 1 
   
∴ adjA = ω 2 − ω ω − 1 1 − ω 2  = ω 2 − ω ω 2 − ω 1 − ω 2 
ω 2 − ω 1 − ω 2 ω − 1  ω 2 − ω 1 − ω 2 ω − 1 
  
1 1 1
Also, A = 1 ω ω 2 = (ω 2 − ω ) − (ω − ω 2 ) + (ω 2 − ω ) = 3 (ω 2 − ω )
1 ω2 ω
ω 2 − ω ω 2 − ω ω 2 − ω 
1 1  2 
So, A−1 = .adjA = ω − ω ω − 1 1 − ω2 
A 3 (ω − ω ) 2
2
ω − ω 1 − ω 2 ω − 1 

 ω −1 ω −1 1 ω3 2 
1 1 1  ω 2 − ω ω ω − 1 ω = ω = ω ,
∵ = =
1  ( ) 
= 1 ω 2
ω
   ω (ω − ω )
2 
 1−ω = ω −ω =
3 2 3 2
1 ω ω 2  = ω 
ω2 − ω ω2 − ω
 ( ω 2
− ω ) 

170. Ans. (d), This system consistent i.e. has a non-zero solution if A = 0
a 1 −3
i.e. if 1 2 −3 = 0 i.e. if −2a + 2 + 6 = 0 i.e. if a = 2
3 4 −7

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171. Ans. (c), The given homogeneous system of linear equation can be written in matrix from as AX = O
where
1 1 1  x  0 1 1 −1
  
A = 2 1 −1 , X = y , O = 0    Now, A = 2 −1 −1 = 1 ( 0 + 2 ) − 1( 0 + 3) + 1( 4 − 3) = 0
     
 3 2 0   z   0 3 2 0
∴ The given system has infinitely many solution
172. Ans. (b), The given homogeneous system of equation can be written in matrix from as AX = O where
1 1 −1  x 0 1 1 −1
     
A = 3 −1 −1 , X = y , O = 0 Now, A = 3 −1 −1 = ( −2 − 3) − ( 6 + 1) − ( −9 + 1) = −4 ≠ 0
     
 −3 2   z  0 1 −3 2
∴ The trivial solution is the only solution i.e. the number of solution is 1
173. Ans. (c), The given system of homogeneous equations can be written in the matrix from as
 3 2 1  x  0
AX = O where A =  1 4 1  , X =  y  , O = 0
     
 2 1 4  z  0
3 2 1
Now, A = 1 4 1 = 3. (16 − 1) − 2 ( 4 − 2 ) + 1. (1 − 8 ) = 34 ≠ 0
2 1 4
∴ For the given homogeneous system of equations, the trivial solution is the only solution
174. Ans. (d), The given homogeneous system of equation can be written in the matrix form as AX = O
1 1 1 x  0
where A = 2 3 1 , X = y , O =  0
   
     
 1 2 0  z   0
1 1 1 1 0 0
Now, A = 2 3 1 = 2 1 −1 = 0 [C2 → C2 − C1 , C3 → C3 − C1 ]
1 2 0 1 1 −1
∴ The system is consistent and has infinite solutions.
175. Ans. (d), The given homogeneous system of equation can be written in matrix from as AX = O where
 2 −1 1   x 0
A = α −1 2 , X = y , O = 0 The system has a non-zero solutions if A = 0
   
     
 1 −2 1   z  0
2 −1 1
i.e. if α −1 2 = 0 i.e. if 2 ( −1 + 4 ) − ( −1)(α − 2 ) + 1. ( 2α + 1) = 0 i.e. if −α + 5 = 0 i.e. if α = 5
1 −2 1
176. Ans. (a), The given system of linear equations can be written in Matrix from as AX = B
1 1 1  x 2
Where A = 2 1 −1 , X = y , B =  3
   
     
 3 2 k   z   4 
1 1 1
Now, this system will have a unique solution if A ≠ 0 i.e. if 2 1 −1 ≠ 0
3 2 k

