“C” LANGUAGE
(Introduction to C Language)
For
BCA Part-II
ANANT KUMAR
Faculty Member
Department of Computer Science
J. D. Women’s College, Patna
INTRODUCTION TO “C” LANGUAGE
Creating and Running C Program
To create and execute C programs in the Windows Operating System, we need to install
Turbo C software. We use the following steps to create and execute C programs in
Windows OS.
Step 1: Creating a Source Code
Source code is a file with C programming instructions in a high-level language. To
create source code, we use any text editor to write the program instructions. The
instructions written in the source code must follow the C programming language rules.
The following steps are used to create a source code file in Windows OS.
Click on TurboC++ 4.0 FullScreen 64Bit Windows 7-Wndows 8
Click on File -> New in C Editor window
Type the program
Save it as FileName.c (Use shortcut key F2 to save)
Step 2: Compile Source Code (Alt + F9)
The compilation is the process of converting high-level language instructions into low-
level language instructions. We use the shortcut key Alt + F9 to compile a C program
in Turbo C.
Note: The compilation is the process of converting high-level language instructions
into low-level language instructions.
Whenever we press Alt + F9, the source file is going to be submitted to the Compiler.
On receiving a source file, the compiler first checks for the Errors. If there are any
Errors then compiler returns List of Errors, if there are no errors then the source code is
converted into object code and stores it as a file with .obj extension. Then the object
code is given to the Linker. The Linker combines both the object code and
specified header file code and generates an Executable file with a .exe extension.
Step 3: Executing / Running Executable File (Ctrl + F9)
After completing compilation successfully, an executable file is created with
a .exe extension. The processor can understand this .exe file content so that it can
perform the task specified in the source file.
We use a shortcut key Ctrl + F9 to run a C program. Whenever we press Ctrl + F9,
the .exe file is submitted to the CPU. On receiving .exe file, CPU performs the task
according to the instruction written in the file. The result generated from the execution
is placed in a window called User Screen.
Step 4: Check Result (Alt + F5)
After running the program, the result is placed into User Screen. Just we need to open
the User Screen to check the result of the program execution. We use the shortcut
key Alt + F5 to open the User Screen and check the result.
Execution Process of a C Program
When we execute a C program it undergoes with the following process:
The file which contains c program instructions in a high-level language is said to be
source code. Every c program source file is saved with .c extension, for example,
Sample.c.
Whenever we press Alt + F9 the source file is submitted to the compiler. Compiler
checks for the errors, if there are any errors, it returns a list of errors, otherwise
generates object code in a file with name [Link] and submit it to the linker. The
linker combines the code from specified header file into an object file and generates
executable file as [Link]. With this compilation process completes.
Now, we need to run the executable file ([Link]). To run a program we press Ctrl
+ F9. When we press Ctrl + F9 the executable file is submitted to the CPU. Then CPU
performs the task according to the instructions written in that program and place the
result into UserScreen.
Then we press Alt + F5 to open UserScreen and check the result of the program.