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i.e. if ( k + 2 ) − ( 2k + 3) + ( 4 − 3) ≠ 0 i.e. if k ≠ 0
177. Ans. (a), The given homogeneous system of equations can be written in matrix form as AX = O,
where
1 1 1   x 0
A = 1 a a , X = y , O 0 This system possesses non-zero solutions only if A = 0
   
     
1 − a 1   z  0
1 1 1
i.e. if 1 a a = 0 i.e. if 1. ( a + a 2 ) − 1. (1 − a ) + 1. ( − a − a ) = 0
1 −a 1
i.e. if a 2 − 1 = 0 i.e. if a = −1 or a = 1
178. Ans. (b), The given homogeneous system of equations can be written in matrix form as AX = O where
1 k 3   x 0
A = 3 k −2 , X = y , O = 0 This system possesses non-trivial solutions only if A = 0
   
     
 2 3 −4   z  0
1 k 3 1 k 3
i.e. if 3 k −2 = 0 i.e. if 0 −2k −11 = 0 [ R2 → R2 − 3R1 R3 → R3 − 2 R1 ]
2 3 −4 0 3 − 2k −10
33
i.e. if 20k + 11 ( 3 − 2k ) = 0 i.e. if 33 − 2k = 0 i.e. if k =
2
179. Ans. (b), The given system of equations can be written in matrix from as AX = B where
 1 2 3  x1  a  1 2 3
A = 2 3 1 , X x2 , B =  b  We have: A =
    2 3 1 = 1 ( 6 − 1) − 2 ( 4 − 3) + 3 ( 2 − 9 ) = −18 ≠ 0
     
 3 1 2   x3   c  3 1 2
∴ The given system has a unique solution
180. Ans. (c), The given system of linear equations can be written in matrix form as AX = B where
 1 2 3  x 4
A = 2 3 4 , X =  y  , B =  5
     
 3 4 5  z   6 
1 2 3
We have: A = 2 3 4 = 1. (15 − 16 ) − 2 (10 − 12 ) + 3 (8 − 9 ) = 0
3 4 5
T
 −1 2 −1  −1 2 −1  −1 2 −1  4   −4 + 10 − 6  0
Also, adjA =  2 −4 2  =  2 −4 2  ∴ ( adjA) B =  2 −4 2   5 =  8 − 20 + 12  =  0 = O
          
 −1 2 −1  −1 2 −1  −1 2 −1  6   −4 + 10 − 6  0
Hence, the system is consistent and has infinitely many solutions
181. Ans. (a), The given homogeneous system of equations can be written in matrix from as AX = O where
 1 −1 1   x 0
A = 1 2 −1 , X = y , O =  0 
   
     
 2 1 3   z  0

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1 −1 1 1 0 0
C2 → C2 + C1 ,
We have: A = 1 2 −1 = 1 3 −2  = 3+ 6 = 9 ≠ 0
 C3 → C3 − C1 
2 1 3 2 3 1
∴ Trivial solution is the only solution i.e. the number of non-trivial solution is 0
182. Ans. (a), The given system of linear equations can be written in matrix form as AX = B where
 3 1 −1  x 0
A = 5 2 −3 , X = y , B =  2  We have:
   
     
15 6 −9  z   5
3 1 −1
A = 5 2 −3 = 3. ( −18 + 18) − 1. ( −45 + 45) − 1. ( 30 − 30 ) = 0
15 6 −9
T
0 0 0 0 3 −1 0 0 −1  0  1 
Also, adjA = 3 −12 −3 = 0 −12 4 ∴ ( adjA) B = 0 −12 4   2  =  −4  ≠ O
   
        
 −1 4 1  0 −3 1  0 −3 1   5  −1
Hence, the given system of equations is inconsistent i.e. it has no solution
183. Ans. (a), The given system of equations can be written in matrix from as
 2 1 −1  x 7 
AX = B where A = 1 −3 2 , X = y , B = 1 
   
     
 1 4 −3  z   5
2 1 −1
We have: A = 1 −3 2 = 2 ( 9 − 8 ) − 1 ( −3 − 2 ) − 1 ( 4 + 3 ) = 0
1 4 −3
T
1 5 7  1 −1 −1 1 −1 −1 7  1
Also, adjA − −1 −5 −7 = 5 −5 −5 . ∴ ( adjA) B =  5 −5 −5 1  =  5 ≠ O
   
        
 −1 −5 −7   7 −7 −7  7 −7 −7   5 7
Hence, the given system of equations is inconsistent i.e. it has no solution i.e. number of solutions is 0
184. Ans. (a), In matrix form, the given system of equation can be written as
 0 1 −1  x1  1
AX = B where A = −1 0 2 , X = x2 , B =  2
   
     
 1 −2 0   x3   3
0 1 −1
We have: A = −1 0 2 = ( −1)( 0 − 2 ) + ( −1)( 2 − 0 ) = 0
1 −2 0
T
4 2 2 4 2 2  4 2 2   1  14
adjA =  2 1 1  =  2 1 1  and ( adjA) .B =  2 1 1   2 =  7  ≠ O
        
 2 1 1   2 1 1   2 1 1   3  7 
Thus, A = O and ( adjA) .B ≠ O
Hence, given system of equations is inconsistent i.e. it has no solution
185. Ans. (b), The given non-homogeneous system of equations can be written in matrix form as:

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1 1 1  x 2
AX = B where A = 3 −1 2 , X = y , B =  6 
   
     
3 1 1   z  18
1 1 1 1 0 0
Now, we have A = 3 −1 2 = 3 −4 −1 [C2 → C2 − C1, C3 − C1 ] =8−2 = 6 ≠ 0
3 1 1 3 −2 −2
∴ The system is consistent and has a unique solution, given by X = A−1B
186. Ans. (a), The given non-homogeneous system of equations is
x + y + z = λ , 5 x − y + µ z = 10 , 2 x + 3 y − z = 6
1 1 1   x λ 
In matrix from, it can be written as Ax = B where A = 5 −1 µ , X = y , B = 10
   
     
 2 3 −1  z   6 
Now, this system will have a unique solution if A ≠ 0 i.e. if
1 1 1
5 −1 µ ≠ 0 i.e. if (1 − 3µ ) − ( −5 − 2 µ ) + (15 + 2 ) ≠ 0 i.e. if 23 − µ ≠ 0 i.e if µ ≠ 23
2 3 −1
This, the existence of a unique solution of the given system in equations depends on µ only
187. Ans. (c), The given system of linear equations can be written in the matrix form as AX = B where
1 −1 1  x  3
A= 2 1 −1 , X = y , B =  2  This system will have infinite solutions only if A = 0
  
     
 −3 −2k 6   z   1 
1 −1 1
i.e. if 2 1 −1 = 0 i.e. if 1. ( 6 − 2k ) − ( −1) . (12 − 3) + 1. ( −4k + 3) = 0 i.e. if 18 − 6k = 0 i.e. if k = 3
−3 −2k 6
188. Ans. (c), The given homogeneous system of equations can be written in matrix from as AX = O where
4 k 2 x 0
A = k 4 1 , X = y , O = 0 This system has a non-zero solution if A = 0
   
     
 2 2 1   z  0
4 k 2
i.e. if k 4 1 = 0 i.e if 4 ( 4 − 2 ) − k ( k − 2 ) + 2 ( 2k − 8 ) = 0
2 2 1
Thus, there are 2 values of k fro which the given equation posses a non-zero solution
189. Ans. (a), The given system of linear equations can be written in matrix form as AX = B where
1 1 1  x 6
A = 1 −1 1 , X = y , B =  2 
   
     
 2 1 −1  z   1 
1 1 1
We have: A = 1 −1 1 = 1. (1 − 1) − 1. ( −1 − 2 ) + 1. (1 + 2 ) = 6 ≠ 0
2 1 −1
∴ The system is consistent and has a unique solution, given by X = A−1B

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T
0 3 3  0 2 2  0 2 2 
( adjA) =  3 −3 0 
1
Now, adjA = 2 −3 1 =  3 −3 0  ,
  1
−1
∴ A =
    A 6
 2 0 −2   3 1 −2   3 1 −2
 x 0 2 2   6  6  1 
and so, X =  y  = A−1B =  3 −3 0   2 
1 1   
= 12 = 2
  6   6   
 z   3 1 −2   1  18  3
∴ x = 1, y = 2, z = 3 is the required solution
190. Ans. (b), The given system of linear equations can be written in matrix form as AX = B where
1 2 1  x1  3
A =  2 3 1  , X =  x2  , B = 3
     
 3 5 2  x3  1
1 2 1
We have: A = 2 3 1 = 1. ( 6 − 5) − 2. ( 4 − 3) + 1. (10 − 9 ) = 1 − 2 + 1 = 0
3 5 2
T
1 1 1  1 1 −1  1 1 −1 3  5 
Also, adjA =  1 −1 1  =  −1 −1 1  ∴ ( adjA) B =  −1 −1 1  3 =  −5 ≠ O
        
 −1 1 −1  1 1 −1  1 1 −1 1  5 
Hence, the given system of equations is inconsistent i.e. it has no solution.
191. Ans. (b)
 3 −2 4  1
192. Ans. (c) Given A = 1 2 −1 and A−1 = adj ( A ) ......( I )
  K
 0 1 1 

adj ( A )
Also we know A−1 = .......(ii ) ∴ By comparing (i) and (ii) we get A = K
A
3 −2 4
Hence A = 1 2 −1 = 3 ( 2 + 1) + 2 (1 + 0 ) + 4 (1 − 0 ) = 9 + 2 + 4 = 15
0 1 1

 A− I  A− I
193. Ans. (a) ( A − 2 I )( A + I ) = 0 ⇒ AA − A − 2 I = 0 ⇒ A  = I Hence = A −1
 2  2
194. Ans. (b) Given B = − A−1 BA ⇒ AB = − BA ⇒ AB + BA = 0 ∴ ( A + B ) = A2 + AB + BA + B 2 = A2 + B 2
2

 0 0 −1
195. Ans. (a) Given A =  0 −1 0 
 
 −1 0 0 

 −1 0 0
Clearly A ≠ 0. Also A = −1 ≠ 0 ∴ A−1 exists further ( −1) I =  0 −1 0  ≠ A

 0 0 −1

 0 0 −1  0 0 −1 1 0 0
Also A2 =  0 −1 0   0 −1 0  = 0 1 0 = I
 −1 0 0   −1 0 0  0 0 1 

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 4 2 2  4 2 2
196. Ans. (a) Given that 10 B =  −5 0 α  ⇒ B =  −5 0 α  Also since , B = A−1 ⇒ AB = I
  1 
10
 1 −2 3   1 −2 3 

1 −1 1   4 2 2  1 0 0 
1 
⇒  2 1 −3  −5 0 α  =  0 1 0 
10
1 1 1   1 −2 3   0 0 1 
10 0 5 − α  1 0 0 
1  5 −α
⇒  0 10 −5 + α  = 0 1 0  ⇒ = 0⇒α = 5
10 10
 0 0 5 + α  0 0 1 

α β α β  α β  α 2 + β 2 2αβ 
197. Ans (a) ∵ A =   , ∴ A 2
=     = 2
. Now, A2 = I
β α  β α  β α   2αβ α 2
+ β 
α 2 + β 2 2αβ  1 0 
= 2
=  ⇒ α 2 + β 2 = 1, αβ = 0 ⇒ α = 0, β = 1 or β = 0, α = 1
 2αβ α + β  0 1 
2

α 0 α 0  α 0  α 2 0
198. Ans (b) ∵ A =   ⇒ A2 =  ⇒ A2
=   But A = B
2

1 1 1 1   1 
1 α + 1 1 
 α 2 0 1 0 
⇒ =  ⇒ α 2 = 1 and α + 1 = 2 ⇒ α = 1
α + 1 1   2 1 
199. Ans (d) Clearly it is not symmetric and here we see that its diagonal elements are not zero, so it is not
anti – symmetric matrix also. Now, A = 1(1 + 4 ) + 2 ( 2 + 6 ) − 3 ( 4 − 3) = 5 + 16 − 3 = 18 ≠ 0 . Hence, it is
non – singular matrix.
α β α β  α β  α 2 + β 2 2αβ 
200. Ans. (a) ∵ A =  ∴ A2     = 
β α  β α   β α   2αβ α2 + β2
α 2 + β 2 2αβ  1 0 
Now , A = I
2
⇒  = 
 2αβ α 2 + β 2  0 1 
⇒ α 2 + β 2 = 1, αβ = 0 ⇒ α = 0, β = 1 or β = 0, α = 1
α 0 α 0  α 0   α 2 0
201. Ans. (b) ∵ A   ⇒ A2 =    ⇒ A2 =  
 1 1  1 1  1 1 α + 1 1 
 α 2 0 1 0 
But A2 = B ⇒  =  ⇒ α = 1 and α + 1 = 2 ⇒ α = 1
2

α + 1 1   2 1 
202. Ans. (d) Here , we see that its diagonal elements are not zero , so it is not anti - symmetric matrix .
Now , A = 1(1 + 4 ) + 2 ( 2 + 6 ) − 3 ( 4 − 3) = 5 + 16 − 3 = 18 ≠ 0
Hence , it is non singular matrix .
5 2 3 6 
203. Ans. (d) Given that , A + B =   and A − B =  
0 9   0 −1
1   5 2   3 6   1 8 8   4 4  1  5 2  3 6   1  2 −4  1 −2 
∴ A=   +  =  = and B =   −  = =

2  0 9  0 −1  2 0 8  0 4   2  0 9  0 −1  2  0 10  0 5 
 4 4  1 −2   4 −8 + 20   4 12 
∴ AB =   = =
 0 4 0 5  0 20   0 20 

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204. Ans. (a), Since rank of the given matrix is 3. ∴ It is non-singular.
1 2 3
18
λ 2 4 ≠0 ⇒ 14 − 2 ( λ − 8 ) + 3 ( −3λ − 4 ) ≠ 0 ⇒ − 11λ + 18 ≠ 0 . ∴λ≠ .
11
2 −3 1

(
205. Ans. (b), We have A ( A + B )
−1
)B −1
= B −1 (( A + B ) )
−1 −1
. A−1

= B −1 ( A + B ) A−1 = ( B −1 A + I ) A−1 = B −1 + A−1.

206. Ans. (b), We know that ( ABC ) = C −1 B −1 A−1

−1

( A ( A + B ) B ) = ( B ) (( A + B ) )
−1 −1 −1
A−1 = B −1 ( A + B ) A−1
−1 −1

= ( B −1 A + B −1 B ) A−1 = ( B −1 A + I ) A−1 = B −1 ( AA−1 ) + IA−1 = B −1 I + A−1 = B −1 + A−1

207. Ans. (d), Given ( A−1 ) = A ⇒ ( AT ) = A ⇒ AAT = I ⇒ A = ±1.

T −1

22
adj ( adj A ) = A
4
= A = 1.

208. Ans. (d), Given, ( A + B ) = A2 + B 2 + 2 AB = ( A + B )( A + B ) = A2 + B 2 + 2 AB

2

= A2 + BA + AB + B 2 = A2 + B 2 + 2 AB ⇒ BA = AB
 a 1   1 −1   1 −1   a 1   a + 2 −a + 1   a − b 1 + 1 
⇒    =   ⇒  = 
 b −1   2 1   2 1   b −1   b − 2 −b − 1   2 a + b 2 − 1 
 a + 2 −a + 1   a − b 2 
⇒  = 
 b − 2 −b − 1   2 a + b 1 
The corresponding elements of equal matrices are equal
a + 2 = a − b, − a + 1 = 2 ⇒ a = −1, b − 2 = 2a + b, − b − 1 = 1 ⇒ b = −2
⇒ a = −1, b = −2 . Hence, (d) is the correct answer.
1 2 3
209. Ans. (d), We have, A = 1 −1 4 = 1 ( −11) − 2 ( −1) + 3 ( 3) = 0
2 1 7

 −11 1 3   −11 −11 11   −11 −11 11   1   0 

adj A =  −11 1 3  =  1 1 −1  ∴ (adj A ) B =  1 1 −1   0  =  0  = 0
        
 11 −1 −3   3 3 −3   3 3 −3   1   0 
∴ The given system of equation is consistent and has infinitely many solutions.
210. Ans. (b) We have, I = AA−1
0 1 2  1 −1 1   1 0 c +1 
1     
= 1 2 3  −8 6 2c  =  0 4 2 ( c + 1) 
2
 3 a 1   5 −3 1   4 (1 − a ) 3 ( a − 1) 1 + ac 

Comparing the elements of AA−1 with those of I , we have,

c + 1 = 0 ⇒ c = −1 and a − 1 = 0 ⇒ a = 1
3 5  1 17 
211. Ans. (b), A =   and B =  . ∴ A = −10, B = −10 ⇒ AB = A B = 100
2 0  0 −10 
212. Ans. (b), Given, A ( adj A ) = 5I

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3−1
A I = 5I ⇒ A = 5 ∴ adj ( A ) = A = A = ( 5 ) = 25
2 2
∴

213. Ans. (d) We have, aij = i 2 − j 2 . ∴ a ji = j 2 − i 2 ⇒ aij = − a ji

Thus, A is a skew-symmetric matrix of even order.
We know that the determinant of every skew-symmetric matrix of even order is a perfect square and
that of odd order is zero. Hence, option (d) is correct.
214. Ans. (b) We know that ( AT ) = ( A−1 ) . So, option (a) is true.
−1 T

−1
In option (b), A−1 is a matrix and A is a number. So, it is not true.

Now, A2 ( A−1 ) = ( AA ) ( A−1 A−1 )

2

⇒ A2 ( A−1 ) = A ( AA−1 ) A−1 = ( AI ) A−1 = AA−1 = I . ∴ ( A2 ) = ( A−1 ) . So, option (c) is true.
2 −1 2

1  1 
215. Ans. (c), We have, B −1 AB = B −1 A B ⇒ B −1 AB = A B −1
∵ B = 
B  B 

⇒ B −1 AB = A

α 0  α 0  1 0 
216. Ans. (d) We have, A2 = B ⇒ =
1 1   1 1  5 1 
 α 2 0  1 0 
⇒ =  ⇒ α 2 = 1 and α + 1 = 5
α + 1 1  5 1 
Clearly, these two equations are inconsistent. Hence, there is no value of α satisfying A2 = B.
 a b3   1 8 
217. Ans. (d) We have,  =  ⇒ a = 1, b3 = 8 ⇒ a = 1, b = 2.
 2 0  2 0
−1
a b  1 2 a b  1  0 −2   0 1/ 2 
∴  =  . Hence,   =−  =
 2 0 2 0  2 0 4  −2 1  1/ 2 −1/ 4 


218. Ans. (a), We have, A2 − A + I = O

⇒ A − A2 = I ⇒ A ( I − A) = I ⇒ A−1 = I − A
2
219. Ans. (c) We have, B = 64 ⇒ adj A = 64 ⇒ A = 64 ⇒ A = ± 8.
1 0 
∴ A100 = ω100 ( I 2 )
100
220. Ans. (a) We have, A = ω   = ω I2 . = ω100 I 2 = ω I 2 = A. .
0 1 
221. Ans. (a) we know that If A is a non-singular matrix of order n, then adj ( adj A ) = A
n−2
A
Here, n = 3. ∴ adj ( adj A ) = A A
222. Ans. (d) We have, A = 1 ≠ 0. So, A−1 exists.
Clearly, A ≠ ( −1) I and A is not a zero or null matrix.
So, options (a), (b) and (c) are not correct.
 0 0 −1  0 0 −1 1 0 0 
Now, A2 =  0 −1 0   0 −1 0  = 0 1 0  = I . Hence, option (d) is correct.
 −1 0 0   −1 0 0  0 0 1 
223. Ans. (d), In a square matrix, the trace of A is defined as the sum of the diagonal elements.

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Hence, trace of A = ∑ aii .

i

224. Ans. (d), We have, A = k I n ⇒ A = k In = k n In = k n .

−1 −1
 2 1   −3 2   1 0   2 1   1 0   −3 2  
225. Ans. (a), We have,   A =  ∴A=     
 3 2   5 −3 0 1   3 2   0 1   5 −3 

 2 −1  1 0  3 2    2 −1 3 2  1 1 
⇒ A=    ⇒ A=  = 
 −3 2    0 1   5 3    −3 2  5 3  1 0 
1 0 x+ y  1 0 0
226. Ans. (a), AB =  0 1 0  =  0 1 0  ⇒ x+ y =0
 0 0 1   0 0 1 

227. Ans. (a), We have, ( B −1 A−1 ) = ( A−1 ) (B )

−1 −1 −1 −1 ∵ ( PQ )−1 = Q −1 P −1 
 
 2 2  0 −1  2 −2 
⇒ ( B −1 A−1 ) = AB (B A −1 ) =  ⇒ ( B −1 A−1 ) = 
−1 −1 −1 −1
Hence   
 −3 2   1 0  2 3 
Hence, option (a) is correct.

228. Ans. (a), We know that A =

1
2
( A + AT ) + ( A − AT ) .
1
2

Clearly,
1
2
( A + AT ) is a symmetric matrix and ( A − AT ) is a skew-symmetric matrix.
1
2
  2 0 −3  2 4 −5 
 
Now, ( A + AT ) =   4 3 1  +  0 3 7  
1 1
2 2    

  −5 7 2   −3 1 2  
 4 4 −8  2 2 −4 
⇒ ( A + AT ) =  4 6 8  =  2 3 4 
1 1
2 2
 −8 8 4   −4 4 2 
229. Ans. (b) if A ≠ 0 then A−1 exists.
AB = AC ⇒ A−1 ( AB ) = A−1 ( AC ) ⇒ ( A−1 A ) B = ( A−1 A ) C ⇒ B=C

1 2 2   6 −2 −6 
230. Ans. (a), We have, A =  2 3 0  and adj A =  −4 2
  x  , Clearly, A = 6 − 8 + 4 = 2
 0 1 2   y −1 1 

1 2 2   6 −2 −6   2 0 0 
∴ A ( adj A) = A I ⇒  2 3 0   −4 2 x  =  0 2 0 
 0 1 2   y −1 −1  0 0 2 

2 y − 2 0 2 x − 8  2 0 0
⇒  0 2 3x − 12  =  0 2 0  ⇒ 2 y − 2 = 2, 2 y − 4 = 0, 2 x − 8 = 0, 3 x − 12 = 0, x − 2 = 2
 2 y − 4 0 x − 2   0 0 2
⇒ x = 4, y = 2, ⇒ x + y = 6

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4 0 0
231. Ans. (b), We have, A ( adj A ) =  0 4 0 
 0 0 4 

⇒ A I = 4I ∵ A ( Adj A ) = A I 
n −1
⇒ A =4 ⇒ adj A = A
2
 adj A = A 
 
1 α α2
232. Ans. (a), f (α ) = α α 2 1 = α 3 + α 3 + α 3 − α 6 − α 3 − 1 = 2α 3 − α 6 − 1
α2 1 α

∴f ( 3 ) = 2 × 3 − 9 − 1 = −4
3

233. Ans. (d), We have:

−1 1 −1
(i) M = = M ∴ Statement (b) is true.
M

(ii) ( M 2 ) = ( MM ) = M −1. M −1 = ( M −1 )
−1 −1 2
∴ Statement (b) is true.

(iii) ( M T ) = ( M −1 )
−1 T
∴ Statement (c) is true. Thus, all the statements are true.

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